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The article discusses the highlights of the 50th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botany Lecture Room at the University of London in England on January 3, 1969. The minutes of the 49th Annual General Meeting were taken as read, approved and signed. The report of the Honorary Secretaries was presented for discussion of the members present.

The article discusses the highlights of the 37th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the University of Oxford in Oxford, England on January 5 to 7, 1956. A soirée was held at the university's Department of Botany at which exhibits illustrating the ecological work in progress at Oxford were shown. A series of coloured slides of New Zealand vegetation were shown by professor Gordon of New Zealand. Some of the topics of the papers read at the meeting, include field populations of Calliphorine flies.

Information about the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society is presented. The meeting was held at the Department of Botany of the University of Manchester in England from September 28-29, 1951. Papers discussed at the meeting include problems in the ecology of the lejeuneaceae, geographical affinities of the bryophytes and habitat preferences of mosses.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society held in London, England from April 3-4, 1951 is presented. Topics include the ecology of Hydropsychideae, or Tricoptera, the localization of Cladocera in lakes and ponds and the relationship between the natural habitat preferences of a particular animal and the choice of alternative ones' in towns. A topic on nature conservation was also discussed.

The article discusses the highlights of the summer meeting on freshwater ecology at Exeter held by the British Ecological Society on July 3-7, 1964. It was held at the University of Exeter in Devon, England, by invitation of Professor L. A. Harvey and the university authorities. H. Gruffydd's paper entitled "The Population Biology of Chaetogaster limnaei" pointed out there were morphological and behavioral differences between a form of Chaetogaster limnaei living in the kidney of Lymnaea pereger and a form living on the outer surface of this snail.

The article highlights a joint meeting of the British Ecological Society's Tropical Ecology Group with the Royal Entomological Society, held at Imperial College in London, England on March 30, 1962. The meeting opened with a paper by P. M. Symmons who spoke on the effect of climate and weather on numbers of the red locust in its outbreak areas. J. P. Glasgow then spoke on the interrelations of tsetse with their habitat. The last paper in the morning session was by Gordon Surtees on the factors limiting mosquito distribution.

The article discusses the highlights of the winter and annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society in the Botany School in Cambridge, England from January 4-5, 1961. In the first paper, titled "Aquatic and Swamp Vegetation in Scotland," D. H. N. Spence discussed the results of a study of lochs. In his presentation, titled "Dormancy in the Freshwater Copepoda," J. P. Smyly explored the function of resting-stages as an ecological adaptation to allow species to survive.

The article offers information about the British Ecological Society' spring meeting held in Cambridge, England from March 27-29, 1957. The section reports on various papers presented at the event, including information on several sessions held during the meeting. Nearly fifty members and guests gathered for the meeting.

The article discusses the highlights of the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany at Bedford College in London, England on September 19 and 20, 1955. Several papers dealing with various aspects of the ecology of Calluna vulgaris were presented on the 19th, including a paper on experimental work to determine the effect of grazing wether sheep on enclosed areas of Calluneta. A discussion of the effects of burning heather is provided.

The article reports on the highlights of the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held at the Department of Zoology of the Imperial College of Science and Technology in South Kensington, England on January 7-8, 1955. Exhibits have been featured during the event, including two actinometers for solar radiation, illustrations of the ecology of a rock pool and the breeding of Atlantic seals.

The article reports on the highlights of the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in London, England on April 2-3, 1954. A. R. Clapham, a professor and president of the British Ecological Society, commenced the morning session on April 2, 1954. Several research papers were presented during the meeting, including those from Dr. Eville Gorham, Professor W. H. Pearsall and J. Brereton. On behalf of the Honorary Treasurer, the auditors' account was discussed by E. D. Le Cren during the meeting.

Information about several papers discussed at the Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at University College London in England on January 6, 1953 is presented. The author cited the presentations of different researchers during the event including the Chemical aspects of humus type natural conditions by E. Gorham and C. C. Dadd and the Bird migration by J. Fisher. Furthermore, the meeting was chaired by Dr. C. B. Williams, and was attended by over 100 members.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in Burlington House in London, England on April 7-8, 1952 is presented. Topics include the impact of rabbit to the agriculture in West Wales discussed by Prof. A. N. Worden and Ms. Winifred M. Phillips, the physiology of plants and plant ecology. Furthermore, the meeting was headed by Dr. C. B. Williams, president of the society and was attended by nearly one hundred members.

Information on several papers discussed at the 27th annual meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in 1941 at the Botany School in Cambridge, England, is presented. Topics include the secretaries' report for the year 1940, the recent expansion in the research staffs of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, and the recent observations of the soils of lowland topical regions. The symposium featured notable persons including P. W. Richards, G. E. Blackman and M. F. Mare.

Information about the Winter and Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Science Lecture Theatre of Goldsmith College in London, England on January 3-5, 1966 is presented. Various papers regarding ecology were discussed in the event. Also, exhibits were conducted which showcased ecological dynamics.

The article discusses the highlights of the spring meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Departments of Zoology and Botany in the University of Durham in Durham, England on March 29 to 31, 1955. A general account of zoological work in progress at Moor House was given by professor J. B. Cragg. J. A. Svendsen discussed the ecological studies on the earthworms associated with sheep dung at Moor House. It offers an overview of the group of papers on the ecology of litter fauna and flora.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society is presented. The meeting was held at the Department of Botany of the University of Oxford in England on January 5, 1952. It focused on the reporting of the honorary secretaries on the activities of the past year, which include the minutes of the previous annual meeting, the summer meeting and autumn meeting.

Information about several papers discussed at the British Ecological Society's symposium on ash as a forest tree in the British Isles on February 25, 1950 at the University College in London, England is presented. E. W. Jones iniated a discussion titled "Some features of the biology of ash," differentiating the F. excelsior tree from other British trees. A. H. Popert gave a lecture titled "Sylviculture of ash in Great Britain." Other speakers included W. B. Turrill, Arthur Tansley and J. Chear.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

Information about several papers discussed at the Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany, University College in London, England on January 11, 1947. It was attended by Dr. A. S. Watt, chairman of the society, and approximately 100 members of the organization. During the event, the minutes of the previous meeting were presented and signed by the officers.

This article provides a summary of the paper "Adaptations of Animals to Life in Tropical Swaps" presented by L. C. Beadle at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The paper defines a swamp as a stretch of shallow and slow-flowing water in which the conditions are dominated by the effects of closely-packed emergent vegetation. It discusses the possible conditions in swamps that might be expected seriously to affect aquatic animals.

A conference paper about insects in water-filled tree-holes is presented. It describes the population variations and life-histories of the insect species chironomid Metriocnemus martinii Thienemann and the ceratopogonid Dasyhelea found regularly in Wytham Woods, in Berkshire, England. In this study, the population curves for larvae and pupae had been recorded in various tree-holes and varied from hole to hole as well as from season to season.

This article introduces the summaries of papers presented at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The African papers concentrated mainly on conditions in freshwater swamps. The South American papers were more general. The summaries of the main contributions are grouped according to continent.

Information about the papers discussed at the joint meeting of the British Ecological Society and the Association of Applied Biologists in London, England on March 11, 1960 is presented. Topics include the destruction of natural ecosystems, the monoculture of heather and its effects on hill grazings, and the effects of grass crop production on soil fertility. The event featured several ecology and biology experts including T. E. Williams, C. H. Gimingham and P. W. Richards.

The article presents a study about the theoretical approach to a study of chalk grassland in England. This paper focuses on the six parts that make up the studies recorded in the past. A brief review of the history in literature of British Chalk Grassland is presented showing the general framework of the previous studies. Different variables in soil formation is detailed and the concepts in vegetation analysis are discussed featuring a functional approach which is a valuable tool in the assessment of various factors affecting the ecosystem balance.

The article discusses the resemblance of fusain, a stick of black carbon material for drawing, among recent charcoal produced in forest fire. The paper considers certain fragments of carbon, which were interpreted as fossil charcoal produced by fire. It examines fusain in three floras: Eastern Greenland, a large delta formed during Rhaetic and Lower Liassic time; North Yorkshire, a large delta formed during Lower Oolitic time; and South Wales, sediments of Rhaetic or basal Liassic age filling fissures in Carboniferous Limestone.

The article presents a study on the soluble salts in dune sands from Blakeney Point in Norfolk, England. Ten soil samples were taken in each of the seven dune areas to a depth of 3 cm. The samples were mixed together and then dried to about 100 degree Celsius. The mixtures were shaken occasionally for a week and filtered with the use of Whatman 541 filter papers. It was found out that the total concentration of soluble salts is greatest in the embryo dunes near the sea with approximately twice the concentration in the sand hills that is a few yards farther from the tide mark.

Information about the topics discussed at the Autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society, that was held on September 22-24, 1956 in conjunction with the Botanical Society of the British Isles at Southampton University, is presented. Topics include the micro-evolution of Glyceria, the general ecology of Spartina in Great Britain, and the boring activity of Limnoria tripunctata. The event featured several ecology experts including Dr. M. J. Borrill, C. E. Hubbard, and S. K. Eltringham.

The article reports on the highlights of the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held at the Botany School of the University of Cambridge, England on September 27-29, 1954. A soirée was held to open the meeting, and an extensive range of exhibits was organized as part of the event. The exhibits covered topics like fossil stone stripes, air photographs of British vegetation, botanical illustrations, culture collection of algae and protozoa, heaths and soils, interglacial pollen and the brown coal deposits.

Information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society held on January 5-6, 1950, at the Department of Botany, University College in Leicester, Engalnd is presented. The meeting, which was attended by 60 members and guests, opened with ecological exhibits and a method demonstration. The general meeting started with a signing of the minutes of the last annual meeting, followed by the council's report, election of officers and members, and presentation of various studies.

Information about several papers discussed at the first Summer Meeting of the British Ecological Society heldo at Sheffield, England on July 2-5, 1946. The event was attended by approximately forty members together with many interested guests from the Sheffield district. Participants discussed the vegetational history of the Southern Pennines.

The article provides information on the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society in the University Department of Botany held in Oxford, England from January 5-6, 1944. H. N. Southern gave an interesting lantern lecture upon the ecology of birds. Exhibits set out to illustrate various aspects of ecology were examined. The feasibility of employing echo-sounding to give an outline of the main algal beds is examined.

The article describes methods used in the chemical analysis of the eighteen monthly samples of the River Wharfe taken at Grassington Bridge, Pool Bridge, and at Ulleskelf in England conducted from June 1926 to November 1927. Suspended solid samples of 250 or 500 cubic centimeters were filtered through a Munktell's No. 1 F filter paper. With regard to dissolved solid samples, 100 cubic centimeters of the filtrate from the above determination were evaporated to dryness in a previously weighed platinum dish.

The article presents studies on the vegetation of Nottinghamshire, England. This paper explored the geological structure of the ecology of the Bunter Sandstone and superficial deposits. Different conditions were also taken into account including the climatic and edaphic focusing on the flora of the Sherwood forest. Different plant communities were subjected for thorough investigation recording the botanical information and general account of vegetation. The result of the experiment is discussed in brief.

The article discusses the highlights of the 7th Annual Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botanical Department of the University College in London, England on December 18, 1920. The Honorable Treasurer presented the financial statement and balance sheet to December 31, 1919. Papers presented during the event included one by T. G. B. Osborn, a professor at the University of Adelaide, on the vegetation of South Australia.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting sponsored by the British Ecological Society on fostering the study of ecology that was held at the Botanical Theatre in London, England on December 15, 1917 is presented. Topics include the method of demonstrating accretion on sandy and muddy foreshores by a layer of colored sand. The meeting featured several British ecologists including Mr. Wilmott, Mr. Fagg, and physician Salisbury.

The article reports on the observations of the patterns in a chalk grassland community. This paper focuses on the rapid of spread of Brachypodium pinnatum on some areas of basic soil in Southern England. Interest in the relationship of the species with the environment are recorded to look for clues in the spread of the species where they persisted and grazing sheep and rabbits lessened. Structure of chalk grassland sward were investigated with patterns of covariance analyses using techniques of spatial variations in soil nitrogen, boron and iron levels.

The article presents a study on the ecology of corticolous lichens. The study involves the use of a mathematical simulation model for predicting the productivity of epiphytic corticolous lichen in relation to the environmental conditions at Devon, England. Rates of net carbon assimilation were calculated for Parmelia caperata for a simulated time period of two years and weekly totals of net carbon assimilation were computed for lichens at each height. It was found out that the model appears to yield a calculated result which compares with the vertical distribution of P. caperata measured in the field. Moreover, the alterations in the vertical evaporation gradient are shown to have a strong effect on the vertical distribution of these species.

The article presents a study on the distribution of freshwater macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum. This paper focuses on the influence of nitrogen supply in this specie. Ceratophyllum shoots were gathered for the study which were abundant in a series of flooded gravel pits in Brandesburton in north-east England. Water analyses were recorded looking for clues in the difference of composition in nitrate content during the winter and summer. The experiment's results in the effects of nitrogen supply is briefly discussed.

Information about several papers discussed at the Royal Meteorological Society held in London, England on May 15, 1946. In the absence of the president and vice-president, Dr. H. Godwin assumed as chairman of the organization. During the event, they discussed variations in climate including the greater incidence of frost in a narrow valley situated on the slopes of the Malverns.

Information on several papers discusses at the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society held at Claire College in Cambridge, England on January 7, 1940. Portraits of many plants of particular interest, including oxslip, primrose and cowslip, series of colored lantern-slides and photographs taken on Agfa color film with a Leica camera was presented.

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. (Field Scabious) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of Britain and Ireland: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.Knautia arvensis is a perennial hemicryptophyte, with a tap root system, and bluish‐lilac inflorescences. It is native in Britain. It occurs predominantly on well‐drained to moderately dry soils such as dry grassy fields, pastures, roadsides and dry hedge banks. It has a vast Eurasian native distribution.Reproduction occurs through the production of seeds and rhizomes, though K. arvensis possesses very limited clonal growth. It has a gynodioecious breeding system. Flowers are nectariferous and insect pollinated, showing sexual dimorphism in several traits. The hermaphroditic flowers are protandrous and self‐compatible. Flowers are mainly pollinated by butterflies (Lepidoptera), Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.Knautia is a genus noteworthy for its high occurrence of hybridisation and polyploidy. Knautia arvensis has the widest distribution within the genus, and hybridisation both within members of the same group and with taxa of other groups is frequently reported.Although declining in natural habitats within England, K. arvensis is increasingly being sown within wildflower seed mixtures used in restoration schemes across the country, as it is a late flowering species that provides a good source of nectar for pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of a meeting of the Tropical Group held in the rooms of the Linnean Society in London, England, on November 4, 1964. The meeting discussed the pattern in dry tropical vegetation. Papers presented are "Pattern in Acacia-Capparis Semi-Desert Scrub in the Sudan," by P. Greig-Smith, "Termites and their Influence on Vegetation in the Drier Areas of Africa," by W. V. Harris, and "Vegetation Arcs in Somalia," by C. A. H. Hodge.

Information about several papers discussed at the meeting of the Council of the Royal Society held at the Royal Society in Burlington House in London, England on October 15, 1946. The event was arranged by Dr. H. Godwin in relation to the working conference on Quaternary History and Pollen-analysis organized through the British Council. Attendees discussed the need for facts in the form of discoveries of thermophilous plants in late-glacial or glacial deposits.

The article discusses the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society in the Botany School, University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England, on January 5 and 6, 1943. Series of exhibits has been set out including subfossil specimens of Meesia triquetra by doctor P. W. Richards, living plants of Lycopodium by N. W. Simmonds, and a distribution map of Juniperus communis by T. G. Tutin.

The article discusses a paper which enumerates the algae present in the plankton collections in the summer of 1926 from each of the Grassington, Pool, and Ulleskelf experimental stations in England. It is noted that the examination of the summer collections gives a general idea of the organisms present in the different regions of the river. Among the specimens included in the collections of the experimental stations were Gammarus and Chironomus larvae. It is concluded that the filamentous algae were represented by fragments, except in the June and July collections from Pool.

Information on several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society on April 6, 1940 in London, England is presented. Topics include the factors that differentiate marsh, fen and bog. Papers on water relations of raised-bog and blanket-bog, connemara bogs and habitat selection in Corixid bugs were read. The symposium featured notable persons including H. Godwin, T. T. Macan and D. Lack.

A conference paper about the productive structure of a sweet chestnut coppice woodland is presented. It presents an examination of the five areas of sweet chestnut coppice at Ham Street Woods National Nature Reserve in Kent, England which presented an age series, from 1 to 18 years, of even-aged deciduous woodland. It describes the population structure of even-aged plant communities in the woodland.

Information about the meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botanical Department, University College, in London, England on June 7, 1947 is presented. It featured the paper of Prof. Hugo Osvald of the Institute of Plant Husbandry of the University of Uppsala, Sweden entitled "Toxic exudates from the roots of Agropyron repens (Couch-grass)." A discussion regarding the paper which revolved around the general direction of the research upon weed is accounted.

Examines lake development and limnological response to prehistoric and historic land use in Diss, Norfolk, England. Large variations in diatom concentrations and distinct lithological changes; Increased pigment concentrations and percentages of diatom taxa characteristic of moderately enriched lakes.