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The article discusses the highlights of the 50th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botany Lecture Room at the University of London in England on January 3, 1969. The minutes of the 49th Annual General Meeting were taken as read, approved and signed. The report of the Honorary Secretaries was presented for discussion of the members present.

The article discusses the highlights of the 37th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the University of Oxford in Oxford, England on January 5 to 7, 1956. A soirée was held at the university's Department of Botany at which exhibits illustrating the ecological work in progress at Oxford were shown. A series of coloured slides of New Zealand vegetation were shown by professor Gordon of New Zealand. Some of the topics of the papers read at the meeting, include field populations of Calliphorine flies.

Information about the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society is presented. The meeting was held at the Department of Botany of the University of Manchester in England from September 28-29, 1951. Papers discussed at the meeting include problems in the ecology of the lejeuneaceae, geographical affinities of the bryophytes and habitat preferences of mosses.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society held in London, England from April 3-4, 1951 is presented. Topics include the ecology of Hydropsychideae, or Tricoptera, the localization of Cladocera in lakes and ponds and the relationship between the natural habitat preferences of a particular animal and the choice of alternative ones' in towns. A topic on nature conservation was also discussed.

The article discusses the highlights of the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany at Bedford College in London, England on September 19 and 20, 1955. Several papers dealing with various aspects of the ecology of Calluna vulgaris were presented on the 19th, including a paper on experimental work to determine the effect of grazing wether sheep on enclosed areas of Calluneta. A discussion of the effects of burning heather is provided.

The article reports on the highlights of the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held at the Department of Zoology of the Imperial College of Science and Technology in South Kensington, England on January 7-8, 1955. Exhibits have been featured during the event, including two actinometers for solar radiation, illustrations of the ecology of a rock pool and the breeding of Atlantic seals.

The article reports on the highlights of the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in London, England on April 2-3, 1954. A. R. Clapham, a professor and president of the British Ecological Society, commenced the morning session on April 2, 1954. Several research papers were presented during the meeting, including those from Dr. Eville Gorham, Professor W. H. Pearsall and J. Brereton. On behalf of the Honorary Treasurer, the auditors' account was discussed by E. D. Le Cren during the meeting.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in Burlington House in London, England on April 7-8, 1952 is presented. Topics include the impact of rabbit to the agriculture in West Wales discussed by Prof. A. N. Worden and Ms. Winifred M. Phillips, the physiology of plants and plant ecology. Furthermore, the meeting was headed by Dr. C. B. Williams, president of the society and was attended by nearly one hundred members.

Information about the Winter and Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Science Lecture Theatre of Goldsmith College in London, England on January 3-5, 1966 is presented. Various papers regarding ecology were discussed in the event. Also, exhibits were conducted which showcased ecological dynamics.

The article discusses the highlights of the spring meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Departments of Zoology and Botany in the University of Durham in Durham, England on March 29 to 31, 1955. A general account of zoological work in progress at Moor House was given by professor J. B. Cragg. J. A. Svendsen discussed the ecological studies on the earthworms associated with sheep dung at Moor House. It offers an overview of the group of papers on the ecology of litter fauna and flora.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society is presented. The meeting was held at the Department of Botany of the University of Oxford in England on January 5, 1952. It focused on the reporting of the honorary secretaries on the activities of the past year, which include the minutes of the previous annual meeting, the summer meeting and autumn meeting.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

This article introduces the summaries of papers presented at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The African papers concentrated mainly on conditions in freshwater swamps. The South American papers were more general. The summaries of the main contributions are grouped according to continent.

The article presents a study about the theoretical approach to a study of chalk grassland in England. This paper focuses on the six parts that make up the studies recorded in the past. A brief review of the history in literature of British Chalk Grassland is presented showing the general framework of the previous studies. Different variables in soil formation is detailed and the concepts in vegetation analysis are discussed featuring a functional approach which is a valuable tool in the assessment of various factors affecting the ecosystem balance.

Information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society held on January 5-6, 1950, at the Department of Botany, University College in Leicester, Engalnd is presented. The meeting, which was attended by 60 members and guests, opened with ecological exhibits and a method demonstration. The general meeting started with a signing of the minutes of the last annual meeting, followed by the council's report, election of officers and members, and presentation of various studies.

The article provides information on the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society in the University Department of Botany held in Oxford, England from January 5-6, 1944. H. N. Southern gave an interesting lantern lecture upon the ecology of birds. Exhibits set out to illustrate various aspects of ecology were examined. The feasibility of employing echo-sounding to give an outline of the main algal beds is examined.

The article discusses the highlights of the 7th Annual Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botanical Department of the University College in London, England on December 18, 1920. The Honorable Treasurer presented the financial statement and balance sheet to December 31, 1919. Papers presented during the event included one by T. G. B. Osborn, a professor at the University of Adelaide, on the vegetation of South Australia.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting sponsored by the British Ecological Society on fostering the study of ecology that was held at the Botanical Theatre in London, England on December 15, 1917 is presented. Topics include the method of demonstrating accretion on sandy and muddy foreshores by a layer of colored sand. The meeting featured several British ecologists including Mr. Wilmott, Mr. Fagg, and physician Salisbury.

The article discusses the highlights of a meeting of the Tropical Group held in the rooms of the Linnean Society in London, England, on November 4, 1964. The meeting discussed the pattern in dry tropical vegetation. Papers presented are "Pattern in Acacia-Capparis Semi-Desert Scrub in the Sudan," by P. Greig-Smith, "Termites and their Influence on Vegetation in the Drier Areas of Africa," by W. V. Harris, and "Vegetation Arcs in Somalia," by C. A. H. Hodge.

Information on several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society on April 6, 1940 in London, England is presented. Topics include the factors that differentiate marsh, fen and bog. Papers on water relations of raised-bog and blanket-bog, connemara bogs and habitat selection in Corixid bugs were read. The symposium featured notable persons including H. Godwin, T. T. Macan and D. Lack.

The article illustrates the scientific problem of the conservation of the heaths in Dorset, England. It presents three main causes of the heaths extensive anthropogenic changes, including the increased agricultural development, need for grown home timber and the scarcity of suitable sites for new plantations, and southward trend of the British human population. It describes the changes in area of heathland habitat and its fragmentation. It also forecast the fate of the existing flora and fauna in the light of observations made on the adaptations to changes in land use. Conservation and ecological implications of the work were also discussed.

The article discusses the effects of an aquatic plant called macrophytes to the river conditions of England. It claims that the growth of the plant is not limited by lack of major nutrients in River Ivel, while its enrichment by sewage effluent discharge has no obvious effect. It adds that the growth of the plant in the river is primarily determined by the amount of available solar radiation. Moreover, it states that studies of oxygen balance determine the overall photosynthetic and respiratory effect of plants to the river.

The article focuses on the ecology and plant distribution pattern of the Forty Acre Wood,in Chippenham Fen. It mentions that the Wood gives the clearest evidence of the operation of drainage factors upon the fen. It describes the woody and herbaceous vegetation occurring in the three zones in the area and states that the relative tolerance of the different tree species to ill-drainage is indicated by the distribution of trees in the zones. The alterations in the woodland brought about by varying drainage periods is also discussed.

This article discusses highlights of the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society in Cambridge, England in January 1945. An exhibit of photographs and herbarium specimens illustrating ferns from the high mountain vegetation of Jamaica was set out by H. Hamshaw Thomas. Seedlings of Juniperus communis from seeds collected on the Fleam Dyke has been shown by T. G. Tutin. P. W. Richards exhibited a cultivated specimen of Bartramia pomiformis.

The article offers information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society at the University College in London, England, on January 5-6, 1939. Professor Tansley explained how pressure of work had made him unable to prepare a speech, and how the Council had made arrangements for it to be read at a meeting at Easter. Resignation of Mrs. Hand was accepted and Elflyn Hughes was elected as a new member of the society.

The article discusses the highlights of a meeting of the British Ecological Society in the Botany School in Cambridge, England on January 2 to 4, 1934. Members of the society were entertained at a soirée. V. J. Chapman showed graphs and tables on the effect of tidal inundation on the species and communities of the salt marshes of Scolt Head Island. Meanwhile, C. Diver showed distribution maps of snails and Crambidae on South Haven Peninsula.

The article presents a report about the activities of the British Ecological Society for the year 1932. The article contains information regarding the meetings of the organization held at the University of Oxford and Teesdale in England supplemented with the minutes of such meetings. Details about the excursion event and transplant experiments conducted by the Society are given. It also mentions the periodicals "The Journal of Ecology" and "The Journal of Animal Ecology" and provides a discourse about its membership. The article ends with an announcement of the resignation of O. V. Darbishire, one of the founders of the society.

Information about the British Ecological Society's Tropical group meeting held at the Westfield College in London, England on November 2, 1965 is presented in which the topic for discussion was the temperature as a factor in tropical ecology. Also, the event gave emphasis on the main contributions in ecology which include, papers about river fauna and forests.

The article discusses the highlights of a Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University of Manchester in England on December 19 to 21, 1914. In his address, Society President A. G. Tansley discussed forest and prairie in the central U.S. Professor R. H. Yapp presented the results of his investigations on the salt marsh formation of the Dovey estuary, near Aberystwyth, Wales. Other lecturers include F. W. Oliver, Lilian Baker, and Reverend T. A. Jefferies.

(1) Mean relative growth rates (RGR) were estimated for a series of cohorts of three-leaved ramets of Carex flacca cloned from a single genet taken from a grassland in N. Derbyshire. (2) The cohort with the most vigorous growth had a mean RGR 2.18 times that of the least vigorous cohort. (3) Mean RGR was normally distributed against the logarithms of mean initial fresh weight per ramet (P < 0.01). (4) The fitted distribution predicted that individuals with an initial weight equal to that of the sample mean would have a mean RGR 1.13 times that of the sample mean, at 2 S.D. away from mean initial weight, mean RGR would be reduced to 0.71 of that of the sample mean. (5) Existing information, when combined with the present data, indicated that the extreme variation in mean RGR between species grown under productive conditions was about ten-fold, whereas variation between populations, genets and ramets was perhaps two-fold. (6) The distributions of mean RGR within the four levels of organization are discussed and the probabilistic implications of these distributions are briefly explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the result of the exclusion of sheep from grasslands in England. Patterns of vegetation; Changes in structure of grasslands.

Part III. Studies the life cycles on ant-hills of ten plant species with marked patterns in relation to ant-hills in chalk grassland at Beacon Hill, Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve in Oxfordshire, England from 1969 to 1972. Factors affecting the population sizes of the plant species.

(1) The vertical distribution of leaves was recorded using a point quadrat, at intervals throughout 1981 and 1982 from grazed chalk grasslands in Sussex and Wiltshire, the data were analysed to describe the overtopping relationships between leaves of different species. (2) In most cases there was a positive correlation between the relative height of rosette leaves of each species ('relative leaf position') and their relative abundance. (3) Despite the short turf of these chalk grasslands (< 10 cm excluding inflorescence stalks) there is pronounced vertical structure, the tallest species (often graminoids) tend to be the most abundant, and the shortest species (often dicotyledons) the least abundant. (4) It is suggested that relative abundance is partly determined by competition for light and that there is a steady-state relationship between species with taller and with shorter rosette leaves. The balance between species is determined by grazing with taller species favoured between grazing events and the shorter species at the time of grazing. (5) In grazed chalk grasslands in southern England the balance falls in favour of species with taller and widely spreading growth-forms because grazing intensity is low and there is often a long time between successive grazing periods. (6) The species with shorter growth-forms persist, and the species with taller growthforms do not come to ecological dominance, because of chrome, differential defoliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the ecological history of Wicken Fen in Cambridgeshire, England. Vegetation types that predominated on the Fen in the seventeenth century; Decline in peat extraction after 1800; Decrease in the total area of sedge in the twentieth century; Subdivision of the Fen during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The article presents a study about the grassland vegetation of the Sheffield region. This study investigated the ecology of flowering plants in the Sheffield region in Britain which makes an excellent center for study for its location between highland and lowland areas of the country offering access to the climatic and biological expressions in each zone. Geological strata, altitude and land-use were important factors for this experiment. Diverse and intense biotic pressures were also recorded. Environmental variations and topography also helped in establishing the information needed for this study.

The article highlights a study which provides a contrast in that the grassland and tall herb communities, on the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, examined all occur on soils containing free calcium carbonate. It mentions that the changes in the nutrient status of the plant-soil system after fire have been studied by estimating losses in the smoke, deposition in the ash, retention of soluble nutrients in the soil and by monitoring the nutrient content of vegetation at intervals after a fire. It concludes that the effects of fire in respect of plant nutrition are unimportant in the ecology of these communities relative to damage caused to the plants and alterations in the physical environment.

This article presents a study which investigated the influence of physical and chemical conditions on the spatial and temporal distribution of the phytoplankton and of an epipelic algae community in Abbot's pond in England. The study noted a marked vertical stratification of phytoplankton species during thermally stratified conditions. It also found that the positions of various species is related to physical and chemical conditions in the water column and in some cases to motility. The effects of shelter on the limnology and algal biology of Abbot's pond are discussed, and the possible future development of the pond is outlined.

The article reports on the ecological significance of fire in limestone grassland communities of the Derbyshire Dales. Fire in limestone grassland communities in the Peak district of Derbyshire is shown to occur widely within the area, predominantly in communities which are not or are only slightly grazed. Festuca ovina-Helictotrichon pratense grassland, Agrostis tenuis-Anthoxanthum odaratum grassland, and Agrostis tenuis-Holcus lanatus grassland are the three communities that are distinguished and described in outline. It is said that in these communities spring fires occur sporadically and destroy most of the above-ground vegetation.

The article presents a study of flowering plants from an east Devon heath, using factor analysis. It also presents a comparison of rotated solutions and principal component of the 94 quadrants, along three transects in the heath, which are being investigated in the study. Using the principal component analysis, ecological amplitude, soil moisture, and base status are respectively reflected from a multiple contingency table. The rotated solution method, on the other hand, yielded axes that can be translated using ecological terms. It was concluded that the rotated solution is more useful in acquiring information from floristic lists.

The article examines some problems of mid-Post-glacial ecology and chronology in the area south and east of the English Lake District in England. The post-glacial increase in pine pollen frequencies is discussed. The stratigraphical evidence for changes in water level during mid-Post-glacial times is detailed. Information on the radiocarbon evidence from Lonsdale is presented. A discussion is presented on the relation of pine maximum in Lonsdale to local habitat factors and the climatic implications of the pine maximum in Lonsdale.

The article presents an account of observations made on the ecology of Endymion nonscriptus in woods in central Warwickshire, England where some very luxuriant societies are to be found. It notes the factors that might restrict Endymion nonscriptus to woodland habitats, namely, poor dispersal, lack of seed dormancy and of conditions suitable for germination and subsequent development of the seedling. The specie's flower production was earlier in the southern and western margins of woods and beneath trees. The only serious competitor of the specie is the Mercurialis perennis. Bombus is the most important pollinators of Endymion nonscriptus.

The article offers information on the relation of biotic Festuca-Agrostis grasslands and grass-heaths in the environment in Cheviot Hills in England and Scotland. It discusses the chief factors contributing to environmental variation were soil base status, soil moisture regime, grazing pressure and the effects of selective grazing among species. It was found that vegetation vary on the changes in habitat factors. Data are also presented related to the floristic composition, soil profile type and chemical analysis of each vegetation type.

The article presents an observation on the lichen ecology of Dorset, England's South Haven Peninsula where a system of sand dunes lives. According to the study conducted by Good, the general succession on the dunes is from dune-grass dominated by Ammophila arenaria to dry Calluna-heath in which the succession comes along with increases in acidity and organic content of the soil. It relates that lichen vegetation of the dunes has one of the most striking features which is the complete transition occurs in the replacement of Ammophila by Calluna. It also provides a comparison with the lichen vegetation of adjacent heaths on Bagshot gravel, and with other dune systems in the country.

The article presents a study on the ecology of Tabellaria diatom genus existing in the English Lake District. The method of the study includes an investigation of eighteen lakes, ninety-two tarns, rocks, and seventy-nine pools of the English Lake District located off Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire. The article also discusses sampling of lakes, collection of water, plankton samples, attached algae, and the chemical methods applied to estimate the nitrate, phosphate, dissolved silica, and alkalinity content of water samples. Results of the study show that species of Tabellaria do not invariably appear in waters of suitable alkalinity.

Information about the summer meeting of the British Ecological Society which was held in Norfolk, England from July 6-13, 1951 is presented. Activities of the meeting include daily expeditions of the societies' members to various parts of Great Britain with ecological interests. Among these were; visit to the Scolt Head Island, in which the general physiography of the area was described by Professor J. A. Steers, and to Ranworth and Upton Broads in the Bure Valley.

The article focuses on tree and bush colonization in South Chippenham Fen in Wiltshire, England. It states that the South Chippenham Fen is an area covering about 38 acres and is surrounded by Jerusalem Wood. It mentions the edaphic and biotic environmental factors controlling the process of tree colonization into the open fen and the drainage conditions. It discusses the gradual changes in the ground vegetation as the tree colonization became older. It informs that plant communities dominated by Eupatariuin cannabinum and Rubus caesius have gradually replaced communities dominated by Molinia coerulea and other monocots.

The article discusses studies on Asterionella formosa Hassall and its ability to create maxima in planktons. It is noted that Asterionella formosa produces less maxima in autumn and high amounts of it in spring. There are two hypotheses on the nature of the cells creating seasonal maxima, one of which is that Asterionella needs certain environmental conditions in order to create the observed maxima in the open water of lakes. Quantitative plankton samples were taken at specific times in various bodies of water including the south and north basins of Windermere in England.

The provides information on the joint meeting between the British Ecological Society and the forestry societies of Great Britain in the rooms of the Linnaean Society at the Burlington House in Piccadilly, London, England. Chairman Captain C. Diver referred to the growing necessity for liaison between foresters and ecologists. Professor A. G. Tansley welcome the desire of the Forestry Commission to make closer contact with ecology.

The article focuses on the beechwoods of the Chiltern Hills, England and their seral relationships. Annual rainfall in different areas of the Chiltern Hills varies while data on temperatures show that from March to September, the daily maxima on the Chilterns are higher and lower from March to September. It is noted that there are few or no areas in a natural condition on the plateau. It provides a general description of the terrain and the vegetation. It explores the characters of the juniper and hawthorn seres.

The article presents the second report on the transplant experiments of the British Ecological Society at Potterne, Wilts in England. It states that since the preparation of the first report on October 1928 the Transplant Committee has met at Potterne and Kew in England and has approved the methods of conducting experiments in 1930 and 1931. Relative to this, the Committee forwarded that preliminary experiments should be made with Ononis spinosa L. and its var. mitis (L.), Solanum dulcamara L. var. marinum Bab. and Bellis perennis L. Accompanying tables, graphical representations, and photographs which illustrate the findings and the methods used by the Society are also mentioned.