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Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parental metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of MS and associated abnormalities in adolescent offspring., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 304 adolescents (12-16 years; 236 children with at least one parent and 124 father-mother-child trios) recruited from four schools representing different socioeconomic strata from Vellore, India. Anthropometric data was collected and blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids were measured., Results: The prevalence of MS in adolescent offspring, fathers, and mothers was 3.3%, 52.5%, and 48.7% respectively. The most commonly observed metabolic abnormality among adolescents was lower high-density lipoprotein. Maternal waist circumference (WC) was strongly correlated with adolescent body mass index (P = 0.007), WC (P < 0.001), serum triglycerides (P = 0.02), and systolic (P = 0.005) and diastolic (P = 0.01) blood pressure. Maternal MS status was significantly associated with a greater risk of central obesity (WC odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.17) in offspring. Both parents having MS conferred a significant effect on the child's WC (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.72-2.07) and increased risk of MS (OR 6.19; 95% CI 1.64-23.26)., Conclusions: This study highlights the possible heritable parental components that may contribute to the MS phenotype in offspring: MS in adolescent offspring is related to parental MS status, and maternal traits reflect offspring adiposity and metabolic traits more strongly than paternal factors. Therefore, adolescent children of parents with MS should be targets for primordial prevention of cardiometabolic disease., (© 2015 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: India lacks comprehensive mortality data in individuals with diabetes. The present retrospective case-control study compared the causes of death in diabetic and non-diabetic inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in 2007., Methods: Deaths in diabetic patients (n = 315) were compared with 307 randomly selected controls. Medical chart review established the primary cause of death, demographics, and clinical data. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed., Results: Of the 79 067 inpatient admissions during 2007, diabetes of any type was recorded for 6517 (8.2%). There were 2017 inpatient deaths registered, 315 (15.6%) in diabetic patients and 1702 (84.4%) in non-diabetic patients, corresponding to mortality rates of 48.3/1000 admissions for diabetic patients and 23.4/1000 admissions for non-diabetic patients. The mean duration of hospitalization prior to death in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients was 6.4 vs 7.7 days (P = 0.015). Causes of death in diabetic patients were vascular disease (38.4%), infection (34.3%), renal failure (8.9%), and malignancy (8.9%); diabetic patients had significantly higher odds of death from vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67-6.16; P ≤ 0.0001), renal causes (OR 7.39, 95%CI 2.53-29.27; P ≤ 0.001) and infection (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12-2.32; P ≤ 0.0001). Comparing cases and controls after stratifying by age (<56 and ≥56 years), the greater odds of vascular death among diabetics remained significant in both age categories., Conclusions: We report vascular disease as the leading cause of death among diabetic hospital inpatients in one tertiary care center in India, in contrast with previous hospital-based studies from India., (© 2011 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)