1. Anthropometric Evaluation of Periorbital Region and Facial Projection Using Three-Dimensional Photogrammetry
- Author
-
Heather Curtis, S. Alex Rottgers, Diana S. Jodeh, Summer J. Decker, James J. Cray, and Jonathan Ford
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Intraclass correlation ,Eye ,Pupil ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Craniofacial ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Projection (set theory) ,Craniofacial surgery ,Orthodontics ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Intra-rater reliability ,Sagittal plane ,Photogrammetry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Face ,Female ,Surgery ,Anatomic Landmarks ,business - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct anthropometric and three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements have been used extensively in cleft/craniofacial surgery to assess morphological changes and surgical outcomes. Craniofacial procedures alter the sagittal projection of periorbital bony prominences. Mulliken described a method of measuring their projection relative to the corneal plane but is impractical in clinical practice. Three-dimensional photogrammetry may offer a solution; however, the cornea is not visualized on this. The authors propose to develop new normative measurements of facial projection relative to the pupil. METHODS Five 3D photographs were taken of 5 individuals using Vectra M5 camera. Facial projection measurements were taken of the sagittal projection of the bilateral periorbital landmarks and nasal radix relative to the pupil using Mirror 3D analysis. Standard deviations (SD) were determined for each subject and laterality. Chi-square tests confirmed all SD
- Published
- 2018