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Abstract Recent advances in the field of multiscale representations have spurred the emergence of a new generation of powerful techniques for the efficient analysis of images and other multidimensional data. These novel techniques enable the quantification of essential geometric characteristics in complex imaging data resulting in improved algorithms for image restoration, feature extraction and classification. We discuss the application of these ideas in neuroscience imaging and describe a novel method for the accurate and efficient identification of cellular bodies of neurons in multicellular images. This method is instrumental to the design of a novel algorithm for neuronal tracing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient representations of multivariate functions are critical for the design of state-of-the-art methods of data restoration and image reconstruction. In this work, we consider the representation of spatio-temporal data such as temporal sequences (videos) of 2- and 3-dimensional images, where conventional separable representations are usually very inefficient, due to their limitations in handling the geometry of the data. To address this challenge, we define a class E (A) ⊂ L 2 (R 4) of functions of 4 variables dominated by hypersurface singularities in the first three coordinates that we apply to model 4-dimensional data corresponding to temporal sequences (videos) of 3-dimensional objects. To provide an efficient representation for this type of data, we introduce a new multiscale directional system of functions based on cylindrical shearlets and prove that this new approach achieves superior approximation properties with respect to conventional multiscale representations. We illustrate the advantages of our approach by applying a discrete implementation of the new representation to a challenging problem from dynamic tomography. Numerical results confirm the potential of our novel approach with respect to conventional multiscale methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]