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Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Although relatively uncommon in horses, infections caused by Mycobacterium spp. may affect the gastrointes-tinal tract. Mycobacterium branderi is a non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) that causes respiratory infections in man. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria may also affect horses; however, infection by M. branderi has not yet been reported in this species. This report describes the clinical, pathological, microbiological and molecular findings of M. branderi infection in a horse, causing granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis. A 17-year-old Thoroughbred stallion had a 3-month history of chronic diarrhoea, cachexia and ventral and cervical oedema. Necropsy examination revealed severe mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, together with mesenteric lymphangiectasia and diffuse small intestinal mucosal thickening. Microscopically, the mesenteric lymph node had diffuse granulomatous inflammatory infiltration, replacing most of the nodal parenchyma, with multiple acid-fast bacilli within the cytoplasm of macrophages. There was also diffuse lymphangiectasia. Fresh samples of mesenteric lymph nodes yielded no bacterial growth; however, nested polymerase chain reaction products obtained from the mesenteric lymph node samples were consistent with M. branderi. This infection should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of chronic diarrhoea in horses, especially when granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis are also observed. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Vet Pathol, Av Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Anim Reprod, Av Bento Goncalves, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Fatal hypothermia represents a diagnostic challenge in veterinary pathology. Wischnewski spots (WS) and black oesophagus (BO) have been described in human cases of fatal hypothermia but rarely in animals. We now describe WS and BO in suspected fatal hypothermia in a free-ranging brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) and a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Both animals had dark spots resembling WS on the gastric mucosa and the monkey also had BO with haematin deposition. In both cases, stress factors and relatively cold environmental conditions were present prior to death.