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Smoking is disproportionately prevalent among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian peoples, with 39% of Indigenous Australians aged over 15 years smoking daily. Efforts to reduce the prevalence include culturally focused media campaigns, designed through community consultation, that highlight the need to determine how such health messaging is perceived by smokers. This study aimed to examine Indigenous Australian smokers' reactions to a culturally focused anti-smoking mass media campaign. Intercept surveying across health services and events recorded demographics, smoking status, quit attempts, smoking health effects, anti-smoking campaign recall, social support, and campaign reactions. Participants rated four different campaign images in five domains: (1) whether it made them stop and think; (2) personal relevance; (3) believability of design and message; (4) prompting concern about smoking; and (5) motivation towards quitting. Cluster analysis was used to identify smoker types. Smoking health effects knowledge was high, and did not differ by quit readiness, attempts, or social support. Cessation support access was higher among those with greater readiness to quit. Social smoking behaviour and confidence to support others quitting did not significantly differ between participants, however importance of others quitting did. Quit readiness, attempts, and social support were associated with reaction to campaign design, but not message recall. Four types of smokers were identified using smoking characteristics, who differed in campaign message reactions. Culturally focused anti-smoking media can benefit from exploring how smoker types can be used to differentiate messaging by smokers' profile characteristics, to support mass media smoking cessation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined weight management counseling practices of Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health center (HC) providers for patients with overweight (POW) and obesity (POB) status, focusing on weight-related conditions, risk factors, and health care utilization. We used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of HC patients and multilevel generalized structural equation logistic regression models to assess the association of provider counseling practices for POW and POB and by three obesity classes. Dependent variables included being told by the HC provider that weight was a problem, receiving a diet or exercise recommendation, referral to a nutritionist, or receiving weight loss prescriptions. Independent variables included weight-related conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, risk factors such as smoking, and health service utilization such as five or more primary care visits. All POB classes had higher odds of receiving all five counseling interventions than POW. Patients with diabetes and high cholesterol had higher odds of diet recommendations (OR = 1.8) and nutritionist referrals (OR = 2.3), while patients with cardiovascular disease had higher odds of nutritionist referral (OR = 2.0) and receiving weight loss prescriptions (OR = 2.6). Respondents with POB class III and diabetes had higher odds of receiving exercise recommendations (OR = 3.4), while POB class 1 and had hypertension had lower odds of nutritionist referral (OR = 0.3). Variations in HC primary care providers' weight management counseling practices between POW and POB present missed opportunities for consistent practice and early intervention. Assessing providers' counseling practices for patients with comorbid conditions is essential to the successful management of the obesity crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]