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Argues that a venue-shopping framework is best suited to account for the timing, form and content of European co-operation in the subject of migration and asylum policy in Europe. Internationalization of control; Vertical-policy-making as venue shopping; Conclusion.

Focuses on a study that explained the nature of the second reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) agreed by the European Council in March 1999. Background of the 1999 reform; Possible directions for further reform of the CAP; Conclusions.

Deals with a study which considered the extent and nature of the influence that the European Parliament had on legislation covered by the codecision provisions of the Maastricht Treaty. Impact of the codecision procedure; What made the European Parliament's influence possible; Forecast on the codecision procedure.

Analyzes the spread of regional trade agreements (RTA) in Europe. Description of RTA in force in Europe ad their evolution since the early 1960s; Problems associated with the existence of RTA; Possible solutions to the problems with RTA.

Evaluates the interest-group model against research into French policy-making across the history of integration and argues that French policies never clearly reflected this interest-group baseline. Common foundations of integration literature; Definition of French government interests in European Economic Community/Euratom and European monetary union; Historical patterns around the alternative foundations.

Offers a critical political economy analysis of the engagement of Europe with East Asia formalized through the Asia-Europe Meeting initiative in 1996. Globalization and regionalism; Creation of Europe's East Asian policy; Europe and the East Asian economic crisis; International competition and the role of multinational corporations; Conclusion.

Compares the impact of Europeanization on the territorial institutions of Germany and Spain. Conceptual considerations on Europeanization and domestic institutional change; Distribution of resources among the domestic actors in a given Member State; Fundamental ways in which domestic institutions matter; Factors to which the intrastate channels of access to European institutions are based.

Presents information on a study that examined the Member States of the European Union (EU) that have chosen to regain some of their lost trade sovereignty. Historical perspective of the EU trade policy; Details on the four stages of delegation in the EU; Data on international competitiveness in commercial services of the country from 1990to 1996; Consequences for the future conduct of the EU's trade policy.

Discusses the relevant explanatory concepts of European foreign policy (EFP) and organizes those concepts into a heuristically useful model that depicts the stimuli, processes and effect of EFP decision-making. Model of EFP decision-making; Details on EFP as a system of external relations; Significance of the EFP.

Presents information on a study which focused on the critical foundation for European monetary integration which is the neoliberal economic policy convergence that occurred many years back in European history. Ideas and policy concensus in monetary co-operation; Information on the macroecpnomic policy in Europe.

Focuses on a study that analyzed the politization of debate over European Monetary Union (EMU) in the period following the Maastricht summit. Emergence of domestic politics approaches; Definition of domestic politics; Theoretical explanations of EMU; Concept of domestic politics and its convergence.

Discusses a study that reviewed the divergences in both the practice and philosophy of corporate governance in Europe and summarizes the regulatory policy considerations at the national and European levels. Definition and interpretation of corporate governance; Debate on the national and European regulation on corporate governance; Conclusions.

Examines the evolution of European Community (EC) personal data protection policies. Context for EC action; European directive on personal data protection; Reactions to the proposed directive; Negotiations in the internal market council; Resolving the political impasse; Evaluation of financial impacts.

Analyzes the distribution of voting power in the Council of Ministers under different majority requirements in an enlarged European Union. Measuring influence; Banzhaf index; Research question; Distribution of voting power; Realistic enlargement scenarios; Member countries of the union.

Assesses the operation of the European Monetary System (EMS) from March 1979 to 1984. Factors contributing to success of the EMS; Aims and scope of EMS; Implications of the international monetary crisis of 1971; Large exchange rate changes resulting from divergent monetary policies.

Focuses on the introduction of a national industrial policy in Europe designed to support U.S. corporate activity. Establishment of objectives for the nation's aviation industry; European firms' tradition of success in the development and production of innovative aerospace products; Obstacles and opportunities of trade.

The article offers the author's perspective regarding the concerns involving the civilian power in Europe. The author provides an overview the shift in the power system from traditional military and political power to civilian power, and especially to economic power. He also tackles various topics including the balance of power in international relations, the need for military power in Europe, and the foreign relations between the United States and European countries. He also explores the problems of national security posed by the Soviet Union to Europe and the foreign policy of European states.

Discusses the concept of civilian power in Europe. Need for military power; Diverging interests with U.S.; Threat of Soviet Union to Europe.

Explores the influence of political elites and the mass society in the building of the European Economic Community (EEC). Effect of elite-mass relationships on legitimacy and working of EEC institutions; Popular indifference towards Europe; Level of public interest in Community affairs.

Discusses the need for a common shipping policy in Europe. Fleet capacity of the region; Impact of Greece's accession on the shipping industry of the region; Characteristics of the policy that will fit the European shipping trade.

Investigates the economic relations between members of the European Community and other nations associated with the region. Factors that influence the economic relations among the nations; Application of the constant market shares technique in examining the trade relations between Europe and neighboring countries.

Discusses the division of the legal system in Europe into Common Law and Civil Law. Theory of legal families; Factors vital for the style of a legal system; Factors of legal convergence.

Discusses the implications of a directly elected European Parliament for European community regional policy. Interrelationship between electoral and regional policy; Uncertainty surrounding the legislative powers of a directly elected European Parliament.

Assesses how direct elections fit into the pattern of political change within European Communities (EC). Concept of political integration; Factors that may constitute increased politicization; Initial blueprint for the institutional evolution of the EC.

Focuses on the concept of Eurocommunism. Contradictions and ambiguities surrounding the concept; Correlation between the European Communities and Eurocommunism; Factors that contributed to the existence of the Eurocommunism movement.

Focuses on the crisis in the oil refining industry in Europe. Evolution of the market; Complexity in the relations among actors in the industry; Problem of overcapacity of refining in Western Europe.

Discusses the history of economic integration in Europe. Cultural and technological advantages; Scale of technical and political power; Construction of common market.

Examines the cooperation between the international monetary system and Europe's monetary policy. Unilateral devaluation of dollar; Limits on convertibility of currency of international reserve center; Collapse of Bretton Woods system.

Examines the economic relations between Europe and Arab countries. Origins and development of Euro-Arab dialogue; Political sensitivity to U.S.; Focus of political cooperation.

Explores the economic integration of financial institutions in Europe. Comparison of financial systems of West Germany, France and Italy; Patterns of financial intermediation; Historical development of banking and deposit-taking institutions in Italy after 1860.

The article presents an analysis of British politics in relation to Europe. It focuses on the British policy regarding the post-war construction in Europe, noting how domestic politics may affect Great Britain's international relations. Consequences of the country' political difficulty are enumerated, suggesting to investigate such consequences and to further consider how the question of Europe may be integrated into the British politics. The process of domestic politics is defined as well as offers a description of the business of politics and the structure of politics. Also provided are various impairments of the British political system including inadequacy, corruption, and disloyalty.

The article focuses on the unification of national administrative elites and the European integration. It looks at the efforts of the government in constructing European unification. A survey was conducted which determines how bureaucratic factors and bureaucratic politics may influence national decisions of European integration. The result of the survey, which attempts to expose various motivational factors related to the process of political integration, particularly exploring the views of the public on the level and scope of community decision-making and regarded desirable goals, is examined.

Considers the industrial integration of eastern and central Europe into a twin process of transformation in the east and structural adaptation in the west. Examination of the conditions to which Europe must adapt; Changes made to corporate strategies in terms of industrial competition and International Production Networks (IPN); What was suggested by the strategies and production networks; Implications of the developments for European competitiveness.

Looks at the doctrine of supremacy of Community law in Europe, as envisioned by the European Court of Justice. Information on the theoretical model of the national legal system; Creation of the European Community law; Challenges faced by the state legal order following the initiation of the European Community law in 1968.

Offers an analysis of the emergence of the global system of law national legal orders in Europe. Creation of worldwide network of legal communications through globalization; Link between existing law and social processes; How existing law and social processes is likely to infract on the introduction of Community norms; Difficulties surrounding the transfer of Community norms.

Focuses on administrative law in Europe, highlighting the fact that it needs to be reassessed. Analyses of non-majoritarian, deliberative, heterarchical in relation to the neo-liberal European Union market; Role of the European Commission in determining legitimacy of law; Need for constitutional principles to eliminate dominance by the strongest interest in European Union market management.

Examines the European public policies for technology in the 1990s. Nature of technology; Trends towards generic technologies; Support for the science and technology infrastructure; Relationship between technology and competition; Policies to offset institutional failure; Cost of technology transfer and imitation.

Examines the social dimension of the labor market regulation in Europe. Social and labor market provisions of the Single European Act; Clash of labor market philosophies; Argument for a transnational system of labor market regulation; Likelihood of a community industrial relations system.

Proposes an alternative explanation of the existence and longevity of the European Monetary System (EMS). Need to understand monetary integration within the context of the mode of economic integration chose by the original European Community (EC) members; Contradiction between fluctuation internal exchange rates and the EC's Common Agricultural Policy.

Examines the theoretical arguments for a link between adjustment costs and intra-industry trade in the European Community. Review of studies of trends in intra-industry specialization in Western Europe and other developed countries; Evidence on trade and production specialization in the countries.

Analyzes the status of the European airline industry. Traditional system of regulation adopted by the region for airline services; Impact of deregulation on the airline industry; Problems facing the European airline industry.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the prospects facing the European SC industry. Section I explains the relatively poor international performance of European chip producers. It also assesses the competitive status of the industry in the mid-1980s. Section II describes three central features of Europe's resurgence in SCs: pan-European government IT initiatives (II.1); strategic alliances among the largest SC producers (II.2); and the emergence of innovative start-up companies (II.3). It is argued that Europe's changing fortunes are partly the result of the professionalization of the management of European firms, a side-effect of inward investment by US chip corporations during the 1960s and 1970s. Section III turns to the current challenges confronting European producers. These include: the survival of the start-up companies (III.1); competition from Japan, the US and Korea (III.2); conflicts between pan-European objectives and firm strategies (III.3); the need for export competitiveness (III.4); and the possible adverse effects of subsidy (III.5). Finally, Section IV assesses the position of the UK. While there may be good cause for European optimism, the UK is playing only a minor part in Europe's resurgence. Indeed, the UK is in danger of becoming a 'second tier' European economy in this area. In the future, this weakness may constrain UK industrial performance in the IT-intensive industries and in other industries which use SCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the way by which the European Parliament has made use of the political procedures introduced by the Single European Act. Provisions of the act; Impact of the assent and the co-operation procedures on the political structure of the region.

Examines the agricultural policy of Europe. Factors that influence the decision-making of the region in relation to agricultural issues; Political elements that affect agriculture in the region; Framework of the European Council of Agriculture Ministers' decision-making.

Examines the national incidence of the European Community budget. Provisions under the Fontainebleau Agreement; Role of the Own Resources System on the budgetary problem; Previous studies of budgetary incidence.

In an interesting article in this journal, Hans Gremmen (1985) put forward a test of Samuelson's factor price equalization theorem. His article was a reaction to an analysis by Tovias, also published in this journal some years ago. The latter had posed himself the question whether factor prices had tended to converge in the EC since the Rome Treaty had become effective. Calculations of the coefficient of variation of intra-industry wage differentials in the EC for the years since 1958 led Tovias to conclude that convergence had indeed taken place until 1968 but that after that year wages had tended to diverge again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the implications of the Luxembourg Patent Convention for the European Economic Community internal market. Direct and negative impact of differences in intellectual property laws on intra-Community trade; Industrial property rights and the principle of territoriality; Unification of European patent law.

Examines the experience of the countries of the Mediterranean basin with the European Community (EC) tariff preferences. Benefits of tariff preferences; Comparative examination of the export performance of the beneficiary Mediterranean countries; Evaluation of the impact of the EC tariff preferences on export growth, diversification and foreign direct investment diversion.

Examines the political economy of integration in Europe. Albert and Ball's report in the economic policy in the European Community (EC); Laisser-faire attitude of some liberal economists; Social-market economy; Tendency of governments that adhere to liberal economics to emphasize completion of the internal market.