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In this study, the combinatorial shoreline and land-use/cover (LULC) changes in the shoreline and basin of Terkos Lake were examined using Landsat satellite images taken in 1986, 2001, and 2009. Terkos Lake is one of seven freshwater-supplying reservoirs of Istanbul, and its borders are very close to the Black Sea. Terkos Lake is in danger because of the approach of its borders to the Black Sea. Changes in the lake's shoreline have been measured using an algorithm based on a hybrid region growing image-segmentation method. The LULC changes have been monitored using object-oriented image-processing software to provide understanding of the impact of these changes on the shoreline. Overall accuracy of the classification reached 92% for 1986, 94% for 2001, and 93% for 2009. The maximum shoreline change measured was 280 m in 23 years. Also, the obtained shoreline and LULC changes have been integrated into the long-term analysis of wave and wind characteristics and sediment-transport calculations. The calculations have been validated with shoreline changes, which have been automatically extracted from Landsat satellite images. The basic outcomes and proposals have been suggested to deal with uncontrolled human activities in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Do, A.T.K.; de Vries, S., and Stive, M.J.F., 2019. The estimation and evaluation of shoreline locations, shoreline-change rates, and coastal volume changes derived from Landsat images. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(1), 56–71. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Shoreline-change data are of primary importance for understanding coastal erosion and deposition as well as for studying coastal morphodynamics. Shoreline extraction from satellite images has been used as a low-cost alternative and as an addition to traditional methods. In this work, satellite-derived shorelines and corresponding shoreline-change rates and changes in volumes of coastal sediments have been estimated and evaluated for the case of the data-rich North-Holland coast. This coast is globally unique for its long in situ monitoring record and provides a perfect case to evaluate the potential of shoreline mapping techniques. A total of 13 Landsat images and 233 observed cross-shore profiles (from the JAaRlijkse KUStmeting [JARKUS] database) between 1985 and 2010 have been used in this study. Satellite-derived shorelines are found to be biased in seaward direction relative to the JARKUS-derived shorelines, with an average ranging 8 m to 9 m over 25 years. Shoreline-change rates have been estimated using time series of satellite-derived shorelines and applying linear regression. The satellite-derived shoreline-change rates show a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.78) when compared with the JARKUS-derived shoreline-change rates over a period of 20 and 25 years. Volume changes were calculated from the satellite-derived shoreline-change rates using assumptions defining a closure depth. Satellite-derived volume changes also show a good agreement with JARKUS-based values. Satellite-derived shorelines compare better with in situ data on beaches that have intertidal zone widths ranging from one- to two-pixel sizes (30 m–60 m). The results show that the use of Landsat images for deriving shorelines, shoreline-change rates, and volume changes have accuracies comparable to observed JARKUS-based values when considering decadal scales of measurements. This shows the potential of applying Landsat images to monitor shoreline change and coastal volume change over decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bracero Marrero, L.I.M., 2024. Analysis of shoreline change in Loíza, Puerto Rico (1902–2018). Journal of Coastal Research, 40(6), 1080–1089. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Shoreline change analysis is one of the most common methods used to analyze the morphological change—accretional or erosional—in coastal areas. Seven years of shoreline positions (1902, 1931, 1951, 1977, 1990, 2010, and 2018) were analyzed inside the Digital Shoreline Analysis System to measure the shoreline change in Loíza, Puerto Rico. The main results indicated increasing erosional rates for the study area as time passed, with recent events interrupting the pattern. For the periods 1951–77, 1977–90, and 1990–2010, statistics supported the hypothesis that erosional rates were dominant, whereas the periods 1902–31, 1931–51, and 2010–18 were dominated by accretional rates of change. Anthropogenic impacts (i.e. sand extraction events and dam construction) were reflected in the results of 1951–77 and 1977–90, with higher erosion rates and negative outliers. Accretional rate outliers in the latest period, 2010–18, are possibly the result of Hurricane María in 2017, when heavy rains and high river discharge increased the sediment input into the shoreline. This study showed previously unrecorded rate change data for 116 years in Loíza, Puerto Rico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a segmentation-based, image processing method to automate the extraction of tidal datum referenced shorelines from airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data. The method first segments a LIDAR digital elevation model (DEM) into a binary image, consisting of land and water pixels, by intersecting the LIDAR DEM and the tidal datum surface. A chain of image processing algorithms, including region grouping and labeling, two passes of image region scanning, a mathematical morphology operation, line tracing, and vectorization, is sequentially applied to the segmented binary image. Our applications to the upper Texas gulf coast show that the method is efficient, accurate, objective, and replicable. Spatially detailed shorelines can be derived from the LIDAR data with minimal human intervention. The method is a substantial technical improvement over standard cross-shore profile and contouring methods. We also examine and quantify the effects of vertical measurement error of the LIDAR system and the uncertainty in tidal datum determination on the shoreline extraction process using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The Monte Carlo technique allows confidence intervals and summary error statistics to be calculated for each section of the extracted shoreline. Our analysis suggests that the horizontal position of the MHW shoreline derived from the LIDAR data is accurate within 4.5 m at the 95% confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruno, M.F.; Molfetta M.G.; Mossa, M., Nutricato, R., Morea, A., and Chiaradia, M.T., 2016. Coastal observation through Cosmo-SkyMed high-resolution SAR images. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 795-799. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The study deals with the application and further improvement of an advanced Earth Observation system, named COSMO-Beach, developed for semi-automatic shoreline extraction and coastal morphology identification. The system exploits SAR Single-Look-Complex data acquired by the COSMO-SkyMed constellation, which is able to provide X-band images with a short revisiting time. The implemented procedures have been tested over a very popular beach in Apulia Region (Italy), affected by erosion problems induced by human activities. The outcomes of the COSMO-Beach system are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gharnate, A.; Taouali, O., and Mhammdi, N., 2024. Shoreline change assessment of the Moroccan Atlantic coastline using DSAS techniques. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(2), 418–435. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal zones are critical from a physical, social, and economic point of view; however, most of the world's coastal zones are highly vulnerable to coastal erosion because of high population density, tourist attractions, and developed economies. To support mitigation strategies, a coastal erosion vulnerability assessment is essential to generate accurate information on this significant phenomenon. This study presents an integrated approach to coastal erosion vulnerability using a geospatial assessment of coastal dynamics in the Moroccan Atlantic coastal region between Rabat and Casablanca. To contribute to current and future knowledge of the study area's coastline dynamics, a cartographical and statistical approach was used to calculate historical rates of coastline change using aerial photos and satellite images from 1969 to 2022. To accomplish this, the images have been followed by the digitalization of the coastlines, as contained in the images created by using software ArcGIS10.8. These digitalized shorelines were subsequently incorporated into the digital shoreline analysis system, which provided multidate maps with graphical end point–rate (EPR) values. The results for Oued Cherrat estuary and the adjacent sandy beach indicate a general phase of erosion, with the average overall EPR value having reached –2.00 m/y, with the notable exception of a small part of the sandy beach, where progradation manifested itself in the form of an EPR value of +0.10 m/y. The Oued Nfifikh estuary is showing more erosion than the Oued Cherrat estuary. The retreat has affected the greater part of the area, reaching a maximum EPR speed of –5.00 m/y, with the possible exception of a smaller portion that has seen the shoreline progress at an average speed equal to +0.75 m/y. The resulting data may be used by the appropriate authorities to help effectively protect coastlines from erosion and to mitigate its impact on the environment and coastal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jayson-Quashigah, P-N., Appeaning Addo, K. and Kufogbe, S.K., 2013. Shoreline monitoring using medium resolution satellite imagery, a case study of the eastern coast of Ghana. Shoreline change analysis provides important information upon which most coastal zone management and intervention policies rely. Such information is however mostly scarce for large and inaccessible shorelines largely due to expensive field work. This study investigated the potential of medium resolution satellite imagery for mapping shoreline positions and for estimating historic rate of change. Both manual and semi-automatic shoreline extraction methods for multi-spectral satellite imageries were explored. Five shoreline positions were extracted for 1986, 1991, 2001, 2007 and 2011 covering a medium term of 25 years period. Rates of change statistics were calculated using the End Point Rate and Weighted Linear Regression methods. Approximately 283 transects were cast at simple right angles along the entire coast at 200m interval. Uncertainties were quantified for the shorelines ranging from ±4.1m to ±5.5m. The results show that the Keta shoreline is a highly dynamic feature with average rate of erosion estimated to be about 2m/year ±0.44m. Individual rates along some transect reach as high as 16m/year near the estuary and on the east of the Keta Sea Defence site. The study confirms earlier rates of erosion calculated for the area and also reveals the influence of the Keta Sea Defence Project on erosion along the eastern coast of Ghana. The research shows that shoreline change can be estimated using medium resolution satellite imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabehi, W.; El Amin Larabi, M.; Benabbou, O.; Kreri, S., and Dellani, H., 2023. Sandy beach mapping using a deep learning approach: Potential method for automated monitoring of Algerian coastal erosion. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 949–959. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Highly exposed to the Algerian stream and the growing sea level rise, the occidental Mediterranean basin is undergoing a repetitive case of erosion, especially on the Algerian coast where the sandy beaches are the most vulnerable due to the lack of their sediment supplies, a phenomenon caused by several factors such oueds/river stations and dams (sediment holders), but also the extinction of sediment sources such coastal dune eroded by extensive urbanization. In this critical situation of clear ecosystem imbalance, spatial mapping of sandy beaches is the first, key step for overall erosion monitoring on the Algerian coast; indeed, even complicated because of the radiometric similarity with several land cover classes such as artificialized and bare areas. The classical classifiers used in remote sensing are often enhanced by manual correction to provide an optimal result, which is time-consuming and cannot be reproducible in multidate mode as an automatic approach for the scientific community. Instead, deep learning methods can provide an efficient and quick tool for the extraction of sandy beach areas using a massif sampling despite the geomorphological variability of beach's sand. The aim of this contribution is to provide a large-scale cartography of sandy beaches over all the Algerian coast using a reproducible approach and open access data (Sentinel-2) to provide a largely missing national data and also to report the efficiency of this technic to the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Habti, M.Y.; Zayoun, A.; Zahra, S.F.; Raissouni, A., and El Arrim, A., 2022. Shoreline change analysis along the Tahaddart Coast (NW Morocco): A remote sensing and statistics-based approach. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(6), 1116–1127. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastal areas are increasingly becoming vulnerable because of natural processes, such as climate change and sea-level change, or man-made effects. In Morocco, these areas are exposed to increasing risks and thus undergoing significant changes characterized by erosion or accretion of the shorelines. The following research outlines the changes for a shoreline length of approximately 17 km on the Tahaddart coast (NW of Morocco), based on an analysis of different shoreline rates. The latter was estimated by automatic analytical techniques using datasets of short and long-term aerial photos and satellite images (between 1972 and 2019) over 47 years. Remote sensing tools and GIS, with its extension digital shoreline analysis system, were used jointly for the evaluation of the shoreline changes during the period of the study. The approaches used in this research to assess the Tahaddart coast changes are the net shoreline movement, endpoint rate, linear regression rate, and weighted linear regression rate. These net rate changes of coastline have been calculated, also on three intervals of times (1972–81, 1981–97, 1997–2019). To facilitate the calculations, this study area was divided into four sectors to analyze Haouara Beach, the Tahaddart littoral spit, the Breich Beach, and the Oued Ghrifa estuary. The result shows that over a period of 47 years (1972 and 2019), more than 87% of the coast was eroded, whereas the remaining 13% endured accretion. This study emphasizes the challenges faced in representing coastline changes and reveals the intensity of the shoreline changes along the Tahaddart coast, which implies the setup and implementation of integrated management, effective environmental protection, and sustainable utilization of coastlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Façanha, M.C.; Albuquerque, M.G.; Paula, D.P.; Leisner, M.M.; Espinoza, J.M.A.; Vasconcelos, Y.G.; Alves, D.C.L., and de Sá, L., 2024. Medium-term analysis of coastal cliff retreat change at Pacheco beach, northeastern Brazil. In: Phillips, M.R.; Al-Naemi, S., and Duarte, C.M. (eds.), Coastlines under Global Change: Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2024 (Doha, Qatar). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 113, pp. 335-340. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastal zone has a variety of landforms, such as gently sloping beaches and cliffs. Erosion of the cliffs can threaten infrastructure, leisure resources, public safety and coastal transportation. In this sense, this study sought to use aerophotogrammetry techniques, based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images, to understand the morphodynamic behavior of sedimentary cliffs located on an urban coastal stretch in northeastern Brazil (Pacheco beach, Caucaia-CE). The method applied was based on a protocol of techniques applied in the analysis of cliff morphodynamics using UAVs - (i) obtaining ground control points; (ii) programmed flights; (iii) orthorectification of photographs; (iv) topographic maps; (v) data integration and analysis using transects and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), which made it possible to delineate cliff top indicators and determine their evolution in the medium term (May/2021 - April/2024). Os resultados indicam mudanças morfológicas severas em um trecho de 700 m de falésias sedimentares, com padrões de erosão consistentes. The results indicate severe morphological changes in a 700m stretch of sedimentary cliffs, with consistent erosion patterns. The line defined for the top of the cliff showed erosion over 100% of its length, with a total retreat of -5.7m between May/21 and April/24, with an average monthly rate of -0.16m. The cliff retreat prognosis for 10 and 20 years shows an eroded land area of 1.22 ha and 2.63 ha, respectively. Pacheco's sedimentary cliffs are susceptible to marine (e.g. wave abrasion) and sub-aerial (e.g. rain, wind) processes that act on a friable sedimentary material (sand-clay), leading to episodes of mass movement. In this way, the cliff top indicator proves to be a reliable indicator of the retreat and evolutionary behavior of this type of coastal relief, highlighting the portions most vulnerable to erosion, i.e. areas where built infrastructure is impacted. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of studies that understand the evolution of cliffs, which helps in appropriate and sustainable coastal management measures that avoid disasters, devaluation of properties and threats to human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DaSilva, M.; Miot da Silva, G.; Hesp, P.A.; Bruce, D.; Keane, R., and Moore, C., 2021. Assessing shoreline change using historical aerial and RapidEye satellite imagery (Cape Jaffa, South Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, 37(3), 468–483. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastal zone is a dynamic area which can experience substantial natural change in short time periods, but changes are also associated with human modifications to the coastline. This case study is focused around assessing shoreline change associated with the Cape Jaffa Marina and canal estate in South Australia. The research comprises a GIS based analysis of shoreline change utilising aerial imagery from 1975 to 2005, which provides information of the morphological coastal trends prior to construction in 2008 of the marina/canal estate. In addition, imagery collected by the RapidEye satellite constellation was used to assess shoreline changes in the decade since construction, 2009 to 2019. The shoreline change statistics over the past few decades were calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System extension of ESRI's ArcGIS. The image analysis workflow is based on the objective extraction of shoreline proxies from individual image statistics in a semi-automated process and is used to identify the waterline and edge of vegetation shoreline proxies in a time series analysis. The results provide a case study of a historically progradational sandy coastline experiencing substantial amounts of alongshore sediment transport, the corresponding obstruction from coastal infrastructure, and the resulting morphological changes to the Cape Jaffa shoreline. Shoreline change trends were altered from a predominantly accretional shoreline before the construction of the marina to one oscillating between extremes of erosion and accretion. The results showed significant accretion occurring updrift (Net Shore Movement (NSM) of 106 m) and significant erosion downdrift (NSM of –80 m) of the marina's training walls and entrance. The information derived from Earth observation satellites, such as RapidEye, can provide valuable insights into trend analysis due to their relatively high spatial (5 metre) and temporal resolution (5.5-day revisit). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hossain, M.S.; Muslim, A.M.; Pour, A.B.; Mohamad, M.N.; Alam, S.M.R.; Nadzri, M.I., and Khalil, I., 2021. Mapping different types of shorelines from coarse-resolution imagery: Fuzzy classification method can deliver greater accuracy. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(2), 433–441. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal zones are among the most structurally complex ecosystems, though their complex shorelines are threatened because of both natural and anthropocentric influences. There are a smaller number of studies that dealt with developing remote-sensing techniques for detecting and mapping different shoreline types (ST) using coarse-resolution imagery. This study examined fuzzy c-means (FCM), wavelet interpolation, and fuzzy maximum likelihood to map shorelines over Seberang Takir (Malaysia) for different STs. These three fuzzy classification methods were applied to simulated IKONOS (with 16- and 32-m spatial resolutions) image covering the four STs. The positional accuracy of shorelines was assessed in terms of root mean square error (RMSE). The visual inspection and RMSE values showed that variations in accuracies were evident, predominantly due to differences in STs; fuzzy algorithm improved the accuracy. FCM can predict shoreline positions with greater accuracy than the other two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jaramillo, C.; Sánchez-García, E.; Jara, M.-S.; González, M., and Palomar-Vázquez, J.M., 2020. Subpixel satellite-derived shorelines as valuable data for equilibrium shoreline evolution models. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(6), 1215–1228. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The analysis and prediction of shoreline variability are two of the main challenges in coastal engineering. Evaluating coastal behaviour in a target area usually requires access to long data series of high-resolution shoreline positions. Therefore, coastal engineers must have access to different data sources, such as topographic-bathymetric field campaigns, digital orthophotos, aerial photographs, video-camera monitoring systems, and satellite imagery. This last data source is the only one that has the great advantage of covering large areas of the world and including regular coverage of most coasts during all climates and seasons. However, mid-resolution satellite images have been neglected because the resolution available to the public is too coarse to provide information on most coastal morphodynamic changes. The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of mid-resolution satellite imagery with a subpixel acquisition method for the calibration and validation of equilibrium shoreline evolution models. The models' performance was assessed by means of a comparative analysis between shoreline-position data sets obtained from video-camera systems and satellite imagery at two beaches on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Almost 4 months of shoreline measurements were considered for validation purposes of the models at Nova Icaria Beach, and more than 1.5 years of shoreline measurements were analyzed at Cala Millor Beach. The results show that the general erosion-accretion trend is adequately represented by the models compared to the shoreline measurements at a qualitative and quantitative level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volto, N. and Duvat, V.K.E., 2020. Applying directional filters to satellite imagery for the assessment of tropical cyclone impacts on Atoll Islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(4), 732–740. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper highlights the major insights provided by directional filters using ENVI® software for detecting and mapping cyclone-generated accretional features and analyzing postcyclone sediment reworking. It relies on the study of the impacts of category 5 tropical cyclone Fantala (April 2016) on Farquhar Atoll, Seychelles Islands. Using directional filters first allowed the detecting and mapping of terrestrial (sediment sheets, sediment lobes) and intertidal (shingle and rubble tongues, sediment sheets, sandbars) depositional features. It also helped with highlighting spatial-temporal variations in the postcyclone reorganization of reef flat deposits. One year after the cyclone, along the rectilinear shoreline of elongate islands (i.e. North Island and South Island), massive reef-to-island sediment transfer had already caused the dismantling of cyclone-generated features and beach readjustment; however, in places, newly formed cyclone features exhibited limited dismantling. In contrast, at the island tips, the reworking of postcyclone sediment deposits was still ongoing, explaining still rather limited beach readjustment. The results advocate for the use of remote sensing techniques that complement fieldwork and multidate shoreline change assessment to promote more comprehensive analyses of tropical cyclones' impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu, Y.; Li, X., and Hou, X., 2020. Spatiotemporal changes to the river channel and shoreline of the Yellow River Delta during a 40-year period (1976–2017). Journal of Coastal Research, 36(1), 128–138. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastal zone is a sensitive region affected by both human activities and climate change. The shoreline is a crucial component of coastal zones. Shoreline monitoring research has a vital role in managing and protecting coastal ecosystems and communities. This study focuses on measurements of morphological change in the Yellow River channel and the Yellow River Delta (YRD) shoreline during a 40-year period. The lower reaches of the Yellow River continuously changed because of silting, stretching, lifting, swinging, and avulsion, to ultimately, changing course. The location of the mouth of the Yellow River was directly influenced by the swinging and the artificial avulsion. Overall, the shoreline expanded seaward at a decreasing rate over time, but it exhibited distinctively different patterns in two subregions (Diaokou and Qingshuigou). The shoreline in Diaokou displayed a trend of retreating inland, whereas the shoreline in Qingshuigou expanded rapidly towards the sea. The rate of change was greatest near the river mouth. An upward trend in the shape index was found across the YRD and its subregions, reflecting the shoreline becoming more complex over time. Human activities will become an increasingly important factor affecting the development and evolution of the YRD. This study should be useful for coastal engineers, coastal managers, and policy makers in the YRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jo, Y.-H.; Kim, H.-C.; Hu, C.; Klemas, V.V., and Turpie, K.R., 2019. Potential applications of HyspIRI for the observation of sea-margin processes. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(1), 227–239. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission will observe the effects of future environmental changes upon the world's ecosystems. Among other applications, this paper reviews three different sea-margin processes that can be monitored by the HyspIRI spectrometer, i.e. groundwater and surface-water discharge, meltwater-pond formation, and shoreline delineation. Groundwater and surface-water discharge to coastal regions affects local ecological conditions through changes in the local temperature, salinity, and nutrient load. Water-quality changes and temperature variability resulting from such discharge can be estimated from observation in the visible-to-shortwave-infrared (VSWIR) and the mid- and thermal-infrared (TIR) regions, respectively. The processes of meltwater forming ponds and entering the sea have unique ecological characteristics and are of additional interest because they are also highly subject to climate change. HyspIRI can use TIR to observe the spatial distribution of meltwater, whereas its VSWIR spectrometer can be used to quantify the changes of phytoplankton pigments (e.g., chlorophyll a). Quantifying seamargin changes requires accurate delineation of margin positions wherein tidal influence is minimal. Since the HyspIRI VSWIR data cover a wide spectral range and offer high spatial resolution, they are particularly suitable for shoreline delineation/change detection, as well as flood mapping. The signal-to-noise ratio of HyspIRI is expected to be comparable to that of the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean and much higher than that of Hyperion and Landsat Enhanced Thermal Mapper Plus, making it suitable for studying optically complex coastal aquatic environments. Herein, using examples from existing satellite sensors, HyspIRI's potential to study these complex sea-margin processes is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Jara, M.S.; González, M.; Medina, R., and Jaramillo, C., 2018. Time-varying beach memory applied to cross-shore shoreline evolution modelling. A new cross-shore Shoreline Evolution Model Based on the Equilibrium Wave Energy—the SE-WE Model—is presented in this article. This simple model predicts the shoreline position S as the equilibrium shoreline response under a specific wave forcing, i.e. the proposed Equilibrium Wave Energy (Eeq) is computed as a weighted average of antecedent wave conditions, according to a new formulation. This new approach allows for the prediction of S at any time from a small fragment of the incident wave-energy time series as the only input of the model. In contrast, previous, similar models needed to evaluate the entire time series from an initial shoreline position to the target time. The proposed model addresses shoreline changes derived from wave-driven, cross-shore sediment transport. Consequently, the SE-WE Model has limited applicability in beaches in which the gradient in the longshore sediment transport or the longshore sediment transport itself are not negligible. The time frame considered for the computation of Eeq refers to the set of antecedent wave conditions having significant influence on the current shoreline position and, therefore, alludes to a certain beach memory (BM). In contrast to existing, similar models, the SE-WE Model BM varies over time. This time-varying BM is in agreement with observations in which high wave energy events erase all trace of past configurations of the beach (“short beach memory”), whereas at the same beach, the effects of past events usually remain after long periods of calm conditions (“long beach memory”). Results from the SE-WE Model applied at the beach of Nova Icaria, Spain, show a good agreement with observations. Additionally, the new model is compared with existing similar models, showing remarkably similar skills in spite of the differences in model approach and model input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Kim, C.H.; Kim, H.W.; Park, C.H.; Kim, W.H.; Lee, M.H.; Choi, S.Y., and Do, J.D., 2018. Coastline change measurement using shipborne mobile LiDAR in Anmok Beach, Gangneung, Korea. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 601–605. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal areas, used as human utilization areas like leisure space, medical care, ports, and power plants, etc., are regions that are continuously changing and interconnected with ocean and land. Regular monitoring of coastline changes is essential at key locations with such volatility. For effective monitoring coastal changes, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) has constructed a shipborne mobile LiDAR system. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system, installed in a research vessel, comprised a terrestrial LiDAR (RIEGL LMS-420i), an IMU (MAGUS Inertial+), a RTKGNSS (LEICA GS15 GS25), and a fixed platform. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system is much more effective than terrestrial LiDAR systems for the measurements without shadow zones in foreshore areas. We conducted coast area measurements at January 2016 (winter season) and September 2016 (summer season) in Anmok Beach, Gangneung, Korea. The study area is located in the north of the Gangneung port. Coastal erosion occurs frequently in the study area and coastal terrain changes continuously. Based on the measured mobile LiDAR data, the coastline of the Anmok Beach was extracted. Compared to the winter coastline, the summer coastline has undergone many changes. The shoreline curvature of the summer was larger than that of the winter and the summer coastline alternated between landward migration and seaward migration in the northern part of the study area. In the southern part, the landward migration of the shoreline mainly appeared. The concomitant wave data, including wave directions, significant wave height, and energy spectrum, showed strong correlation with the coastline change. The statistical results of high wave data indicated that high waves coming from NNE and NE in winter and from ENE in summer were dominant. Effective monitoring of the coastline changes using the shipborne mobile LiDAR system will be able to contribute to coastal erosion management and response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee, C.K. and Yun, K., 2023. Time-series forecasting of topographical changes on Byunsan Beach in South Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 255-259. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Tides continuously affect the intertidal zone, erosion and deposition are caused by cataclysmic events such as hurricanes and typhoons in coastal areas, leading to a variety of issues. In particular, recent land reclamation, the creation of man-made islands, land expansion, and the construction of coastal power plants as a result of various forms of coastal development may distort the sedimentary environment to attain a new equilibrium state. As a result, there may be a shift in the external forcing on the coastal environment, which may restrict the supply of soil or alter its movement. The Saemangeum reclamation project is a large-scale project that involves building a 33.9 Km embankment from Buan to Bieung-do, Kunsan, and reclaiming the nearby land of 291 km2. This has been ongoing since the start of the seawall construction in the central coastal area of the west coast of the Korean Peninsula in 1991. This study observed and predicted the long-term topographical changes at Byeonsan Beach in Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, using aerial photography and drone-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected over a period of nine years. This was accomplished using the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) difference approach based on raster operations using the DEM derived from the source data to estimate the change in elevation and volume for each period. The error propagation equation was also used to calculate the probability-based volume change for the inherent error of each data source. As a result, the Region of Interest (ROI) experienced 18,847 m3 depositions between 2014 and 2022, with the area affected comprising 92.3% of the ROI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evadzi, P.I.K.; Zorita, E., and Hünicke, B., 2017. Quantifying and predicting the contribution of sea-level rise to shoreline change in Ghana: Information for coastal adaptation strategies. The purpose of this study is to estimate the contribution of sea-level rise (SLR) in Ghana over the last decades and provide an estimation of shoreline retreat due to the projections of regional SLR. This study first analyzes historical shoreline change in Ghana from 1974 to 2015 using satellite images and orthophotos. Second, this study quantifies the SLR contribution to historical shoreline change using sea-level trend estimates from satellite observations, results from digital elevation model analysis, and shoreline change rates. This study finally makes predictions of shoreline in Ghana on the basis of modified Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios for Ghana. On average, sea level has risen by about 5.3 cm over the last 21 years and accounts for only 31% of the observed annual coastal erosion rate (about 2 m/y) in Ghana. On the basis of the projected model ensemble-mean rise in sea-level (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 RCPs) scenarios and assuming that SLR will also contribute to 31% of shoreline retreat in the future, by the year 2025, about 6.6, 4.7, and 5.8 m of coastland in Ghana with lowest slope range (0-0.4%) are projected to be inundated respectively. These projected changes increase to 19.8, 20.7, and 24.3 m by 2050 and further to 36.6, 51.6, and 83.9 m by 2100 for the 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 RCPs respectively. The analysis that separates sea-level contribution to coastal change from other contributing factors could provide useful information about climate impact for coastal adaptation strategies. This study, however, recommends further research into the anthropogenic and other factors that contribute about 69% of the annual erosion rate in Ghana to help improve adaptation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crapoulet, A., Héquette, A., Levoy, F. and Bretel, P., 2016. Using LiDAR topographic data for identifying coastal areas of northern France vulnerable to sea-level rise. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1067 - 1071. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A major portion of the coast of northern France consists of wide macrotidal beaches and coastal dunes protecting low-lying backshore areas (mostly reclaimed lands) from marine flooding. Although the shoreline was stable or even prograded seaward in places during the last decades, several coastal areas underwent severe erosion during the same period, while flooding sporadically occurred locally during major storms. A study of the potential impacts of sea-level rise on the coast of northern France was conducted based on airborne LiDAR topographic data collected from 2008 to 2014. Mapping of areas at risk of erosion and flooding during storm-induced events associated with high water level with a 100-year return period by 2050 was carried out using high water level statistics derived from tide gauge measurements, offshore wave climate statistics, and a sea-level rise projection based on RCP6.0 scenario (IPCC, 2013). Wave run-up was computed based on the Cariolet and Suanez (2013) equation developed for macrotidal beaches and using beach topographic profiles extracted from the LiDAR data. Results show that marine flooding would still be limited in 2050 even with a higher sea-level, but reveal that coastal dune erosion will most likely be widespread (Fig. 1). However, our study also shows that if coastal retreat proceeds during the next decades at the same or higher rates as today, several coastal dune systems will be entirely eroded in the near future, which would result in extensive storm-induced marine flooding in several coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anderson, T.R.; Frazer, L.N., and Fletcher, C.H., 2015. Long-term shoreline change at Kailua, Hawaii, using regularized single transect. Traditional long-term (decadal) and large-scale (hundreds of kilometers) shoreline change modeling techniques, known as single transect, or ST, often overfit the data because they calculate shoreline statistics at closely spaced intervals along the shore. To reduce overfitting, recent work has used spatial basis functions such as polynomials, B splines, and principal components. Here, we explore an alternative to such basis functions by using regularization to reduce the dimension of the ST model space. In our regularized-ST method, traditional ST is an end member of a continuous spectrum of models. We use an evidence information criterion (EIC = −2 times the log of the prior predictive distribution) to select the optimal value of the regularization parameter, instead of the usual L-curve method, because the EIC can also be used to evaluate basis function models yet does not require counting model parameters. To test the method, we apply it to historical shoreline data from Kailua, Hawaii, comparing the results with those from B splines (basis functions) and traditional ST. As expected, the regularized-ST and B-spline models both give shoreline change rates that vary more smoothly alongshore than the rates from ST. The regularized-ST model, along with the B-spline model, also shows significantly better predictive capability over the traditional ST model from a fivefold cross-validation. The regularized-ST model is more straightforward to implement than splines and may be attractive to users because of its continuous connection with the familiar ST method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cho, J.H., Cho, J.M., Yun, H.S., Kim, T.W., Kim, C.W., 2013. A Study of Shoreline Changes in Antarctica (Terra Nova Bay) Based on SAR Data Unlike optical imaging, Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging can produce images regardless of the weather and the time of day, which makes it a useful tool for collecting topographical data in tropical rainforests and in the North and South Poles, where traditional optical imaging is ineffective due to the rapidly changing weather. For this study, this researcher acquired SAR imagery of Terra Nova Bay, located near the South Pole, from October 8, 2011 to March 11, 2012 to observe the changes in its shoreline in summer. SAR imagery was captured once every 11th day to determine the exact time in summer when the glaciers and ice along the shore melt. The acquired stereo SAR imagery data were then processed by applying the radargrammetric method along the shoreline to reduce the speckles specific to the SAR data, and to ensure the accuracy of the coordinates and the size of the satellite imagery, before converting them to DEM at 10m intervals, which again generated orthorectified imagery. The generated orthorectified images were then converted to a digital map with the UTM coordinate system via vectorizing, which visually represented on the map the changes that took place in the shoreline in summer.The study showed that the region was covered with ice from March to early November, which affected the activity in the base, including the access of the ice breaker. Due to the warming climate, there was no sea ice in the Terra Nova Bay for about a month in February. The ice in that area started to melt on November 21 and froze again on February 28. Accordingly, it was concluded that the best time to access the South Pole to build the Antarctic base is mid-December, and the construction crew must evacuate the area no later than March to ensure the safety of the mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is mandated to map the national shoreline, which is depicted on NOAA nautical charts, serves as an important source in determining territorial limits, and is widely used in various coastal science and management applications. The National Geodetic Survey's primary method of mapping the national shoreline is through stereo compilation from tide-coordinated aerial photography. However, over the past decade, NGS has conducted several phases of research to develop, test, and refine light detection and ranging (LIDAR)-based shoreline mapping procedures. Although important, reliable estimates of uncertainty of these products have, unfortunately, lagged behind in development. We attempt here to outline possible solutions to this lack. Specifically, this study presents and compares two new methods of assessing the uncertainty of NGS' LIDAR-derived shoreline: an empirical (ground-based) approach and a stochastic (Monte Carlo) approach. We observe uncertainties in the horizontal position of the shorelines on the order of 1 to 6 m (95%) depending on location and, especially, beach slope. We show that appropriate adjustment for biases can reduce these to about 1 m (95%) and that the two methods of assessing the uncertainty show good agreement in our test cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents our observation and analysis results of coastal three-dimensional morphological changes using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) light detection and range (LiDAR) data. The study area is located in Assateague Island National Seashore, along a 63 km stretch of Assateague Island on the Eastern Shore of Virginia and Maryland. Digital elevation models from LiDAR data over various time intervals, e.g., year-to-year (1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998- 2000), season-to-season (September, January), and multiyear (1996-2000), were created to test our analysis methods. Six sections in our study area were partitioned in accordance with their historical changes and coastal conditions. Three profiles of each section were extracted from the digital elevation models, and the spatial patterns and volumetric amounts of erosion and deposition of each section on a cell-by-cell basis were calculated. The means of volumetric net change per unit area (m3/m2) of each section were derived. With the analysis of the deposition, erosion, or no change of the study area, the spatial patterns of three-dimensional morphological change pattern can be traced in both detailed and broad extent over varying time periods and frequencies. The analyzed results discovered that the two ends of the island experienced the most significant erosion and deposition, with the changes gradually decreasing toward the middle of the island. The south end of the island had the largest amount of erosion (16,274 m3). The recommendation for light LiDAR data collection frequency is also made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yun, K.; Lee, C.K.; He, G., and Park, B.W., 2021. Monitoring of shoreline change at Chollipo Beach in South Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 469–473. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Natural coastal shorelines change constantly due to various phenomena such as tides, waves, and weather. Shoreline change data are important for coastal management, which deals with issues including coastal erosion and sedimentation trends and setbacks. It has been reported that Chollipo Beach in Taeangun, Chungnamdo, in the western part of South Korea, has been progressively sedimented over the past years. In this study, a photogrammetric analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of the shoreline of Chollipo Beach over twenty years. In the analysis, photogrammetric aerial triangulation using old digital aerial images from 1986 and unmanned aerial vehicle images from 2020 were considered. In addition, network GPS surveying was performed for the acquisition of ground control points in the bundle adjustments stage. Finally, a digital surface model and mosaicked orthoimages were generated. For the analysis, contour lines and beach profiles were extracted. The analysis results show that over 25 years, the shorelines moved towards the sea by a maximum distance of 100 m and deposited sands reached a height of 1.84 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdurrahman, U.; Diastomo, H.; Avrionesti; Surya, M.Y.; Badriana, M.R.; Suprijo, T., and Park, H., 2021. Comprehensive analysis of coastal dynamics in Cirebon Coastal Area (CCA), Indonesia. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 444–448. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Cirebon Coastal Area (CCA), which covers Cirebon City and Cirebon District, is an area located on the north coast of Java Island, Indonesia. The area was among the coastal areas with a high-density population in Indonesia. Human activities in this area, which are dominated by industries, fisheries, and agriculture, strongly influenced the coastal environmental conditions. One of the effective and accurate ways to monitor the coastal environmental conditions is to utilize remote sensing technology which has grown significantly in recent years. Although various studies have been conducted, different results were shown and indicated that the coastal dynamics in CCA were not fully understood yet. This research provides comprehensive analysis with the aim to comprehend the complete pattern of coastal dynamics in CCA. Analysis of coastal dynamics has been carried out by using a combination of Landsat and Google Earth data. This robust combination allowed to cover a longtime span (1996-2020), periodic, and high-resolution data analysis Results indicated that along the CCA shoreline the accretion was dominated rather than the erosion. While on the eastern area showed more dynamic changes rather than the western area, especially at Losari, Pangenan, and Lemahwungkuk sub-districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cabezas-Rabadán, C.; Pardo-Pascual, J.E.; Palomar-Vázquez, J.; Ferreira, Ó., and Costas, S., 2020. Satellite Derived Shorelines at an exposed meso-tidal beach. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 1027–1031. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Shoreline position data offer extremely valuable information for understanding coastal dynamism and beach changes. This research applies SHOREX system for defining the shoreline position from free mid-resolution Landsat-8 (L8) and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite imagery. This system allows an automatic definition of Satellite Derived Shorelines (SDS) over large regions and periods. Accuracy and utility of the resulting SDS have been previously assessed with positive results at low energy, microtidal, Mediterranean beaches. This work assesses SDS extracted using SHOREX at a mesotidal and moderate to highly (during storms) energetic environment, namely at Faro Beach, a barrier beach located in Ria Formosa (Algarve, South Portugal). Accuracy was defined for 14 SDS derived from S2 and 10 from L8 by measuring the differences in position with respect to the shoreline inferred from profiles obtained on close dates (or simultaneously) to imagery acquisition. For non-simultaneous datasets, the water level was estimated for the time of the satellite images acquisition using oceanographic data and run-up formulations. The measured and estimated shoreline positions were then compared with the extracted SDS. The overall accuracy is good, with errors about 5 m RMSE, supporting the application of the used methodology to define shoreline dynamics and evolution at challenging environments, as mesotidal exposed and dynamic beaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manzolli, R.P.; Portz, L.; Villate, D.A.; Contreras, M.D.; Padilla, L.C.J., and Alcantará-Carrió, J., 2020. Magnitude and causes of beach accretion on the eastern margin of the Tayrona National Natural Park (Colombian Caribbean), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 299–303. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Beaches on the eastern margin of Tayrona National Natural Park experienced stability and even accretion over the last decade, in contrast to general erosion along the Colombian Caribbean coast. The objective of this study is to characterize shoreline change and analyze the factors contributing to the accretionary trend. Orthorectified satellite images, combined with topography from both drone images and RTK-DGPS measurements, were used to map successive shorelines from 2002-2008. Net shoreline movement and shoreline migration rates revealed these beaches had an accretionary trend, with the exception of Piscina Beach that eroded during the time period. The maintenance of natural inputs of sediment from local rivers, redistributed by littoral drift with sediment bypassing across the small headlands limiting the beaches, the resilience of the beaches to the impact of hurricanes and low human pressure allows for a positive sedimentary budget for the beaches. Piscinas Beach is the most cut off from fluvial sediment input, and despite it has a coral reef barrier, its dissipative profile indicate that it is the most exposed to wave impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]