Search

Liu, Z.; Zang, J., and Liu, J., 2023. Preliminary analysis of reclamation changes in Macao using multisource and multitemporal remote-sensing data. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 90–102. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Macao is a typical reclamation city. A systematic analysis of reclamation changes can be used to relate reclamation to socioeconomic development. In this study, multisource and multitemporal satellite remote-sensing data were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics, driving forces for reclamation, and nearshore water quality of Macao. The results showed that the Macao coastline is moving towards the sea. The total area of Macao increased from 29.19 km2 in 1999 to 35.83 km2 in 2019. The largest proportion of reclamation land-use type was public facilities land, whereas the smallest proportion was green land and square land. The land distribution gradually became more compact up to 2007 and dispersed thereafter. The factors of population, gross domestic product, number of visitors to Macao, and total export trade had different influences on reclamation in Macao during different time periods, where the population factor had the largest overall impact. The concentrations of chlorophyll and suspended sediment in Macao coastal waters were high nearshore and low offshore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee, C.K. and Yun, K., 2023. Time-series forecasting of topographical changes on Byunsan Beach in South Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 255-259. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Tides continuously affect the intertidal zone, erosion and deposition are caused by cataclysmic events such as hurricanes and typhoons in coastal areas, leading to a variety of issues. In particular, recent land reclamation, the creation of man-made islands, land expansion, and the construction of coastal power plants as a result of various forms of coastal development may distort the sedimentary environment to attain a new equilibrium state. As a result, there may be a shift in the external forcing on the coastal environment, which may restrict the supply of soil or alter its movement. The Saemangeum reclamation project is a large-scale project that involves building a 33.9 Km embankment from Buan to Bieung-do, Kunsan, and reclaiming the nearby land of 291 km2. This has been ongoing since the start of the seawall construction in the central coastal area of the west coast of the Korean Peninsula in 1991. This study observed and predicted the long-term topographical changes at Byeonsan Beach in Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, using aerial photography and drone-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected over a period of nine years. This was accomplished using the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) difference approach based on raster operations using the DEM derived from the source data to estimate the change in elevation and volume for each period. The error propagation equation was also used to calculate the probability-based volume change for the inherent error of each data source. As a result, the Region of Interest (ROI) experienced 18,847 m3 depositions between 2014 and 2022, with the area affected comprising 92.3% of the ROI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Tao, J.; Xu, F.; Yao, P.; Zhou, Z., and Zhang, C., 2018. The variations of sediment transport patterns in the radial sand ridges along the Jiangsu coast, China over the last 30 years. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 216–220. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The research objective is to clarify the primary factors lead to the variations of the suspended sediment transport in the radial sand ridges (RSRs) along the Jiangsu Coast over the last 30 years. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) fields measured in several field surveys from 1980 to 2010 were analyzed. The field data indicate that the SSCs in 1980 are higher than those 2010. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the inter-annual variations of the suspended sediment transport. Generally, the magnitude of the SSC is highly relevant with the current speed, which peaks around the Old Yellow River Delta (OYRD) and in the central RSRs. However, the northern part of the RSRs indicates higher SSC than the southern part, which is attributed to their different bed sediment composition. The net suspended sediment flux was calculated. In the north of the RSRs, the sediments are transported in the south direction, which implies a sediment input from the OYRD to the RSRs. In the south of the RSRs, a net sediment loss was observed, which is consistent with the decreasing of the sediment flux from the Yangtze River. The simulated suspended sediment transport in 1980 and 2010 mutually show similar spatial patterns, while SSCs in 1980 are overall larger than those in 2010. It is concluded that the decrease of the SSCs from 1980 to 2010 is attributed to the reduction of the OYRD and the large-scale reclamation along the Jiangsu coast, while the sediment fluxes from the Yangtze River is less important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suo, A. and Zhang, M., 2015. Sea areas reclamation and coastline change monitoring by remote sensing in coastal zone of Liaoning in China. Aimed to monitor spatial pattern of sea areas reclamation in Liaoning province. Series satellite remote sensing images obtained from 1990 to 2010 were employed to monitor sea areas reclamation and coastline change in coastal zone of Liaoning. Some spatial index was established to describe sea areas reclamation and coastline change by geographical information system, respectively. The results are as follow: Spatial index based on geographical information system are suitable to assess spatial pattern of sea areas reclamation and coastline change. The sea areas reclamation in coastal zone of Liaoning is 35,720.98 hm2 from 1990 to 2010. The sea areas reclamation intension is high in Panjin and Jinzhou with reclamation intension index above 90.0 hm2/km, but low in Huludao, Yingkou and Dalian with reclamation intension index below 20.0 hm2/km. Length of coastline in Liaoning increased and its tortuosity ascend over last 20 years. The increment is 30% in some regions as Jinzhou and Panjin. Exploitation of coastline cause the growth of the length of artificial coastline (dams, bulwark, e.g.), while natural coast line (rock coastline, sandy coastline and muddy coastline) is compressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kweon, H.M.; Choi, Y.H.; Kang, J.W.; Lee, W.D.; Hong, S., and Park, S.K., 2014. Reduction of the expected wave overtopping probability and its rate upon seawall utilizing STB(Steel Type Breakwater). Wave overtopping damages at seawalls, which separate lands from coastlines, are increasing as residences and commercial facilities are recently becoming concentrated near coastlines. The wave overtopping volume or probability can be decreased by increasing the crest elevation or width of the existing structure. Crest elevation or width increase of structures like seawalls, however, violates the citizens' view rights, and public water reclamation leads to an increase in the construction cost. The STB (Steel Type Breakwater) is a submerged-type non-reclamation structure, can be quickly constructed at a very low cost, and incurs almost no additional responding costs for the sea level rise. The feasibility of the new economical areal protection combination construction method that can reduce the EWOP (Expected Wave Overtopping Probability) without violating the citizens' view rights was validated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, Y.; Pu, L.; Zhu, M.; Li, J.; Zhang, M.; Li, P., and Zhang, J., 2014. Spatial variation of soil salinity in the coastal reclamation area, eastern China. Reclamation of coastal saline tidal flats has become a common practice for coastal countries faced with a decrease in cultivated land and an increase in population. Because the variability of soil salinity is considerable, understanding the spatial distribution of this salinity and its components is essential for land use planning. This study was conducted in a coastal area in eastern China that has been reclaimed under various land use types at different times. The objective of the work was to assess the effect of the reclamation time and land use types on soil salinity and spatial variation of soil salinity by using conventional statistics and geostatistical techniques. The results indicate that reclamation times and land use types significantly influence soil salinity in coastal areas. Cropland and aquaculture pond have same effect on soil desalinization. Soil desalinization reached a balance after 30 years. According to the average soil salinity at the depth of 0-40 cm and soil salinity spatial stability of soil profile, the study area is divided into eight management zones, which is useful for soil sampling investigation and making decisions on the kind of crops that can be cultivated at the different fields of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model for the Pearl River Estuary based on Delft3D is established and calibrated to study the changes in tidal circulation and flushing in Victoria Harbour. The tidal circulation and flushing were simulated by this 3D model under the existing reclamation conditions, including Central Reclamation Phases I, II, and III (CRI, CRII, and CRIII), and Wan Chai Reclamation Phase I (WRI). The model is also applied to predict the hydrodynamic changes after the reclamation of proposed Wan Chai Development Phase II (WDII) to be constructed in 2017. Compared to the coastline in 1975 (before large-scale reclamation), the numerical results show that the following changes have taken place after the existing reclamation: (1) The peak flow at all cross sections along Victoria Harbour decreases by about 9-25%, with an average value of about 15% for the existing reclamation; (2) the peak velocity in the eastern harbour near Lei Yue Mun decreases after the existing reclamation because of the reduction of flow, but it increases in the central and western harbour due to the significant narrowing in harbour width; (3) flushing time in Victoria Harbour increases by about 25-40% in the wet season and increases by almost 15-30% in the dry season as a result of the changes of the flow discharge and tidal range. After the reclamation of WDII, the flushing rate and flow discharge in Victoria Harbour only change slightly compared with that under the existing reclamation condition. Another finding is that for the present coastline, the flushing time ranges about 1.5-2.5 days in the wet season and 5-7 days in the dry season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jung, J.-S. and Cho, Y.-S., 2013. A 3D Hydrodynamic Model for Determination of Maximum Food Level inside Saemangeum Embankment In this study, the variation of flood water level inside the Saemangeum Embankment is studied. In particular, the maximum flood level inside the Embankment is investigated for design of the land reclamation level. Water level inside the Embankment may be affected by flooding from connected rivers, tides and discharges through gates. The tidal range outside Embankment is about 6.0~7.5m. The water level is numerically simulated by using a commercial hydrodynamic model: Delft3D-Flow. By analyzing measured tidal data measured over 31 years (1981-2011), the smallest tidal difference is selected for simulations. The maximum flood level inside Embankment generally increases as the tidal difference decreases because the sea level outside Embankment is relatively high during the ebb tide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kang, S.K., Jung, K.T., J.J. Park, Kim, E.J., and So, J.K., 2013. Tidal Regime Change of the Large Scale of Reclamation in the West Coast of the Korean Peninsula in the Yellow and East China Sea. A depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical model has been established in order to investigate tidal regime change by the large scale of reclamation in the west coast of Korean Peninsula. The fetched variable-grid system was used to discretize the complicated coastal region efficiently. Maximum six month integration of the model was carried to investigate the tidal change over 10 tidal components prescribed along the open boundaries consisting of the Ryuku Islands, Korea Strait, and Tiwan Strait. The tidal regime change appears widely in the whole Yellow Sea and its effect reaches to the shelf break region in the East China Sea. The Kelvin-wave type distribution of tidal amplitude along the west coast of KP is distorted and the propagation speeds of semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal waves increase around the reclamation and neighboring regions. The change of the propagation speed after reclamation seems to be due to weaker lateral friction by simplification of the land boundary. The tidal amplitudes decrease within several tens of km just around the reclamation area, while the amplitudes outside the region increase slightly. Such decreasing or increasing patterns appear alternatively. This implies that the change of tidal regime propagates toward the remote region far away from the reclamation site. Therefore, prescription of tidal components as open boundary condition should be carefully determined after considering any possible tidal regime change near the boundaries by reclamation of an inner model domain. The model result also confirms that friction at the lateral boundary affects the propagation of tidal waves as much as the bottom-friction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FORD, M., 2012. Shoreline changes on an urban atoll in the central Pacific Ocean: Majuro atoll, Marshall Islands. Majuro is the capital and most populated atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands and is located approximately 3700 km W-SW of Oahu, Hawaii. Like other atolls, Majuro is considered highly vulnerable to sea level rise. One of the widely perceived impacts of sea level rise on atoll islands is widespread chronic erosion. Using a combination of aerial photos and satellite imagery, this study presents an analysis of shoreline change over a 34- to 37-year study period, characterized by rapidly increasing population, coastal development, and rising sea level (3.0 mm y−1). Results show most (93%%) urban and rural villages have increased in size over the study period. Shoreline change analysis indicates the urban area has expanded both toward the lagoon and onto the ocean-facing reef flat. Shoreline change within the urban area of Majuro has been largely driven by widespread reclamation for a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial activities. Rural areas of the atoll typically have lower rates of shoreline change relative to those of urban areas. Analysis indicates that the rural lagoon shore is predominantly eroding, whereas the ocean-facing shore is largely accreting. Any shoreline response to sea level rise along the Majuro coast is likely masked by widespread anthropogenic impacts to the coastal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on historical hindsight, this paper shows that sea-level rise has played a fundamental role in the development of the low-lying environment of the Netherlands. It was beneficial in morphological terms during the mid-Holocene, but from Roman times, it has been a threat to the coastal zone evolution and human habitation. Collective human response started to play a role in coastal evolution as early as the ninth century, while its influence started to become a major factor during the nineteenth and twentieth century. Throughout its history, Dutch society has always been receptive to new technologies, approaches, and policies in its dealings with the many water-related challenges. The success of concerted human response explains why the water boards were successful as the first democratic institutions in the Netherlands. Development of technology and increasing financial means (the Dutch Golden Age) gave rise to increasingly viable flood abatement measures and reclamation projects, which took place on increasingly larger scales. This culminated in large-scale works such as the closure of the Zuiderzee and the Delta Project in the twentieth century. During this project, a turning point in thinking emerged; while flood protection remained a top priority, human interventions were considered in a broader, more holistic context with natural values being weighed against socioeconomic interests. In the face of the challenges of the twenty-first century, policy and management approaches as well as science and technology approaches need to be adapted further in accordance to the principles of working with nature in a transdisciplinary way. The success of this adaptation will to a large extent determine the viability of the Dutch society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was undertaken to identify major sources of contaminants and to explain the hydrochemistry of groundwater in relation to past landuse and borehole types in the reclaimed lands of Sydney's 2000 Olympic Games sute, at Homebush Bay in Port Jackson. The Shores of Hombush Bay, including some of the Olympic Games Site, were reclaimed using an estimated nine million tonnes of domestic, commercial and industrial waste over several decades. The impact of this waste on groundwater was also investigated. Groundwater (n = 101) and leachate (n = 4) samples collected in the reclaimed lands of the Olympic Games site were analysed for cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and anons (Cl, HCO9, SO4 and NO4) and pH and electrical conductivity were also determined. The mean concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4 in groundwater were more concentrated in reclaimed areas (infilled estuarine areas), followed by landfill areas (areas above sea level) and where least abundant in non-infilled areas because of saline intrusion and geographical approximation to creeks and the estuary to the Olympic site. The mean concentrations of K, HCO9, NO, and values of electrical conductivity in groundwater were highest in landfill areas, followed by reclaimed areas and were lowest in non-infilled areas because these elements are related to anthropogenic influence. Groundwater in deep shale and in shallower saline (>10 ppt) reclaimed/infilled areas is dominated by sodium chloride, whereas non-infilled areas (<10 ppt) exhibit high sodium bicarbonate to bicarbonate and chloride compositions. Cation and anion contents of groundwater in the three types of boreholes investigated showed different hydrochemical characteristics. The order of mean abundance of major ions in groundwater in deep boreholes is Na » Mg > Ca >K, while for anions it is Cl>HCO3>SO4 and Cl>HCO2>SP4.The order of mean abundance of major ions in groundwater in shallow boreholes and standpipes is Na>K>Ca>Mg, while for anions it is Cl>HCO3>SO4>NO4 and Cl>HCO4>NO4>SO4, respectively. The relationship between total dissolved solid (TDS) and the sum of major clement concentrations in deep boreholes. shallow boreholes and standpipes, indicates that these two types of groundwater underwent different geochemical evolutionary paths during circulation. The Olympic Co-ordination Authority (OCA) implemented strategies, i.e. capping. excavation, and mounding and cupping to remediate the Homehush Bay site before the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is abundant landscape evidence for extensive land reclamation conducted within the Shannon estuary wetlands. To date, little published research is available which identifies how much reclamation has occurred, its timing and the likely environmental implications. This paper addresses these questions on the basis of available cartographic and documentary data on land reclamation in this area. Identification of reclaimed land was based on the 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey of Ireland Map Series of 1924. These maps represent landscape features relating to reclamation, such as embankments, artificial arterial drainage channels and sluices. Using such indicators for the purpose of demarcation, the extent of the lands reclaimed has been mapped. Documentary information on reclamation schemes was acquired from the National Archives files on the Irish Quit Rent Office, including letters, memoranda, draft bills and Government Acts, legal documents and statements of account, and these support and supplement cartographic data. In total, approximately 6,500ha of the Shannon estuary lowlands were reclaimed for agriculture and other purposes. This has significantly altered the morphometric characteristics of the estuary, as embankments and revetments for flood protection have reduced the potential energy dissipation area and the water storage capacity of the estuarine wetlands. Reclamation has resulted in modification of the estuarine physical environment and its hydrodynamics, and altered the character of the wetland habitat in the estuary environs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muin, M., 2021. Sediment dispersion modeling of a non-orthogonal boundary fitted technique: Mangrove reclamation to protect cliff erosion in Bintuni Bay, Indonesia. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 544–548. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Bintuni Bay is a semi-closed bay located in West Papua Province, Indonesia. The facility of Tangguh LNG Project was faced serious problems due to erosion along the cliff. It was decided that reclamation is the best solution. Mangrove trees are planted in the reclamation area to reduce the wave. The reclamation was designed until one meter below highest water spring to allow seawater to flow in and out through the inlet/outlet. This paper presents and discusses simulations for several options of reclamation layout, inlet/outlet, during and after reclamation. MuSed3D, the 3D ocean hydrodynamics and sediment transport model using non-orthogonal boundary fitted technique, was employed to conduct the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qiao, Y.L.; Yin, X.Y., and Luo, Y., 2020. Assessment of the impact of a sea reclamation project in an emerging port city in Tianjin. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 584–592. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Reclamation is a strategy that alleviates land supply demand in coastal areas. However, it also causes important ecological problems, including affectations to ecosystem services. In order to quantitatively evaluate the loss of ecosystem service value in coastal zones due to reclamation, the present research selected Tianjin, a typical city with growing urbanization and industrialization in a China's coastal zone. For this purpose, the classification system of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was used to analyze the characteristics of the Tianjin's coastal ecosystem, and a unique index system was created to evaluate the service function. The evaluation used the market value method, the alternative cost method, the investigation and evaluation method, and the result reference method. The index system was used to monetarily assess the damage caused by reclamation activities to ecosystem services in the coastal zone in Tianjin. The results showed that the total value loss of marine ecosystem services was 30.95 × 104 yuan / hm2 · a. In addition, it was found that the loss of production service value was the largest, accounting for 51.76% of the total loss value. The reduction in the value of cultural services, accounted for 23.07%. Furthermore, the third place corresponded to the devaluation of the regulatory function value, which was 16.64%. The loss of cultural service value was the smallest, accounting for 8.53%. Also, the loss of ecosystem service value caused by reclamation was mainly due to the effects on food production, cultural use and waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chen, L., 2020. A quantitative simulation based method for reclamation plan of marine ecological constraints. In: Qiu, Y.; Zhu, H., and Fang, X. (eds.), Current Advancements in Marine and Coastal Research for Technological and Sociological Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 107, pp. 13-16. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Through Google Earth remote sensing image, we can better design the plan of land reclamation in coastal areas, which will have a significant impact on land reclamation. However, reclamation will seriously affect marine ecology, which will cause irrecoverable losses. Therefore, we must introduce quantitative simulation of marine ecological constraints, which will better simulate the disturbance capacity of marine environment. Through different simulation schemes of disturbance capacity of marine environment, we can better evaluate the design criteria of reclamation, which will better analyze the design elements of reclamation, such as morphological elements, spacing elements and combination mode elements. By simulating the hydrodynamic characteristics of different working conditions, this paper evaluates the working conditions of different plane design elements. First of all, this paper analyzes the necessity of the plan design of the reclamation area. Then, this paper analyzes the demand index of reclamation. Finally, this paper constructs a quantitative model of marine ecological constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]