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Anantharaja, K.; Krishnan, P.; Menaga, M.; Abuthagir Iburahim, S.; Hemaprasanth, K.P.; Swain, S.K.; Rani, B.; Panigrahi, A., and Routray, P., 2024. Global trends of biofloc research in the aquaculture sector: A metadata scientometric analysis. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(1), 167–178. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Biofloc technology is a sustainable tool for aquaculture production. This study is the first of its kind to provide insights into the quantitative visualization of global biofloc research trends in the aquaculture sector for the last two decades based on metadata analysis. The metadata on biofloc research retrieved during the period 1999–2021 from Web of Science was analysed. The results indicate that Brazil is the most active contributor to biofloc research—followed by China, Mexico, the United States, and India—in terms of number of publications; however, Israel holds the highest average citations per paper. The most cited paper in biofloc research has been cited 513 times, and Avnimelech from Technion Israel institute of Technology is the author of the most cited paper (513 citations) in biofloc research. The most widely studied species are shrimp and tilapia, specifically Penaeus vannamei and Oreochromis niloticus. The journal Aquaculture published a maximum number of research papers on biofloc (153 papers), followed by Aquaculture Research (96 papers) and Aquaculture International (47 papers). The trend analysis revealed that the topics related to disease resistance, different carbon sources, and microbial community are emerging in recent times. This study highlights the trends in biofloc research for its further advancements to guide researchers and policymakers to expedite the adoption of robust aquaculture practices to promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meenatchi, S.; Iburahim, S.A.; Nayak, B.B.; Rathinam, R.B.; Paul, T.N.; Seenivasan, P.; Ramteke, K.; Ramanan, S.S.; and Anantharaja, K., 2024. A meta-analysis of artemia global research over seven decades (1949–2021). Journal of Coastal Research, 40(2), 395–407. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Brine shrimp are little planktonic crustaceans found all over the world in hypersaline habitats. Brine shrimp populations are found in numerous inland salt lakes and coastal salterns across the world. Scientometrics is a branch of statistics concerned with measuring and analyzing scholarly publications. The current study used a Web of Science database to thoroughly analyze and document the Artemia research output over the last seven decades. For this study, 9738 papers were examined using R software to evaluate the scientific productivity in this specified topic area. The global publishing share, rank, and evolution in terms of research and bibliometric indices, such as total citations, h index, and average number of citations per paper, were analyzed. The United States ranks first among the most productive nations in terms of total publications, accounting for 18.895%. India came in sixth place, accounting for 5.812% of total publications. The findings of the current study revealed the trend of artemia-related research studies published between 1949 and 2021. This study also highlighted the focal areas on this issue, about which future topics of research can be chosen for conservation and sustainable utilization of these vital resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rahim, A.; Soeprobowati, T.R.; Putranto, T.T.; Hadiyanto, H., and Alfalah, M.H., 2024. Investigating the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystems: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 768–778. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Mangroves are essential to the stability of coastal regions, especially when facing the threat of climate change. However, deforestation, land use changes, and rising sea levels destroy mangrove forests. Based on bibliometric analysis, this paper aims to gain insight into the impact of climate and land use changes on mangroves. By searching Scopus, 534 pieces of literature from 2013 to 2023 were found, and they were analyzed based on bibliometric information and article metadata. Trends and hotspots of the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove research were explored using VOSviewer software. The results of a network co-occurrence analysis revealed that mangroves, climate change, land use change, blue carbon, and wetlands represent the most popular central areas of study. The results of this paper show that the countries with the greatest number of publications on mangroves and climate and land use changes are the United States, Australia, India, Indonesia, and China. The research findings revealed that remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are the most recently used technologies to enhance the research field of ecosystem monitoring in mangrove research. Maintaining and increasing carbon sinks through sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems have been a potential priority in climate change and mangrove ecosystem research development. This research highlights trends in the impact of climate and land use changes on mangrove ecosystem research over the past 10 years. It identifies areas that require further research investment to promote future research collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yu, H.; Wang, Y., and Li, D., 2023. Using the AHP-entropy weight method to study regional marine economy resilience in China. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(5), 960–969. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Marine economy has become an important part of China's national economy, but it is facing many constraints and disturbances from within and outside the region. Marine economy resilience can reflect to what extent the region will overcome these problems and achieve sustainable development. Nevertheless, evaluating marine economy resilience is a difficult task requiring considerable effort that is missing in the literature. This paper constructed the evaluation index system from the four dimensions of resistance, recovery, reorganization, and renewal and comprehensively used the analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to make a quantitative assessment of marine economy resilience in 11 coastal regions of China. Based on this, the paper then explored the spatial and temporal evolution of regional marine economy resilience. The evaluation results reveal that the overall level of China's marine economy resilience from 2006 to 2016 shows a fluctuating and rising trend. The resistance ability is generally in an upward fluctuating trend, the recovery ability fluctuates little but has no significant improvement, the reorganization ability also shows a fluctuating and rising trend, and the renewal ability has the largest increase in the four dimensions. This paper puts forward three suggestions for the coastal province governments to improve regional marine economy resilience in terms of technological innovation, green development, and coordinated opening up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jun, D.; Bo, Y., and Dongyi, L., 2023. Establishing an index system to evaluate marine resource endowment for the sustainable development of China's marine economy. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 740–749. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Marine resource endowment is a significant supporting factor for the sustainable development of the marine economy. It primarily reflects the sustainable development level of the marine economy in a particular area. Based on literature analysis and expert consultation, this paper establishes an index system of potential evaluation of marine resource endowment for the sustainable development of China's marine economy, where the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to determine the weight of each index within the system, thus securing the distribution of each index. This paper also evaluates the development potential with 11 coastal provinces (municipalities) being empirical research objects using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The result is that the support potential of the resource endowments of marine minerals, marine space, marine tourism, and marine life (aquatic products) for the sustainable development of China's marine economy has been declining gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He, Y.; Hu, Y.; Xie, S.; Li, C.; Xu, M., and Chen, X., 2023. Risk and impacts associated with marine carbon sink projects: An example from Guangdong, China. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 246–256. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper aims to measure the risk and impact of the marine carbon sink project in Guangdong, China. This measurement increases the investors' willingness to participate in development and operation of such projects, and promotes the transformation of a low-carbon economy and society. This research employs triangular fuzzy number and Structural Equation Model to develop the risk measurement model of the marine carbon sink project. The net present value and risk equivalent methods measure the impact of risk factors on the project value and investment decision of the representative project in China. The results showed that: (1) there are certain risks in developing marine carbon sequestration projects, including policy, natural, market, and human behavior risks. The comprehensive risk value is 0.444. (2) Among the different types of marine carbon sink risks, the large ones are those caused by storm surges, invasion of alien species, and unknown ownership of marine carbon sink. (3) The risk of marine carbon sequestration reduces the profitability of its projects. (4) Compared with the traditional net present value method, the risk equivalent method is more in line with the development and operation of marine carbon sink projects. Based on this, combined with the risk characteristics and potential factors of marine carbon sequestration projects, and to promote their sustainable development, this paper has the following suggestions: (1) Strengthen policy evaluation and regulation, and formulate policies and measures in line with the development stage of marine carbon sequestration trading. (2) Strengthen the early warning of natural disasters and formulate targeted disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief plans. (3) Strengthen the dynamic supervision of marine carbon sequestration transactions and formulate emergency plans for market transaction risks. (4) Improve public participation and establish a reward and punishment mechanism for human behavior risk prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun, Y.; Zhang, S.; Yang, S.; Zhou, W.; Cui, X., and Wu, Y., 2024. Review and analysis of electronic monitoring (EM) minimum standards for pelagic main fishing gear. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 816–825. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Observer systems for monitoring and collecting catch information from pelagic fisheries are essential in ensuring the sustainable harvesting of pelagic fisheries resources. The emergence in recent years of electronic observers that rely on video surveillance is gradually becoming a complementary or alternative measure to human observers. Electronic observers' security and ease of use make full electronic monitoring (EM) of ocean-going fishing ships possible while ensuring complete data availability. The development and improvement of its standards are the keys to ensuring the large-scale application of EM. This paper summarizes and justifies the minimum standards for EM for pelagic fishing by analyzing the standards and current status of human observers, documenting the functions and applications of EM systems, comparing the monitoring capabilities of human observers and EM, and analyzing the characteristics of the three main fishing methods: purse seine, trawl, and longline, respectively, in terms of equipment platform technology, data collection, and data management. The development of EM standards can clarify the cost of the entire monitoring process, ensure the compliance and economics of EM, and achieve effective long-term monitoring of pelagic fishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yang, S.M. and Lee, J.K., 2024. Evaluating the geoengineering performance of a gravity multiblock quay wall and jet-grouting on marine clayey soils along the Korean coastline. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 672–682. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Jet-grouting has been widely used as a ground improvement method in several fields of geoengineering, but most of the case studies have focused on embankments and excavations. This paper describes the performance of a gravity block-type quay wall in the southwest coast of Korea where the underlying soft clayey soils were improved by jet-grout columns. The scheme and properties of jet-grouting and the construction history and measured behavior of the wall-soil system are presented. A finite element analysis was conducted to estimate the settlement, lateral displacement, and horizontal earth pressure of the quay wall. The computed results compare well with the field data during and after construction. The effect of area replacement ratio, quantifying the degree of ground improvement, on the response of the quay walls was also investigated. The field and numerical results show that the jet-grout columns enhanced the performance of the block-type quay wall over soft soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

McNamara, G. and Vieira da Silva, G., 2023. The coastline paradox: A new perspective. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 45–54. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The coastline paradox, which suggests that coastlines have indefinite lengths, is a widespread and misleading concept that has endured in scientific literature for over 50 years. This paper argues that the length of a coastline is real and finite. The measurement of coastlines allows for the quantification of coastline dynamics and engineering responses to these changes. The real difficulties in measuring sometimes complex coastal shapes have taken the appearance of an unreal impossibility. The paradox is resolved using three methods. The first examines definitions used to establish the features to which "coastline" refers. The second applies these definitions to the measurement of real coastlines. Finally, a geometrical analysis is carried out to resolve the paradox mathematically. The purpose of this paper is to help resolve the paradox and reduce confusion surrounding the topic, which will be of direct use for coastal communities and planners to assess and respond to coastline changes and sea-level rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bai, X.; Sun, M.; Niu, J.J.; Sun, H., and Sun, L.P., 2023. Energy-harvesting efficiency analysis of ocean currents: Proposing a flow-induced vibration power-generation system with linear generator damping. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 73–82. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The ocean current energy generation based on flow-induced vibration has mostly adopted a rotary generator, until now. In consideration of the possible shortcomings of the Vortex Induced Vibration for Aquatic Clean Energy system based on the rotary generator, this paper proposes a flow-induced coupling between the linear generator and the vibrator. For the vibration power-generation system model, this paper proposes a flow-induced vibration power-generation system model, in which the linear generator is directly coupled to the vibrator and the energy-harvesting efficiency is analyzed through numerical research methods. Results show that when the reduced velocity is 3.6 to 8.4, the energy conversion efficiency is greater and when the reduced velocity is 4.8 and the damping ratio is no more than 0.2, the maximum value of the energy conversion is 15.9%. The optimal efficiency can be achieved with the best combination of reduced velocity and damping ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dong, W.; Yang, Q.; Huang, X.; Chen, Y., and Sun, S., 2022. Development of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs): Using MAC protocol with concurrent transmission based on slotted FAMA. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 241–248. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the continuous development of ocean research in recent years, as an extension of terrestrial wireless sensor networks, underwater wireless sensor networks play an increasingly important role in ocean and coastal research. The handshaking efficiency in the traditional slotted floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) is low. After a successful handshake, only one node is allowed to send data. Moreover, there are unnecessary back-off problems; thus, the channel utilization is low. Aiming at improving the shortcomings of the traditional slotted FAMA, this paper proposes a Medium Access Control protocol with concurrent transmission based on slotted FAMA (SFAMA-CT). The sending node uses the long propagation delay of the network to maintain a sending matrix according to the position information of the nodes in the propagation range. The value of each element of the sending matrix is determined by whether two nodes can simultaneously send data without collision. Then, the sending node determines whether it can choose to send in the DATA phase according to the number of received X Clear-To-Send (XCTS) packets (where "X" indicates a CTS packet intended for another node) and element information of the sending matrix. The proposed protocol has higher handshake efficiency and improves the concurrent transmission of the network compared to that of other protocols. The simulation results show that, compared to slotted FAMA and SFAMA-data train (DT), the throughput of SFAMA-CT is increased by approximately 115% and 20%, respectively. SFAMA-CT also has good performance in the end-to-end delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huang, W.; Li, S.; Lu, Y., and Zhang, R., 2024. Hydrodynamic characteristics of an ecological revetment cavity structure under the propagation of ship-generated waves in a restricted channel. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(2), 382–394. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. With the rapid development of inland waterway transportation and the rapid increase of ship traffic in restricted channels, the role of ship-generated waves on the restricted channel shore slope becomes increasingly significant. Some river bank protection projects use cavity structures to prevent bank slopes from being scoured and have achieved remarkable results. However, the hydrodynamic characteristics under the action of ship traveling waves inside and outside the cavity are not yet clear. Thus, this paper studies the time and frequency domain characteristics of ship-generated wave fluctuations, flow velocity distribution characteristics, and turbulence distribution characteristics in the cavity, under the action of ship-generated waves, by conducting self-propelled ship model flume tests using a new type of cavity shore protection structure applied to a restricted channel. This study investigates the application of such a structure to shallow water coastal areas with frequent ship traffic. The corresponding results demonstrate that during the ship traveling wave transfer to the cavity, the fluctuation frequency did not change significantly, and fluctuation energy concentrated in the frequency range of 0–1.5 Hz. The high-frequency (0.40–1.5 Hz) energy is concentrated in the secondary wave process, and the low-frequency (0–0.40 Hz) energy is observed throughout the fluctuation process. The cavity structure changes the flow velocity from low-frequency periodic flow to high-frequency oscillatory flow, and the frequency of flow velocity change tends to be uniformly distributed with significantly enhanced turbulence. The cavity's maximum wave height, flow velocity, and turbulence energy positively correlate with the self-propelled velocity of the vessel Vc. Moreover, the characteristic values increase slowly for Vc in the subcritical velocity region (Frh < 0.84), and the characteristic values increase sharply for Vc in the transcritical velocity region (0.84 < Frh < 1.12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feng, H.; Zhu, L.; Wu, J., and Squires, V.R., 2023. A review of disaster risk assessment and mitigation in vulnerable coastal communities: An example from the South China Sea coast. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 328–333. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. This review examines and analyses key issues that underpin the development and successful implementation of risk assessment. The focus is on coastal areas (including the nearshore hinterlands) on the coast of the South China Sea, especially the coastal zone around the Gulf of Tonkin (also known as Beibu Gulf) that borders Vietnam. Consideration is given to aspects of the process of engaging with local communities in areas at risk of disasters and in those sites that are affected with severe consequences on peoples' income, wealth, health, and social state. Vulnerability is an important factor and its nature and implications are examined. This paper first sets out the context for this review, including some key information about the study region. Second, risk assessments and recent developments in mitigation are discussed. Third, the focus shifts to mechanisms (and benefits) of engagement with local peoples from areas that are at risk or have undergone severe damage. Finally, concluding thoughts and a synthesis of the whole paper is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fernandez, P.N.J., 2022. Using a low-cost green light emitting diode to measure total suspended solids in a marine protected area of the Philippines. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 99–113. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Seawater parameters are important indicators of coastal water conditions. One of the essential parameters is the total suspended solids (TSS). This study probed how to use a low-cost 535-nm green LED to measure the TSS in marine protected areas of barangay Lo-ong, Concepcion, Iloilo, Philippines. It aims to examine the relationship of the total attenuation coefficients (TAC) to total suspended solids (TSS) values in coastal water. Sample sea waters were taken from various locations and brought to a laboratory for a filtration process known as gravimetry. Different available filter paper sizes (1.5 microns, 6 microns, 20 microns, and 50 microns) were used in the filtration process and were dried in a controlled constant temperature of 110 degrees Celsius for 24 hours using an electric oven. Dried filter papers' weights were measured using an analytical balance before using the infiltration of seawater. TAC values were also measured in different seawater samples using a prototype device made up of LED and photodiode. This study demonstrated that TAC values of green LEDs are positively correlated with TSS values (R value of 0.45). Results reveal that the moderate correlation between an LED's TAC values to TSS positively proved that a low-cost LED can be used as an alternative to the more expensive remote sensing satellite data. Findings of the study also showed that TSS values in the marine protected area under study were far below the acceptable limits for coastal waters. The performance of the LED-based measuring device can still be improved in the future by using collimating lenses and more sensitive photomultiplier tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yan, D.; Jiang, R.; Xie, J.; Zhu, J.; Liang, J., and Wang, Y., 2021. A multivariate and multistage streamflow prediction model based on signal decomposition techniques with deep learning. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(6), 1260–1270. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Accurate streamflow forecast plays an important role in the flood control operation of reservoir and water resource management, and how to build a prediction model with high accuracy is a research hotspot. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, this paper establishes a multivariate and multistage streamflow prediction model based on the combination of mode decomposition and deep learning models, including the variational mode decomposition (VMD), improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMD), convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). Taking the Wei River Basin (WRB) of China as an example, streamflow in six hydrometric stations from the main stream of the WRB is used to validate the model. The results show that the proposed model have good prediction skills, and the prediction results of multistage models are better than single-stage models; however, the most complex models do not have the best results. The VMD also preformed better prediction skills than ICEEMD, and the optimal model was VCL (VMD-CNN-LSTM). The root-mean-square error, peak percentage of threshold statistic, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of VCL at Huaxian station are 43.82 m3/s, 10.02%, and 0.94, respectively. The models proposed in this paper are suitable for streamflow forecasting, which provide reference for streamflow forecasting and sustainable watershed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aangri, A.; Hakkou, M.; Krien, Y.; Chtioui, T., and Benmohammadi, A., 2024. Risk assessment of marine flooding along the Agadir and Taghazout coasts (Moroccan Atlantic). Journal of Coastal Research, 40(1), 179–192. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's predictions highlight the probability that sea-level rise could exceed 1 m by 2100. As a result, coastal flooding episodes will increase. These will occur during events that simultaneously combine strong swells, spring tides, low-pressure conditions, and abnormally high surges. This behavior can seriously affect urban spaces along the sea. This paper investigated the risk assessment of marine flooding in the Agadir-Taghazout coastline by considering effects of the Sea Level Rise based on a hybrid model. The components of the hybrid model were obtained through NWW III (Wave Watch III), Simulating Wave Nearshore simulations of the propagation of the storm surge from the offshore to the nearshore, and by applying the Generalized Extreme Value method for Total Water Level (TWL) return value estimation. The simple static model calculates extreme levels based on the summation of tidal components, surge, run-up, and return value of TWL. The results obtained are mapped to determine the spatial extent on a height resolution Digital Terrain Model. Currently, the results of the study show, in first order, the high vulnerability of the southern part of the Agadir and Imourane beach. For future conditions, in 2100 the model predicts the submersion of the whole study area, threatening the infrastructures of the first line of the buildings facing the sea. This calls on, from now, the managers of this coast to prepare a protection strategy against this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson, F.; Douglas, K.; Li, Z.; Meijer, A.; Stacey, C.D.; Kung, R., and Podhorodeski, A., 2024. A generalized semiautomated method for seabed geology classification using multibeam data and maximum likelihood classification. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(1), 1–16. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper presents a GIS-based model to perform semiautomated seabed classification that can act as a first-pass, pseudoclassified surficial geological map. The user can then edit the output into a finalized map in less time than by manual classification. The model uses maximum likelihood classification with unsupervised classification through iterative self-organizing clusters. This model is fully contained within the ArcGIS software suite as a ModelBuilder workflow composed of geoprocessing tools and Python script tools. Model inputs tested include different combinations of multibeam echosounder–derived data: slope, backscatter, and terrain ruggedness. Furthermore, to test the assumption of Gaussian distribution of input data required for maximum likelihood classification, Box–Cox power transformations were applied to slope and backscatter data and were used as model inputs. To illustrate the performance of the model, two locations are highlighted as case studies: Milbanke Sound and Spiller Channel, located on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. Association between model outputs and ground-truth classes was generally weak to moderate when measured using Cramér's V association scores. Overall, the slope and backscatter parameter model had the highest scores of association. Results from an overlay analysis comparing model outputs with user-confirmed polygons show that the slope and backscatter model performs best in regions with distinct changes in the hardness of sediments but that in fjord regions dominated geologically by steeper bathymetric change, the slope parameter model may perform better. However, all model outputs had difficulty delineating bedrock units. The model has the flexibility to identify certain seabed habitat features as well, including glass sponge reefs—biologically active bioherms that have led to marine protected area designations in other areas of British Columbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li, W.; Jiang, R.; Zhao, Y.; Xie, J.; Zhu, J., and Cao, R., 2019. Water ecological environment protection under changing environment: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 9–15. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Systematic review is usually used to reveal the change characteristics of the quantity and law of the citations focus on one research theme. The paper investigated the research status, development trend and hotspots of water ecological environment protection using bibliometric analysis. Based on bibliometric, mathematics and statistics, articles related to the water ecological environment protection in Web of Science for the period of 2008-2019 were selected. CiteSpace software was used to conduct the annual frequency analysis of papers, countries and research institutions analysis, co-occurring keywords analysis, clustering analysis and research frontier. Results show that: (1) The number of published papers and cited papers have increased for the past 12 years. Especially, the number of published papers has increased sharply since 2015, indicating that the research on water ecological environment protection has been transferred from the exploration stage to rapid development stage, which needs to be analyzed from the aspects of national policy. (2) China has more publications than other countries. The research institutions are mainly concentrated on universities, the cooperation among them is not close. It shows the characteristics of small distribution and large concentration. Keywords such as "model" and "water quality" are research hotspots. (3) The results of clustering analysis show that water ecological environment quality assessment, water and soil conservation, ecosystem services and aquatic ecosystem are four main research directions of water ecological environment protection. (4) Using method of burst detection, nine keywords are obtained, which indicate that water ecological environment protection has rich research perspectives. The burst strength of land use is high, it will become the research hotspot of water ecological environment protection in future. The results should be beneficial to systematically understand research progress and future trends of water ecologic environment under changing environment, and therefore it promotes ecological civilization construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nguyen, T.H.T., 2024. A review of marine debris research in Vietnam. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(3), 588–597. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Being considered one of the biggest contributors of marine debris in the world, Vietnam issued a National Action Plan in 2019 that committed to reducing plastic waste in the sea and ocean by 75% by 2030. This present study reviewed the current state of knowledge on marine debris research and management in Vietnam and aimed to support an overall picture of data in order to help deal with the marine pollution problem. According to the records gathered, the research on marine pollution over time in Vietnam has increased, from 8 manuscripts in 2019 to 22 manuscripts in 2022. Study results also showed that there are prepossessions in current research on debris properties, such as predilection for plastic type or fiber and fragment shapes, leaning toward certain environmental compartments (like beaches and floating systems), and favor toward the study area. There is a geographical trend of research being conducted in four main regions in Vietnam (the Red River Delta, Da Nang, Nha Trang, and the Mekong River Delta). The gaps and limits of current marine debris research in Vietnam are also discussed, and avenues for future research are proposed, which are intended to be helpful for both academic and management efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skinner, W.K., 2024. Coastal hazard assessment from multidecadal profile response incorporating climate patterns and sea-level rise. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(3), 511–526. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. A new method for coastal hazard assessment is described and demonstrated by reference to a 40-year cross-shore profile record in Papamoa, New Zealand. It is based on a mathematical interpretation of the envelope within which long-term historic cross-shore profiles vary and from which, for the required assessment period, the statistically significant fully accreted-state and fully eroded-state profiles can be determined. The Monte Carlo method is used to derive stochastic outcomes for long-term trend (LTT) and sea-level rise (SLR) on the basis of correlations with, and a long term proxy for, a decadal-scale climate pattern, which in the example case is the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Sediment volumes for short-term fluctuation and the LTT are determined and conserved to reflect a consistent wave climate over the assessment period when appraising the effect of SLR. Dune biomass is accounted for when determining erosion scarp stability and hence the final extent of the current and future hazard zones. Results are presented in schematic form as excursions relative to a land benchmark and also as full end-state profiles extending from the dune backshore to the closure depth, with the latter determined by bar volume and profile. Various scenarios are appraised, including those that incorporate SLR predictions of the climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The relative risk of various scenarios is benchmarked to the probalistic expected outcome to produce a risk-based, site-specific assessment of coastal hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang, X.; Meng, J.; Sun, L., and Zhang, H., 2023. Characteristics and influencing factors of internal solitary waves in the Penghu Channel based on satellite remote sensing. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 685–699. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The Taiwan Strait has always been considered a hot spot for the occurrence of internal waves in the ocean. Recent research shows that the Penghu Channel also has a strong and previously unknown source of internal solitary waves (ISWs). In this paper, 23 satellite remote sensing images covering the Penghu Channel from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar, HY-1D, and GF-1 satellites are examined to reveal the sea surface characteristics of the area's ISWs through image interpretation and dynamics analysis and to study the local generation of ISWs and their evolutionary characteristics in this sea area. The results show that SE and SW cross-propagating ISWs exist in the Penghu Channel. They are generated near the Penghu Islands and the continental shelf of Taiwan at the same latitude and propagate in a countercurrent direction along the Penghu Channel. The ISWs from these two directions meet and continue to propagate southward in a V shape, with various wave–wave interactions occurring in the middle of the channel, such as Mach and resonance interactions, depending on the strength and angle characteristics of the ISWs. SAR images also show that waveform broadening occurs during the propagation of ISWs to the shallow shelf and the ISWs' polarity transition phenomenon. Although the specific generation mechanism is not clear, it is speculated that the interaction of the tidal current with the complex topography of the Penghu Channel is the main source of energy for these ISWs. In addition, the combination of drifting buoy data and analysis of hydrographic conditions in the Penghu Channel indicates that ISW phenomena on the sea surface are observed more frequently during summer flood tides with low wind speeds, low sea conditions, strong stratification, and strong currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang, S.; Tang, F.; Fan, W.; Yang, S.; Zhu, W.; Zhang, H., and Cui, X., 2023. Analysis of hauling net hours for Gazami crab (Portunus trituberculatus) gillnets based on the Beidou vessel monitoring system (BDVMS). Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 663–674. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Gillnets are among the most widely used fishing gear in the world, and there are nearly 97 thousand gillnetters in China's offshore. With the decline of resource fisheries, the fishing quota has remained a topic of concern for the world's fishing nations. At the beginning of 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China implemented the total management of marine fishery resources and began to launch the quota fishing experiment. The vessel monitoring system (VMS) provides a new data source for fisheries research. It is a new attempt to estimate fishing yield from VMS. Refined fishing intensity can be obtained through calculation of hauling time or net length. In China, the shipboard Beidou satellite navigation system terminal was installed on well-equipped fishing vessels. It sends vessel identification and location information at three minute intervals and with 10 m spatial resolution. In this paper, the speed threshold was used to consider the hauling duration of the net. The hauling nets' hours were calculated to estimate the catch rate with the hours. The speed thresholds of the 56 vessels were from 1.7 to 2.4 m/s. The hauling duration in hour of the vessels were distributed throughout eight fishing grounds in 2017. Hauling duration was divided into 0.01° × 0.01° grids based on coordinate locations. The average hauling duration of the nets was 1.7 h, and the maximum value was 41.5 h. There were approximately 514 thousand net hauling points, and the catch weight of the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) was calculated to be approximately 4.7 million kg in 2017 based on the hauling duration data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yang, L.; Wang, C.; Zhang, S.; Gu, H.; Thiruvenkataswamy, K.; Cheng, L., and Lin, P., 2023. Using coastal reservoirs for a sustainable freshwater supply: Feasibility study in Ningbo, China. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 712–721. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. In 2020, there was a very serious shortage of freshwater during the dry season in Ningbo, China. Aiming to solve this problem, methods to address the shortage by coastal reservoir development are proposed in this paper. According to the analysis of annual rainfall, extreme rainfall, total amount of freshwater resources, and water supply, Ningbo is not short of freshwater resources, but it is short of available freshwater. Based on the characteristics of river basins and landforms, the types of coastal reservoirs that could be built were analyzed. Results show that the northeastern plain area is suitable for construction of tidal flat reservoirs and river mouth reservoirs, and Xiangshan Port and Sanmenwan river basin are suitable for construction of river mouth reservoirs, estuarine reservoirs, and combined river reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li, X.; Wang, B.; Tong, Z.; Jiang, Z., and Cai, C., 2023. Analysis and prediction of terrestrial water storage anomalies in the lower Yangtze River Basin based on an improved Grey-Markov model. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(3), 544–552. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have been used to estimate terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSAs) in many areas. From the former studies, the TWSAs from GRACE have been proven as a sensitive indicator to extreme hydrological events, which means it is possible to forecast the extreme hydrological events through the prediction of TWSA. However, because of the limited time series and missing data of the GRACE satellite, it is still very difficult to analyze the long-term TWSAs and predict the future changes of TWSAs. In this paper, the TWSAs of the lower Yangtze River basin from 2002 to 2021 estimated by the GRACE are compared with the TWS from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) with the aspects of trend and correlation. The TWSAs from GRACE and the TWS from GLDAS in the study area are both on a slight upward trend. The Pearson correlation coefficient and the spectral analysis present a strong correlation between the two elements. According to the high correlation between the two elements, both linear and nonlinear methods are used to reconstruct a long-term GRACE data, and an improved Grey-Markov model is proposed to predict the future TWSA in the study area. The results show that a linear relationship occurs between the two elements. Moreover, the forecast results show that the TWSA of the lower Yangtze River basin will exceed 0.35 cm in 2021 and 2022, indicating continuous wet conditions in the basin. The basin should be prepared for the occurrence of floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lucrezi, S., 2021. Remote public engagement in coastal citizen science: A systematic scoping review. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(6), 1271–1287. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal monitoring and management can be enhanced by citizen science (CS), especially because Information and Communications Technology (ICT) enables remote public engagement in CS. To date, this type of engagement would benefit from a thorough investigation to highlight its supportive role to coastal CS, identify its unique challenges, and propose solutions and research avenues to sustain its development. A systematic scoping review and qualitative analysis of scientific papers (N = 53) described the state of the art in remote public engagement in coastal CS. The analysis revealed unique advantages of remote engagement in coastal CS, including flexibility, social inclusivity, and organised communication management. Challenges, mainly associated with technology, could be solved by simplifying interfaces to streamline communication and participation in CS. The review identified research gaps and confirmed the potentially positive contribution of remote engagement in coastal CS, which could enhance coastal monitoring, management, public participation, and stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Choi, Y.; Ji, Y.-Y., and Joung, S., 2023. Experimental counting efficiency calibration of in situ marine radioactivity monitoring systems in Busan (Korea) based on seawater salinity. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 377–383. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. In situ underwater gamma-ray spectrometry is an effective method for monitoring marine radioactivity. With in situ measurement, however, it is difficult to calibrate counting efficiency experimentally, and a simulation is thus generally used to calculate the theoretical efficiency without experimental verification. This paper proposes a method to establish experimental counting efficiency by estimating the radioactivity concentration of 40K, which is a natural radionuclide emitting a 1,461 keV gamma ray, based on the salinity of seawater. The measurement was performed in a marine monitoring system in Busan equipped with a 3″φ × 3″ NaI(Tl) detector in a tank filled with sampled seawater. The results were compared with the theoretical counting efficiency calculated by simulation to verify the validity of the simulation. The results confirmed the experimental efficiency and theoretical efficiency were in very good agreement. In addition, using the validated simulation, a theoretical efficiency curve according to the gamma-ray energy was obtained. For simpler application, the concept of radioactivity conversion factor in units of s–1 · Bq–1 · kg for each peak was proposed. If the ratio of the conversion factor of each peak to the factor of 40K is obtained, the conversion factors for artificial radionuclides, which are difficult to measure practically, can be estimated by multiplying these ratios by the 40K conversion factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2023. Sigillographic representation of archimorphs and ideograms as related to the BCCS (Biophysical Cross-Shore Classification System) using distributive vexillology in coastal belt cartographic displays. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 234–245. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The sigillation (sigilization) process (i.e. creation of flags, signs, symbols, emblems) provides an opportunity to characterize coastal belts via semiotics through rapid visual inspection of satellite imagery. Emblematic depictions of eco-geomorphological units using the Biophysical Cross-Shore Classification System (BCCS) is offered as a semiotic proposal using graphic symbolization based on the development of a unique color scheme for cross-shore archetypes coupled with ideograms that are derived from predefined archimorphs. The resulting sigil formats are amenable to flagging coastal belts in a symbolization that combines color with ideographic displays. Although compliant to larger scale (smaller areas) coastal surveying and mapping efforts, the sigils are most useful in the characterization of smaller scale (larger areas) satellite image views. Derivation of classificatory units at smaller scales requires zoom capabilities to ascertain the dominant archetypes presented in the coastal sigil flags. In addition to the small-scale presentation of coastal belt characteristics as vexillographic overlays on satellite images, the sigillation process allows the amalgamation of colors and ideographs to represent dimorphic and polymorphic sigil combinations, as in the case, for example, of beach-dune (Be-Du) dimorphs or barrier island (beach-dune-wetland-lagoon-wetland; Be-Du-W-L-W) polymorphs. These color-symbol schema allow for a new kind of kinematic coastal classification mapping, where distributive dynamism results in cartographic displays at presentation scales (depending on paper page size) for using the BCCS. These cognitive mapping procedures compliment algorithmic autoclassification via machine interpretation by providing a rapid and simplified means of coastal characterization based on visual ques and cerebral perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kosyan, R.D.; Krylenko, M.V., and Krylenko, V.V., 2023. Current state of the northeast Black Sea coast along the Russian Caucasus. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 317–327. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper describes the state of the NE Black Sea coasts in the 21st century. The modern development and economic use of these coasts in the conditions of climate change and anthropogenic load are analyzed. A geomorphological feature of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the predominance of denudation processes over accumulative ones. There is only one large accumulative sandy section—the Anapa Bay-Bar. Abrasion shores with narrow beaches are widespread in the NE part of the Russian Black Sea coast. There is no united longshore sediment flux. Local lithodynamic cells on concave sections of the shore are characteristic. The conditions of these shores are favorable for the use of local coast protection. In the SE section, the dynamics of the shores in natural conditions were determined by the sediment balance. The active abrasive processes were combined with a large volume of beach-forming sediments carried out by rivers. Up to the middle of the 20th century, there was a single longshore sediment flux toward the SE and broad beaches near river mouths. The Imereti Lowland was formed between the mouths of the Mzymta and the Psou rivers. Irrational and excessive technogenic transformation of the shoreline and river basins in 20th century resulted in a progressive lack of sediment supply. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the width of the beaches has been decreasing throughout the entire area, and the stability of the coast has been maintained artificially by shore protection structures. The Russian sector of the Caucasus Black Sea coast is now densely populated and is an important recreational and economic zone. The main problems that had to be solved in the past and will have to be solved in the future are the shortage of beaches and the protection of the coast and objects located on it from wave impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robertson, Q.; Wozencraft, J.; Dong, Z.; Pierro, T., and Zhang, K., 2023. Demonstrated coastal engineering applications using lidar data. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(2), 334–346. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper documents the many uses of light detection and ranging (lidar) data within the profession of coastal engineering. Lidar provides the capability to conduct large-scale mapping of coastal engineering projects at high spatial resolutions over short time periods. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Digital Coast is a major access point for lidar data in the United States that provides data sets in analysis-ready formats from a number of data providers, such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Coastal Mapping Program. Examples of engineering projects that utilize lidar data are grouped as feasibility studies, design of beach nourishment and borrow areas, monitoring of project performance, and emergency poststorm analysis. The Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) toolbox combines metric extraction from lidar data sets with shoreline and volume change within an ESRI GIS environment to provide rapid and long-term assessment of changes along sandy coastlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee, B.W.; Baek, D.; Ha, T.; Lee, K.J., and Yoon, J.-S., 2023. Experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of partially perforated-wall caisson breakwaters designed for the southeast coast of Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 167–174. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. If a perforated wall is installed on the front and rear surfaces of the caisson, then it is possible to reduce the wave reflection and the discharge of wave overtopping caused by energy dissipation. Consequently, the energy dissipation helps reduce the transmitted wave and improve the stability of the breakwater. This paper discusses the hydraulic performance (i.e. the wave reflection, wave transmission, discharge of wave overtopping, and stability of breakwater) of four perforated breakwaters as measured by physical experiments in a wave flume. The irregular wave was generated by the wave condition of the target site. Three breakwaters were designed: a perforated wall with a single chamber for a 50-year return period and two perforated walls with double chambers for a 100-year return period. Based on experimental results, the breakwater with a double chamber showed the best performance of 0.612, 0.102, and 0.076 m3/(m · s) for the reflection, transmission coefficient, and overtopping discharge, respectively. In particular, in the stability experiment of the armor units and perforated caissons, the breakwater with double chamber has not experienced any failure in any of the test cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2023. Conceptualization of sequential cross-shore eco-geomorphological units in topographic profiles: Introduction and application of coastal belt archimorphs and ideograms as related to the BCCS (Biophysical Cross-Shore Classification System). Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 1–17. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The BCCS (Biophysical Cross-Shore Classification System) is a method of coastal classification based on the concept of using cross-shore eco-geomorphological catenary sequences to define the nature of coastal belts with variable extensions inland and alongshore. The methodology of the BCCS is based on the recognition of cross- and alongshore sequences (Coastal Ecological Sequences, CES) that form overarching catenas (Dominant Catenary Sequences, DCS) when viewed with satellite images in planview. Extension of these concepts to embrace topographic slices across the coast (in a tomographic sense) produces archimorphs that show actual surface (terrestrial and marine) elevations above and below sea level. Based on elevation data from satellite imagery, several repeating profile shapes were concised to a modicum of idealized line-illustrated conceptual shapes that are referred to as ideograms. The ideograms are based on archimorphs, which are the dominant or essential archetypical shapes of eco-geomorphological environments, such as barrier, beach, beach ridge, channel, cliff, coral reef, delta, developed, dune, flat, ice, lagoon, lake, mountain, rock, till, upland, or wetland archetypes. Archimorphs typically combine cross-shore with each other to form polymorphic sequences used to subdivide ideograms into archetype or subarchetype segments. By doing so, a better understanding of spatial linkages between generalized eco-geomorphological units is obtained. Eighteen coastal ideograms are presented in this paper as prospects for stylizing profile shapes to gather immediate conceptualizations of coastal belts. Selected profiles from around the world were constructed to show, in a single illustration, the principal components of cross-shore profiles that include information relating to (but not inclusive of) topographic shape, archimorphs based on elevation data, catenary archimorphic sequences (polymorphs), ideograms based on idealized tomographs, and correlation to the BCCS codifications that include Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) and terrestrial Ecoregions (ERs). This kind of conceptual collage amalgamates diverse types of information into a compact format for easy comprehension of coastal setups in an instantaneous view. These annotated classification profiles can be used for coastal belts the world over and have applications in the biophysical, geographical, managerial, and military sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murphy, K.A.; Zawada, D.G., and Yates, K.K., 2022. Subsampling large-scale digital elevation models to expedite geospatial analyses in coastal regions. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(6), 1236–1245. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Large-area, high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and/or multibeam echosounder data sets are commonly used in many scientific disciplines. These DEMs can span thousands of square kilometers, typically with a spatial resolution of 1 m or finer, and can be difficult to process and analyze without specialized computers and software. Such DEMs often can be subsampled to expedite analysis with negligible impact on results for large-scale geospatial analyses. Subsampling can be achieved by creating a grid of points that specify the locations from which to extract elevation values from the DEM. This paper presents a method that can be used to accurately perform subsampling of large-scale, high-resolution DEMs using GIS software. This subsampling method was applied to two LIDAR-derived DEMs encompassing 242 km2 of the northern Florida Reef Tract as an example application and to test subsampling accuracy. Results indicate that subsampling 1-m-resolution DEMs using a 2-m-spaced grid results in no significant difference in mean elevation or other basic statistics for analyses performed over multiple spatial scales ranging from 1 km2 to 242 km2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lu, Y.; Shao, W.; Chang, X.; Chuang, Z., and Zhou, Z., 2022. Analyzing wind direction flow control on full-scale amphibious assault ship airwakes using a computational fluid dynamics simulation. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(6), 1181–1194. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper presents an aerodynamic study on flow control by different wind directions on full-scale amphibious assault ship (AAS) airwakes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation was employed to conduct a numerical simulation for the analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of the ship airwake flowfields under wind impacting. The aerodynamic performance of a small-scale landing helicopter assault (LHA) model was first simulated and then validated with Particle Image Velocimetry experimental data from the VSHAIP project of the NASA Ames Research Center. Employing CFD simulations, the computed unsteady ship airwakes compared well to experimental data. After validation, full-scale AAS airwakes were further simulated by CFD to capture the vortex patterns and velocity distributions of winds in the Head, Red, and Green directions surrounding the AAS. Building on this, the range of wind direction angles of relatively stable vertical wind speed above each landing point is discussed. The aerodynamic analysis and numerical method described in this study will build a strong foundation supporting the numerical simulation of the ship airwakes in full scale as well as small scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aangri, A.; Hakkou, M.; Krien, Y., and Benmohammadi, A., 2022. Predicting shoreline change for the Agadir and Taghazout coasts (Morocco). Journal of Coastal Research, 38(5), 937–950. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Prediction of the long-term shoreline change under the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors is a fundamental goal for coastal managers. This paper presents a simple model for predicting the shoreline change for the Agadir and Taghazout coasts, which consist of several sandy beaches, in the horizons 2050 and 2100; this coastal area plays a vital economic role in this region. The anticipation of its protection against erosion is necessary in view of the effects of climate change, and it will preserve its potential for tourism and urban development in the long term through the establishment of the construction setback line. The approach proposed here combines the long-term extrapolations of historical shoreline changes (1969–2020) in the future, and the estimate of the shoreline retreat due to sea level rise (SLR) by using Bruun's rule, using the severe RCP 8.5 scenario, and taking into account the contribution of vertical land movements. The model used has been calibrated through incorporating a correction factor (F), calculated by comparing observed and predicted data over a long period. The analysis of the predictions results provided in this work showing a potential risk of erosion threatening all seaside tourist and urban infrastructures along this coast. The average retreat is estimated at 12 m by 2050 and 51 m by 2100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee, S.-E. and Lee, B.-H., 2023. Assessing the effect of wind on the motion peaks of small marine vessels. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 593-597. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The loss of stability have been regarded as a major cause of marine accidents in small ships which have continued to increase over the last decade. In most them, it is known that a strong hull load generated by a sudden wind attack often causes small vessels to capsize. In this regard, it is necessary to analyse the effect of wind load on ship motion in order to operate them safely. Therefore, the present paper aims to develop a procedure to assess the effect of wind loads on the motion of small ships. Further, the present study includes the numerical results under three conditions: wave only, uniform wind speed, and the NPD wind model. Details of the proposed procedure are presented in a flow chart. The applicability is demonstrated using an example of a 9.77-ton fishing boat under sea state five. Wind loads acting on the fishing boat were estimated in the authors' previous paper. The numerical analysis was performed using AQWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X., and Wang, D., 2019. The impact of high-tech product export on the regional competitiveness of science technology and maritime transportation innovation. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 780–784. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The export and maritime transportation of high-tech product, as a factor to evaluate CSTI (competitiveness of science technology and innovation), has always been regarded as a general indicator, and not been paid enough attention. The traditional approach usually collects related factors of CSTI as much as possible, and the weight difference of each factor is not significant or even considered equally. By the approach of Principal Component Analysis, this paper reduces the number of factors of CSTI, and discover that the export and transportation of high-tech products has significant influence on Regional CSTI. Finally, the paper evaluates the regional CSTI of China based on the indicators including high-tech product exports and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhou, L.; Bao, X.; Yu, J.; Zhang, Y., and Feng, R., 2019. Recent initiatives and developments in the ecological utilization of marine resources (EUMR) in China. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 443–449. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Since the 1990's, China's marine management has undergone a series of developments. It has progressed from lawlessness to the rule of law, from blind development to a rational planning and from over-exploitation to ecological use of marine resources. Based on the ecological conditions and the characteristics of the marine utilization in China, this paper describes the concept of the "ecological utilization of marine resources (EUMR)" and its development, connotation and foundation. Furthermore, it presents the new regulations on China's regional infrastructural planning for marine utilization, protection and utilization of the coastline, marine ecological red line, and others. Lastly, this paper proposes some suggestions on the implementation of the EUMR from four aspects, namely, the ecological development, ecological protection, resource conservation and remediation. Adhering to the EUMR has become the new principle of marine management in China, and this principle provides a direction for solving the problems regarding the excessive consumption of the marine resources and deteriorating ecological environment. Furthermore, it can act as a healthy base of marine management experiences for other coastal countries to study and follow them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dong, Y.; Zhang, F., and Fu, L., 2019. Ecological design: The role of extended producer responsibility system. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 354–361. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the development of the society, terrestrial and marine ecosystems are destroyed seriously. To protect the ecosystems, ecological design is the key factor to implement the extended producer responsibility system (EPR), which can effectively improve the nature resource utilization, and reduce the waste of resources and environmental destruction during the production, circulation, use and processing stages for products. Firstly, this paper studies the driving factors of producer extended responsibility system, which includes government regulation and incentive, consumer demand pressure, the internal environment of the enterprise management and so on. After analyzing these factors, this paper studies the driving factors on ecological design. Through interviews and questionnaires on the production enterprises, and combined with the current research literatures in china and abroad, this paper verified and developed the scale for ecological design, extended producer responsibility, the driving force of ecological performance factors. The results show that as key elements of EPR, government regulation and incentives, corporate internal environment management can effectively promote the concept and behavior of ecological design of manufacturing enterprises; but consumer demand pressure cannot significantly affect the implementation of ecological design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liu, Y.; Wang, B., and Liu, J., 2019. Establishment of quality life evaluation indicators system of water resource engineering implementation community. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 320–328. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Despite the research on philosophy, limited research has been done on quality life evaluation indicators system of water resource engineering implementation community. This paper aims to establish and optimize such a system. With the literature study approach, this paper selects 32 evaluation indicators and gains original data; it uses correlation analysis with principle component analysis to screen the indicators, and establishes the evaluation indicators system of civil engineering implementation community. By establishing this system, it fills the research gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee, J., 2024. The International Conference on Aquatic Science & Technology (i-CoAST): Reflecting on the first 10 years with the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) and the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF). Journal of Coastal Research, 40(1), 228–234. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. The year 2023 will mark the 10th anniversary of the first international Conference on Aquatic Science & Technology (i-CoAST). It's hard to believe that so much time has passed since the conference's inception, and it seems like only yesterday that we were working so hard to make it all happen. The continued development and continuation of i-CoAST as a multidisciplinary conference on coastal and marine issues would not have been possible without the dedicated support of the Journal of Coastal Research (JCR) and the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF), and we would like to sincerely thank our friend and Editor-in-Chief of the JCR, Dr. Christopher Makowski, for always supporting and encouraging us. We hope this essay tells the fascinating story of how i-CoAST started, where we've been, and where we're headed. I know I couldn't have done any of this without the trust and support of my friends and colleagues, who have always supported i-CoAST, so I'd like to take this opportunity to thank them all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anderson, R.B.; Carter, O.T.; Pearce, K.G., and Capdevila, L.A., 2022. User perceptions of the Pleasure Point seawall in Santa Cruz county, California, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(4), 828–843. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Communities up and down the California coast face the looming threat of rising seas, coastal erosion, and shoreline retreat. In this paper, the researchers use anthropological methods and a user survey to explore the social dimensions of the Pleasure Point seawall to assess some of the longer-term implications of coastal armoring in California and the U.S. more broadly. The users surveyed had an overall positive to neutral opinion of a coastal retention structure (in this case a seawall). About 35% had positive opinions of the seawall, 30% had neutral opinions, and 18% had negative opinions. While these results trend positive to neutral, they also reveal divided community opinions about and experiences with the seawall. The open-ended portions of the survey, combined with participant observation and follow-up interviews, add another qualitative dimension to this data. The participants in the survey and research expressed concerns about engineering and ecological issues, whether questions about how long the structure will last or observations/opinions about its impacts on local surf conditions, backwash, and loss of beach sand. Participants also expressed concerns about the social impacts of the seawall, including access issues, crowds, growing risks, problems with increasing numbers of inexperienced users, tourism growth, and fears about gentrification and local displacement. Combined, these insights illustrate how seawalls and other coastal armoring structures can and should be understood as engineered structures with critical social impacts that intersect with their physical, material, and environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, H.; Rui, X.; Wang, Z.; Qiu, Z.; Cai, L.; Zhang, Z., and Zhao, M., 2022. The effects of physical properties on the compression modulus of coastal fully-weathered red sandstone: Consolidation compressibility and the settlement calculation of foundation. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(4), 870–884. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The compressibility of rock and soil can be characterized by compression modulus, which is influenced by multiple physical properties, so it is difficult to be quickly and accurately measured on-site; thus, comprehensive exploration of their influence on the compression modulus is significant. In this paper, the physical properties of water content, fines content, and relative compaction, which can be easily measured on-site, were selected. Based on the orthogonal combination consolidation test, the variation of compression modulus of fully weathered red sandstone was investigated. Then, the relationship between compression modulus and the combination of physical properties was learned using the decision tree algorithm model for the first time, which can perform accurate and real-time prediction. The results showed that the cubic and quaternary polynomials can accurately represent the variation of compression modulus with a single physical property, and the model based on a 10-level decision tree algorithm can learn the coupling relationship between compression modulus and combination of physical properties to accurately calculate and predict the compression modulus. The algorithm model can be further applied to calculate the settlement of foundation in fully weathered red sandstone stratum with different water content during the precipitation process, which can effectively guide the engineering construction. This research provides a reference for the study of consolidation compressibility of fully weathered red sandstone and similar stratum, as well as the settlement calculation of foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prado, M.F.V.; Dalinghaus, C.; Gomes da Silva, P.; Weschenfelder, J., and Klein, A.H.F., 2022. Estimating the different return periods of storm impact regimes on beach and foredune systems based in hindcast data: Applications to exposed and sheltered beaches of Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(4), 844–859. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper presents an adapted methodology to estimate the different return periods of storm-induced impacts on beaches and foredune systems based on hindcast data, with examples of applications in areas exposed to and sheltered from the wave action. The methodology consists of using wave, tide, and surge reanalysis data to obtain large series of total water level, which are used to estimate the values related to different return periods (5,10, 25, and 50 years). Those levels are summed to the corresponding projection of sea level rise from the worst-case scenario projections. The final values are used to classify the beaches according to the coastal storm impact regime as (1) swash, (2) collision, (3) overwash, and (4) inundation. Finally, the limit between each regime is established based on the relation among dynamical and geomorphological parameters. The methodology was applied to the east (exposed beaches) and north (sheltered beaches) coasts of Santa Catarina Island (Florianópolis, Southern Brazil), a zone constantly submitted to extreme storm events and where large series of measured data are commonly missing. The results for Santa Catarina Island indicate that the storm impact regime in most of the exposed beaches is similar for different return periods (most of them classified as collision regime). Overwash regime is predominant on sheltered beaches. Sectors with an intense urban occupation are classified as under inundation regime for all return periods, while zones with well-developed foredune are classified as the collision regime. Some of those results could be qualitatively verified with observations from recent storm events, highlighting the value of this kind of methodology to estimate the impact of coastal storms in zones with an important lack of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basack, S.; Loganathan, M.K.; Goswami, G., and Khabbaz, H., 2022. Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers and associated risk management: Critical review and research directives. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(3), 654–672. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal regions mainly rely on sources of local fresh groundwater for domestic, irrigational, and industrial usages, which are vulnerable to high-risk of getting intruded by saltwater. Excessive pumping of fresh groundwater initiates advances of saltwater-freshwater interface inward due to hydraulic equilibrium and continuity. This introduces saline water intrusion into coastal aquifers. This is also caused by natural hazards like sea-level rise and storm-surge. The saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers contaminates the freshwater storage, thereby emerging as a major environmental issue. To incorporate adequate coastal groundwater control and management techniques that are effective and conveniently implementable, understanding the phenomenon of saline water intrusion and the risk assessment is of utmost importance. Several scientific contributions including theoretical (analytical and numerical) solutions, experimental (laboratory and field) results, design recommendations, and risk analysis are available, indicating remarkable advances in the research area. The authors have attempted to summarize the significant contributions over the last few decades in each of these study aspects through extensive literature survey and critical analysis of the existing knowledge. It is observed that risk prevention and control methodologies such as qanat-well structure, shallow and deep wells might not be effective in many coastal areas as the complex intrusion process is yet to be understood clearly. Moreover, the high intensity coastal hazards that often occur due to climate change continue to make aquifers more vulnerable, adversely affecting the coastal groundwater management. The paper presents a critical overview of existing studies on saline water intrusion into coastal aquifers and associated risks and management techniques. Furthermore, adequate research directives with recommendations for future development are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiang, T., 2022. Multiple-criteria decision-making attributes approach for carbon-reduction construction in small islands. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(2), 310–318. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The group decision-making with dependent attributes problem (GDMDAP) is an increasingly important problem for small islands in the construction industry to achieve carbon-reduction and sustainability goals with a win-win vendor selection process. In this paper, an innovative approach that integrates the stochastic matrix and the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is applied to solve the GDMDAP. The 795 records from the 47 carbon-reduction projects in Kinmen, an island with zero carbon visions in Taiwan, are surveyed from 2014 to 2021. The 67% decision attributes in the case study are dependent based on the Spearman's rho test. The test verifies that decision-making is difficult to apply to the traditional multiple-criteria decision-making method for carbon-reduction projects. The analytic network process method is also difficult to estimate because of the range problem of ratio variable scale. Based on the stochastic matrix and modified linear normalization, a 0–100 scale decision matrix with dependent attributes is transferred to a 0–1 scale with less than a two times scores gap. The group VIKOR method is used to integrate the acceptable advantage and acceptable stability. The performances of the traditional ranking method and the proposed approach are compared with one of the 47 carbon-reduction projects. The results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xu, H.; Shao, Z.; Chen, C.; Wang, Z.; Cai, L.; Li, Z., and Huang, C., 2022. Characteristics and evolution of tunnel collapse in fully-weathered coastal red sandstone strata. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(2), 289–301. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Understanding characteristics of tunnel collapse and its evolution is the premise of effective prevention and control. Fully-weathered coastal red sandstone is widely distributed in coastal areas, and the characteristics of tunnel collapse under this stratum are not clear. This paper studies characteristics of tunnel collapse and its evolution by conducting a model test of tunnel excavation in fully-weathered coastal red sandstone with digital image processing, where the whole process of rock mass failure, displacement, and strain variations are studied. The results show that: (1) the instability failure of the fully-weathered coastal red sandstone rock mass is a progressive process under the load. Three major collapses occur consecutively, where the first and the second start at the arch foot and arch waist, respectively; both manifested as cracks developing upward to the middle until the cracks penetrate. The third is mainly manifested as the collapse of rock mass block above the tunnel crown. (2) The displacement and shear strain around the tunnel increase first with the load and then stabilize. The vertical displacement is more significant than the horizontal displacement. Tunnel crown is where the vertical displacement increases the fastest and accumulates the most, which directly threatens the rock mass stability and thus deserves special attention. The arch waist has the most intense change of shear strain. (3) All three collapses end up forming a stable balanced arch. The three collapses show the evolution that the foot of the balanced arch gradually moves horizontally outward, and the height of the balanced arch gradually expands upward. The shape of the balanced arch can be well fitted by a parabolic function. Practical suggestions on tunnel collapse prevention and control of fully-weathered coastal red sandstone are also put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sun, P.; Zhou, J.; Liu, Y., and Wang, Y., 2022. Lattice Boltzmann method for simulations of nozzle flows in coastal environments. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 204–217. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A better understanding of flow in pipes is considered to be critical for marine equipment because it helps to improve pipe performance related to vibration and structure problems. In this study, flow simulations were conducted using a large–eddy-simulation lattice Boltzmann method (LES-LBM) in a nozzle under various Reynolds numbers (Re) and the effect of the three-dimensional cubic lattice models D3Q15, D3Q19, and D3Q27 was examined. The results show that when Re < 200 (i.e. the asymmetry of the results calculated using lattice models D3Q15 and D3Q19 is below 5%) or when the lattice model D3Q27 is adopted, computational results can satisfy the requirement of rotational invariance. When 250 < Re < 300 or the flow suddenly traverses an abrupt expansion, the isotropy of lattice models D3Q15 and D3Q19 experience "collapse". Defective planes cannot be used to completely solve complex flows and accurately transfer flow information. The resultant problems in the computational results include preference in the circumferential distribution of axial velocity and contraction effects of the phase portrait of axial and radial velocities. More complex flows (e.g., for situations with large Re or fluid traversing abrupt expansion) universally cause more significant lattice model effects, where nonlinear flow phenomena become dominant. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that solutions in the entire computational domain are independent of lattice orientation during flow simulation using LBM. Overall, the results in this paper have important potential applications in predicting flow characteristics for pipe flows in marine structures such as marine risers in coastal environments and zones farther out to sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeng, C.-S.; Zhan, J.-M., and Hu, W.-Q., 2022. Numerical study on compound-slope seawalls with different types of protective facings. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 182–195. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The compound seawall is an important infrastructure to protect the coast effectively against tide and wave impacts. In this paper, a hybrid realizable k – ∊/laminar model and a volume of fluid interface capture method were used to study compound-slope seawalls with different types of protective facings. An analytical method was used to separate the incident wave and the reflected wave, and the numerical results for a compound-slope seawall with a hollow-block protective facing structure were verified by experimental results. The monitored wave surface, incident wave, and reflected wave data in the numerical simulation were compared with the experimental results, and the results show that the numerical model can simulate the interaction process of waves and compound-slope seawalls well. Furthermore, a series of numerical simulation studies on compound-slope seawalls under different protective facing structures with different wave heights, wave periods, water depths, and structure slopes was conducted. The results show that the hollow-block protective facings have a significant weakening effect on the reflected wave height, wave run-up, and wave force when the wave is moderate, which is important for the safety of seawall and onshore building structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gou, L.; Yang, S., and Ren, L., 2022. Coupling analysis of the quality and quantity of marine economic growth from the perspective of high-quality development. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 218–228. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The transformation of a marine economy to one based on quality and efficiency is imperative for building maritime power and enabling high-quality marine development. High-quality development can be achieved by developing the marine economy in terms of both quantity and quality. Understanding the coupling between quality and quantity is, therefore, instrumental to governments' decision-making processes, particularly when trying to improve quality and ensure efficiency. This paper presents a case study of China's Shandong Province. After an in-depth discussion on the definition of quality in terms of marine economic growth, a system of indicators was constructed (based on five dimensions) to evaluate the quality of marine economic growth. Following this, a set pair analysis was used to measure the quality. Finally, coupling and coordination models and kernel density estimation were employed to identify patterns in the dynamic coupling between quality and quantity. The results showed that from 2006 to 2016, the quality of marine economic growth in Shandong Province generally followed an upward trend. Furthermore, the growth in quantity was increasingly driven by the trends in quality. However, with a decreasing coupling degree and coupling and coordination degrees between quantity and quality, there is still considerable room to improve coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makumbirofa, S.D. and Saayman, A., 2022. The influence of environmental value orientations on the overall scuba diving experience within a marine protected area. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(1), 168–181. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper reports on the findings of a discrete choice experiment that aims to value the different attributes of the scuba diving experience in the Portofino Marine Protected Area (MPA), taking into account the various environmental value orientations of the divers. The attributes were divided into five different qualities—water visibility, diver crowding, species diversity, species number, and the willingness to pay—whereas the general awareness of consequences scale measured value orientations. Using a self-administered choice questionnaire, divers were asked to state their choice from different sets of attributes. A sample of 556 completed questionnaires were collected, with each respondent answering two random choice cards representing a choice between two different sets of attributes. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate scuba divers' willingness to pay for the various environmental attributes. The findings show that the most valued attribute for scuba divers in the Portofino MPA is underwater visibility followed by a less crowded dive site. The divers are predominantly egoistic in their value orientation, indicating that pro-environmental behaviour and intentions stem from self-interest. Regulations and education programmes that emphasise direct benefits to divers' diving experience would therefore encourage pro-environmental behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]