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Recently, nanoparticle (NP)-based drugs have been developed to increase the efficiency of existing cancer treatment approaches; however, how NPs interact with cellular systems is still uncertain. In this study, we have examined the ability of Se–FA NPs to enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human AGS gastric cancer cells as well as their ability alone and in combination with 5-FU to modulate autophagy. The prepared NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscope. Cytotoxicity and autophagy-modulating activity of NPs were determined using MTT, q-PCR, and western blot methods. The size and surface charge of NPs were determined to be ~ 90.4 nm and − 53.8 mV, respectively. Se–FA NPs enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-FU (up to 4.1-fold) and consequently inhibit autophagy flux in AGS cells. These findings confirm the therapeutic potential of combining Se–FA NPs with 5-FU in an in vitro gastric cancer model and may suggest an approach to overcome chemotherapy resistance in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth based metal oxides are regarded as potential candidates for fabricating photoelectrodes due to their cost-effectiveness, high stability, and significant light absorbing capability. Hence, our present study focuses on rendering an extensive evaluation of nano-sized bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting activity. Bismuth tungstate nanoparticles have been prepared by a facile solvothermal route, and their structural, morphological, elemental composition, and optical properties have been characterized by employing powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) technique. For Bi2WO6 sample, the onset potential obtained for OER under dark and light conditions are ηdark = 0.83 V and ηlight = 0.71 V vs. Ag/AgCl respectively. The magnitude of photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs. RHE has been measured as 0.17 µA/cm2. From the Mott–Schottky plot, the flat band potential (Efb) for Bi2WO6 photocatalyst has been obtained as − 0.38 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Nanosized Bi2WO6 exhibited low onset potential, good photocatalytic stability, and suitable band edge potentials facilitating them to act as an efficient photoanode under stimulated solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]