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Objectives: Depression is a prevalent outcome of traumatic experiences, such as combat and war captivity. This study explores the heterogeneity of changes over time and assesses the contribution of trauma exposure (combat vs. war captivity), hardiness, and social support for depression trajectories. Methods: Two groups of Israeli veterans were assessed in 1991, 2003, 2008, and 2015: 149 former prisoners‐of‐war (ex‐POWs) and 107 combat veterans. Protective factors were evaluated in 1991. Group‐based trajectory modeling was conducted to identify latent trajectories of change. Results: Four trajectories of "resiliency" (62.8%), "delayed onset" (25.1%), "exacerbation" (6.2%), and "chronicity" (5.9%) were found. The majority of the resilient group were combat veterans whereas the clinical groups consisted primarily of ex‐POWs. Lower hardiness and social support were related to more deleterious trajectories. Conclusions: Spirals of loss involving hardiness and social support, normative experiences, and contextual factors may present explanations for the various depression trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Assess the prevalence of US Army aviation personnel with common mental disorders, the percentage that return to duty following mental health treatment, and predictors of return to duty. Methods: Examined the prevalence over a 5‐year period. The percentage of personnel who were granted a waiver to return to flying duty following treatment was also determined. Results: The results revealed a 5‐year prevalence of 0.036 (95% CI = 0.034–0.038) for personnel experiencing one or more of the mental disorders (N = 1,155). Prevalence was highest for adjustment disorders and for nonpilot participants. Overall, personnel were granted a waiver 55.3% of the time and suspended or disqualified 44.7% of the time. Waivers were more likely to be granted for an adjustment disorder and for pilots. Conclusions: Discussion focuses on the importance of aviation personnel receiving mental health treatment when problems are not severe to maximize the likelihood of returning to duty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]