1. Addition of Either Lonidamine or Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Does Not Improve Survival in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With High-Dose Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide
- Author
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Papaldo, P., Lopez, M., Cortesi, Enrico, Cammilluzzi, E., Antimi, M., Terzoli, E., Lepidini, G., Vici, P., Barone, C., Ferretti, G., Di Cosimo, S., Nistico, C., Carlini, P., Conti, F., Di Lauro, L., Botti, C., Vitucci, C., Fabi, A., Giannarelli, D., Marolla, P., Di Maio, M., Perrone, F., Gallo, C., Iaffaioli, R. V., Manzione, L., Piantedosi, F. V., Cigolari, S., Illiano, A., Barbera, S., Robbiati, S. F., Piazza, E., Ianniello, G. P., Frontini, L., Veltri, E., Castiglione, F., Rosetti, F., De Maio, E., Maione, P., Gridelli, C., Rossi, A., Barletta, E., Barzelloni, M. L., Signoriello, G., Bilancia, D., Dinota, A., Rosati, G., Germano, D., Lamberti, A., Pontillo, V., Brancacio, L., Crispino, C., Esposito, M., Battiloro, C., Tufano, G., Cioffi, A., Guardasole, V., Angelini, V., Guidetti, G., Renda, F., Romano, F., Volpintesta, A., Sannicolo, M., Filipazzi, V., Esani, G., Gambaro, A., Ferrario, S., Tinessa, V., Caprio, M. G., Zonato, S., Cabiddu, M., Raina, A., D'Aprile, M., Pistillucci, G., Porcile, G., Ostellino, O., Vinante, O., Azzarello, G., Gebbia, V., Borsellino, N., Testa, A., Gasparini, G., Morabito, A., Gattuso, D., Romito, S., Carrozza, F., Fava, S., Calcagno, A., Grimi, E., Bertetto, O., Ciuffreda, L., Parello, G., Maiorino, L., Santoro, A., Santoro, M., Failla, G., Aiello, R. A., Bearz, A., Sorio, R., Scalone, S., Clerici, M., Bollina, R., Belloni, P., Sacco, C., Sibau, A., Adamo, V., Altavilla, G., Scimone, A., Spatafora, M., Bellia, V., Hopps, M. R., Monfardini, S., Favaretto, A., Stefani, M., Corradini, G. M., Pavia, G., Scagliotti, G., Novello, S., Selvaggi, G., Tonato, M., Darwish, S., Michetti, G., Belometti, M. O., Labianca, R., Quadri, A., De Marinis, F., Migliorino, M. R., Martelli, O., Colucci, G., Galetta, D., Giotta, F., Isa, L., Candido, P., Rossi, N., Calandriello, A., Ferrau, F., Malaponte, E., Barni, S., Cazzaniga, M., Gebbia, N., Valerio, Mr, Belli, M., Colantuoni, G., Capuano, M. A., Angiolillo, M., Sollitto, F., Ardizzoia, A., Luporini, G., Locatelli, M. C., Pari, F., Aitini, E., Pedicini, T., Febbraro, A., Zollo, C., Di Costanzo, F., Bartolucci, R., Gasperoni, S., Gaion, F., Palazzolo, G., Galligioni, E., Caffo, O., Cortesi, E., D'Auria, G., Curcio, C., Vasta, M., Bumma, C., Celano, A., Bretti, S., Nettis, G., Anselmo, A., Mattioli, R., Aschelter, A., and Foa, P.
- Subjects
Adult ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Indazoles ,Filgrastim ,Cyclophosphamide ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Breast Neoplasms ,Gastroenterology ,Disease-Free Survival ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ,medicine ,Humans ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Epirubicin ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Lonidamine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Metastatic breast cancer ,Recombinant Proteins ,Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose: Lonidamine (LND) can enhance the activity of anthracyclines in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial was designed to determine whether the association of LND with high-dose epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC) could improve disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early breast cancer (BC) compared with EC alone. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was added to maintain the EC dose-intensity. Patients and Methods: From October 1991 to April 1994, 506 patients with stage I/II BC were randomly assigned to four groups: (A) epirubicin 120 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 administered intravenously on day 1 every 21 days for four cycles (124 patients); (B) EC plus LND 450 mg/d administered orally (125 patients); (C) EC plus G-CSF administered subcutaneously (129 patients); (D) EC plus LND plus G-CSF (128 patients). Results: Median follow-up was 55 months. Five-year DFS rate was similar for LND (B+D groups; 69.6%) versus non-LND arms (A+C groups; 70.3%) and G-CSF (C+D groups; 67.2%) versus non–G-CSF arms (A+B groups; 72.9%). Five-year overall survival (OS) was comparable in LND (79.1%) versus non-LND arms (81.3%) and in G-CSF (80.6%) versus non–G-CSF arms (79.6%). DFS and OS distributions in LND and G-CSF arms did not change according to tumor size, node, receptor, and menopausal status. G-CSF dramatically reduced hematologic toxicity without having a significant impact on dose-intensity (98.1% v 95.5% for C+D and A+B groups, respectively). Conclusion: EC is active and well tolerated in patients with early breast cancer. The addition of LND or G-CSF does not improve DFS or OS.
- Published
- 2003