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Aims: The aims of the study were to explore the impact of caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms on nursing staff and identify factors predicting their intention to use personal protective equipment and their ability to comply with advised infection prevention and control measures. Background: Carriage of multi‐drug resistant organisms and corresponding infection prevention and control measures have a major impact on patients. Limited research has been done to investigate the impact of caring for these patients on nursing staff. Design: A cross‐sectional design. Methods: Online survey among Dutch nursing staff in various healthcare settings. Prediction analyses were conducted using random forest. The STROBE checklist was used preparing the manuscript. Results: 974 respondents were included. The majority of nursing staff reported to have experience in caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms. Relevant dilemmas in daily practice were identified. Important predictors of the intention to use protective equipment were practicing hand hygiene, usable protocols, favourable attitudes and perceptions, as well as knowledge. Important predictors of the ability to comply with advised measures were usable and findable protocols, a suitable work environment and practicing hand hygiene. Conclusion: We have gained comprehensive insight into experiences, attitudes, perceptions, knowledge and dilemmas in daily practice of nursing staff caring for patients carrying multi‐drug resistant organisms. To enhance their intention to use protective equipment and their ability to comply with advised measures, activities should focus on improving hand hygiene and the usability of protocols. Additionally, efforts are needed to improve knowledge, provide better resources and a more supportive work environment. All of which need to be specifically tailored to each healthcare setting. Relevance to clinical practice: The results can be used in the development of interventions to improve nursing care while reducing the unfavourable impact on nursing staff and supporting adherence to advised measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of radiofrequency (RF) scanning technology as an adjunct to manual counting protocols in preventing retained surgical items (RSIs) in the operating room. Background: Despite the implementation of rigorous manual counting protocols, RSIs remain one of the most common reported sentinel events in operating theatres that lead to adverse patient outcomes. Design: An integrative review. Methods: This review was guided by the Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework. A literature search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus with key search terms related to RSIs and RF was applied to select English articles from January 2011 till August 2021. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was utilised for study quality assessment while reporting of review was guided using the PRISMA checklist. Results: A total of 15 peer‐reviewed articles were included, enabling the knowledge on the RF scanning technology to be grouped into four themes, namely: detection accuracy of RF scanning technology, real‐time detection of surgical items using RF identification, the impact of the RF scanning technology for detecting RSIs on patient safety, and cost‐analysis of integrating the RF scanning technology in operating theatres. Conclusion: Radiofrequency scanning technology is effective in preventing RSIs with significant cost‐savings. Perioperative leaders should develop a multidisciplinary process to evaluate and select the most appropriate RF scanning technology as part of their patient safety programs. However, future studies with a larger sample size and robust research design, such as randomised controlled trial, should be considered to enhance the generalisability and rigour of evidence. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This review contributes to perioperative personnel's education/training of staff on using RF scanning technology to prevent RSIs. The cost‐effectiveness analysis enables the healthcare leaders to decide on the selection of appropriate RF technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of people with chronic and long‐term conditions has increased during recent decades; this has been addressed by leveraging information and communication technology (ICT) to develop new self‐care solutions. However, many of the developed technological solutions have not been tested in terms of impact(s) on patients' quality of care. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify the current best evidence on the types of interventions that have been developed to improve the quality of patient care through the clinical application of ICT in primary, tertiary or home care. Design: A systematic review, including a meta‐analysis, was conducted according to the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis guidelines. Data sources Relevant data were identified from four electronic databases: CINAHL, PUBMED, SCOPUS and MEDIC. Review methods: The eligibility criteria were formatted according to PICOS inclusion and exclusion criteria. At least two researchers performed the screening process separately, after which they agreed upon the results. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment and JBI Critical Appraisal tool for randomised controlled studies (RCTs) were used to assess research quality. Data were extracted, and a meta‐analysis was performed if the research met quantitative requirements. Results: Of the 528 initially identified studies, 11 studies were chosen for final data synthesis. All of the interventions integrated ICT solutions into patient care to improve the quality of care. Patients across all of the RCTs were educated through direct training, the provision of information relevant to their disease or one‐to‐one educational coaching. The interventions included various interactions, e.g. nurse expert visits and support, and support provided by peers, groups or family members. These interactions occurred through face‐to‐face coaching, virtual human coaching or virtual coaching that relied on an algorithm. The performed meta‐analysis included 6 of the 11 identified studies. The overall effect was nonsignificant, with three studies demonstrating a significant postintervention effect on patients' quality of care and quality of life and three studies a nonsignificant effect. Conclusions: The presented results suggest that ICT‐based care should be developed in collaboration with nurses and other health care professionals, involve patients in decision‐making and combine ICT solutions with human interaction and coaching. ICT education was found to be essential to the success of an intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine work‐related stress, nurse–physician collaboration and clinical reasoning competence to identify the factors that affected the triage competence of emergency room nurses. Background: A quick and accurate treatment plan for patients is first determined by a triage nurse. Triage competence is an indispensable requirement for emergency room nurses. Design: A cross‐sectional design was adopted. Methods: The participants comprised 156 emergency room nurses in South Korea who had more than 1 year of experience working in an emergency room. The collected data were analysed using SPSS 28.0. Self‐reported data were collected via the Korean Nursing Stress, Nurse–Physician Collaboration, Nurse Clinical Reasoning, Emergency Room Nurse Triage Competence assessing work‐related stress, nurse–physician collaboration, clinical reasoning competence and triage competence. In the analyses, multiple regression analysis using the enter method was conducted. We have followed through the STROBE checklist for the preparation of this manuscript. Results: Triage competence significantly differed according to the age (F = 9.93, p <.001), clinical experience (F = 18.82, p <.001), emergency department experience (F = 12.07, p <.001), triage experience (t = 4.40, p <.001) and if nurses had a triage certificate (t = 4.85, p <.001). The factors that influenced triage competence included clinical reasoning competence (β =.36, p <.001), emergency department experience (β =.21, p =.006), work‐related stress (β =.18, p =.007) and nurse–physician collaboration (β = −.17, p =.009); these factors accounted for 38.1% of the variance in triage competence. Conclusion: The results of this study show that efforts to improve triage competence should be based on clinical reasoning. In addition, an effective plan should be devised to improve nurse–physician collaboration and work‐related stress. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Education programmes should be developed to enhance clinical reasoning competence in order to improve triage competence. In addition, a method for managing work‐related stress among nurses in emergency departments and programmes to enhance collaborative physician–nurse relations should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To assess the level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‐related knowledge within patient and informal caregiver dyads, and to identify factors influencing the knowledge level considering the interdependence within the dyads. Background: Patients with COPD and their informal caregivers present poor disease knowledge and different characteristics are associated with their level of knowledge. Disease knowledge and related characteristics have been assessed separately in patients and informal caregivers, without considering possible influence within the dyads. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of dyads was recruited in outpatient and inpatient settings in Central and South Italy. The Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire was used to measure disease knowledge. Sociodemographic, clinical and caregiving characteristics, self‐efficacy and depression were measured in patients and caregivers. Multilevel modelling was used to analyse COPD knowledge at the level of the dyad to control for interdependency between patients and informal caregivers. The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed for study reporting. Results: We recruited 133 dyads. The total level of correct knowledge shared by dyads was 32.89%. Dyads presented higher levels of correct knowledge about disease symptoms, smoking cessation and vaccination, and lower about COPD treatment. Younger patients with greater self‐efficacy, who attended pulmonary rehabilitation and were cared for by a spouse/partner with low levels of depression, and informal caregivers who were patients' spouse/partner were more likely to have higher levels of disease‐related knowledge. Conclusions: Our study advances dyadic research in COPD. Future studies should investigate the effects of shared knowledge and incongruent knowledge (where one member knows more than the other) on patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to patient self‐care. Relevance to clinical practice: Our study shows what knowledge nurses should provide in educational programmes directed at patients and caregivers, and which dyads have greater knowledge deficits, to whom offer targeted educational interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To understand key factors for shared decision‐making (SDM) and the quality improvement of nursing decisions in the orthopaedic clinical environment. Method: This study applied the consistent consistent fuzzy preference relations (CFPRs) and importance‐performance analysis (IPA) methods to explore the attribute weights and SDM performance, respectively. The dataset was collected from 16 orthopaedic clinical nurses' experiences in a third‐grade and first‐level general hospital in Taizhou, China. This study was performed according to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: The results showed that "I made clear to my patient or patient's family that a nursing care decision needs to be made", "I explained the advantages and disadvantages of the nursing care options to my patient or patient's family" and "I told my patient or patient's family that there are different nursing care options for caring his/her medical condition" were key factors for affecting SDM. The statistical significance confidence and difference error of weight results were 98.321% and 1.679%, respectively. In addition, "I asked my patient or patient's family which nursing care option he/she prefers" was the key factor for improving orthopaedic clinical nursing in the case hospital. Conclusion: The hybrid CFPRs‐IPA model can help hospital managers effectively understand the key factors of SDM quality and improve the orthopaedic clinical nursing performance from nurses' perspectives. Relevance to Clinical Practice: A quantitative decision‐making model can help nurses understand the key factors affecting the quality of SDM in nursing decision‐making and promote nursing decision‐making and patient‐centred nursing service quality. A series of corresponding SDM training courses (i.e. concepts, knowledge and skills) can be provided for hospital and nursing department managers to maximise the potentially available resources. Patient or Public Contribution: The clinical care process should be committed to involving patients in their care decisions and also provide an opportunity for patients to gain a comprehensive understanding of the care decision‐making process in order to inform future patient contributions to care decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unreasonable workload and work‐related stress can reduce nurse leaders' job satisfaction and productivity and can increase absence and burnout. Nurse leaders' workload in public healthcare settings is relatively unresearched. The Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate nurse leaders' perceptions of workload and task distribution with relation to leading work tasks in public healthcare. Research Design, Participants and Research Context: A qualitative explorative design was used. The data material consisted of texts from interviews with nurse leaders in public healthcare (N = 8). The method was inspired by content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used. Ethical considerations: Informed consent was sought from the participants regarding study participation and the storage and handling of data for research purposes. Findings: Six main themes were found: Increased and unreasonable workload, Length of work experience as nurse leader affects perception of workload, Number of staff and staff characteristics affect perception of workload, Versatile and flexible task distribution, Working overtime as a way of managing high workload and Insufficient time for leadership mission. Conclusion: The workload for nurse leaders in a public healthcare setting was perceived to be unreasonable. Common measures for managing high workload included working overtime, delegating work tasks and organising more staff resources in the form of additional staff. How nurse leaders perceive their workload was linked to both the number of staff and staff characteristics. These should both be considered equally important when determining staff levels and measuring nurse leaders' workload. Future research should focus on investigating workload and task distribution from nurses' perspectives. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Through this study, greater understanding of workload and the diverse work of nurse leaders in a public healthcare setting has been revealed, which can be used to further develop the framework for nurse leaders' work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To test whether the revised Wilson and Cleary model could identify which factors contribute to health‐related quality of life in chronic kidney disease. Background: Chronic kidney disease affects a person's health‐related quality of life detrimentally although nursing practice informed by theory is only beginning to emerge. Design: A cross‐sectional study reported using the STROBE guidelines. Methods: About 886 participants with chronic kidney disease (varying grades) completed validated measures of symptoms (renal version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale), and general health perceptions and health‐related quality of life (European Quality of Life five‐dimension three‐level). Socio‐demographic and renal characteristics were also collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. Results: Biological function (decreased kidney function and haemoglobin and greater number of comorbidities), directly contributed to increased symptom burden. Symptoms demonstrated strong negative relationships with both general health perceptions and health‐related quality of life. General health perceptions had a direct positive relationship with health‐related quality of life. As age increased, health‐related quality of life decreased. The only environmental characteristic of significance was the distance between home and hospital although it was not directly associated with health‐related quality of life. Overall, the model explained approximately half of the deterioration in health‐related quality of life. Conclusions: The model demonstrated how various factors influence alteration of health‐related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease. Early identification of these factors could assist nurses to introduce effective management strategies into patient care plans proactively. Relevance to clinical practice: Comprehensive symptom assessment needs to occur not only in kidney failure but in earlier chronic kidney disease grades to enable timely interventions targeted at improving people's wellbeing. Patient or public contribution: Validated interviewer administered questionnaires were completed by participants with chronic kidney disease in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study examined the sequential relationships of food intake and the moderating role of the characteristics of intake and resident conditions. Background: Nursing home residents commonly experience insufficient food intake. While multilevel factors influence intake, evidence on sequential relationships is lacking. Design: The study was an observational study using secondary, behavioural analyses following the STROBE Statement. Methods: Videotaped observations (N = 160) collected from a dementia communication trial during 2011–2014 were coded using the refined Cue Utilisation and Engagement in Dementia Mealtime Video‐coding Scheme during 2018–2019. The 160 videos involved 27 residents living with dementia and 36 staff in 9 nursing homes. Independent variables were the state (solid intake, liquid intake, no intake) of an intake episode occurring during mealtime (current episode), eating technique (resident‐initiated, staff‐facilitated) used in the next episode occurring after the current episode (subsequent episode), interval between adjacent episodes, and resident comorbidities and dementia stage. The dependent variable was the state of subsequent episode. Results: Successful liquid and solid intake increased odds of subsequent liquid and solid intake. Comorbidities were associated with decreased odds of subsequent liquid and solid intake for staff‐facilitated episodes. When liquid intake occurred, staff‐facilitation decreased odds of subsequent liquid intake; longer intervals between adjacent episodes increased odds of subsequent solid intake. Conclusion: Food intake was strongly and sequentially associated, and such temporal relationships were dependent on characteristics of the intake process and resident conditions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The study findings supported that initiating successful intake facilitates continuity of successful intake during mealtime. Behavioural interventions tailored by comorbidities that modify characteristics of the food intake process may improve food intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spasticity is a frequent symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), which may negatively influence daily living activities (ADL). Objectives: To (1) explore the feasibility to conduct a structured interview by specialist nurses about limitations in ADL; (2) determine the percentage of people with MS (PwMS) with limitations in ADL related to spasticity; (3) to assess the knowledge about spasticity and describe its clinical features. Design: Observational, cross‐sectional, multicentre study in 16 MS units of Catalonia (Spain). Participants were recruited from the outpatient facility and day‐care hospital between July 2018 and June 2019 and met the following criteria: (1) age 18 or older, (2) diagnosis of MS according to McDonald criteria 2010 and (3) no clinical relapse in previous 30 days. Methods: Specialist nurses conducted a structured interview divided in two parts: the assessment of (1) limitations in the ADL and (2) the presence of spasticity and associated symptoms. The usefulness of this intervention was requested. This study met the STROBE reporting guidelines checklist for observational studies. Results: Three hundred sixty eight pwMS (244 women) with a mean age of 46 years and a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 2.5 (range, 0–8.5) were included. 262 (71%) pwMS had limitations in the ADL, and spasticity was reported as the most limiting symptom in 59 (23%). As a result of the interview, spasticity was observed in 199 (76%) participants; 47 (24%) of them were unaware that they had spasticity and 102 (51%) would not have reported it spontaneously. The level of the interview satisfaction was high (90%). Conclusions: Spasticity is a complex and limiting symptom in MS. The structured interview conducted by specialist nurses is feasible and has good acceptance. Patient contribution Specialist nurses can be proactive in MS clinical assessment, which may help to detect symptoms with negative impact on quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the use of physical restraints in aged care facilities(ACFs)and analyse its associated risk factors. Background: Physical restraints have been widely used in ACFs worldwide, but they can cause physical and mental harm to older people. It is important to regulate the use of physical restraint. Design: A cross‐sectional observational and correlational multicentre study. Methods: By convenience sampling method, we selected eight ACFs in four representative regions of Hunan province, China, for this study. The ACF‐related information was obtained by interviewing the managers and reviewing records. We conducted investigation and observation on the elderly in the ACFs to understand the use of physical restraints at three different times: 9:30–11:30, 16:00–18:00 and 19:30–21:30 on a working day. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross‐sectional study. Results: This study found that the utilisation rate of physical restraints was 23.2%. The critical risk factors affecting the use of physical restrains include the following: (1) the ratio of nursing staff to the elderly residents; (2)whether there is a dementia care unit at the facility; (3) the number of elderly residents in each room; (4) the elderly residents' age, degree of education, marital status, care dependence and cognitive impairment; (5) whether the elderly has suffered from a stroke or senile dementia; (6) whether the elderly carries medical catheters. Conclusion: There is a lack of standardisation in the use of physical restraints in ACFs of central China. Chinese ACFs should develop guidelines and reduction measures to standardise the use of physical restraints, basing on the key factors affecting the use of physical restraints. Relevance to clinical practice: The use of physical restraints in ACFs is threatening the safety of the elderly residents. Understanding the implementation of physical restraint in ACFs can provide reference for reducing the use of physical restraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To describe high‐functioning older adults' experiences of participation in daily activities and perceived barriers and facilitators to participation one‐ and 3‐months post‐acute hospitalization. Background: Older adults discharged after acute illness hospitalization are at risk for functional decline and adverse health outcomes. Yet, little is known about the subjective experience of resuming participation in meaningful activities beyond the immediate post‐discharge period among high‐functioning older adults, a mostly overlooked sub‐sample. Design: Qualitative descriptive longitudinal study adhering to the COREQ guidelines. Methods: Forty two participants ages ≥65 years (mean age 75, SD ± 7.9) were recruited from internal medicine wards. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted at participants' homes one‐month post‐discharge, followed by a telephone interview 3‐months after. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Participants perceived the hospitalization as a disruption of healthy and meaningful routines. This first key theme had unique expressions over time and included two sub‐themes. At one month: (1) reduced life spaces and sedentary routines. At 3 months: (2) a matter of quality not quantity – giving up even one meaningful activity can make a difference. The second key theme was described as a combination of physical and psychological barriers to participation over time. These themes demonstrated the profound impact of the hospitalization on behavior (participation) and feelings (e.g., symptoms). The third key theme was described as a dyad of intrinsic and extrinsic facilitators to participation. Conclusions: Acute illness hospitalization may lead to subtle decreases in participation in meaningful health‐promoting activities, even among high‐functioning older adults. These changes may impact overall well‐being and possibly mark the beginning of functional decline. Relevance to clinical practice: This study highlights the need for a more comprehensive assessment of participation, relevant for high‐functioning older adults, to enable person‐centered care. Intervention programs should address the modifiable barriers and facilitators identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal depression can result in short‐ and long‐term adverse effects for women and their children if untreated. Psychological interventions, the preferred treatment for most women with perinatal depression, can also be provided online. Aims: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of Internet‐based psychological interventions and to evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of perinatal depression. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted of six databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. Depression and anxiety, which were the primary and secondary results of this search, were presented as standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist. Results: Thirteen studies involving 2158 perinatal women were included. Content, method, duration and frequency of Internet‐based psychological interventions were varied. Participants indicated a high rate of satisfaction with these interventions; participants' dropout rates ranged from 2.6% to 60.8%. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that Internet‐based psychological interventions improved perinatal depression (SMD = −0.72, CI = [−1.02, −0.42], p <.01) and anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.52, CI = [−0.73, −0.30], p <.01), with heterogeneity of 86% and 59%, respectively. Conclusions: Internet‐based psychological interventions are considered as convenient and effective alternative treatment for perinatal depression and anxiety. In the future, additional studies are needed to investigate the long‐term effects of these interventions on the mental health of perinatal women and the effects on the growth and development of infants while controlling for the dropout rate. Relevance to clinical practice: Internet‐based psychological interventions are innovative approaches to improving perinatal depressive symptoms that can leverage mental health resources and improve accessibility while promoting multidisciplinary integration. The approach, content, frequency and duration of intervention should be considered comprehensively to achieve the objectives of the intervention while maintaining compliance of women with perinatal depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objective: To explore the effectiveness of Virtual Reality Technology in reducing kinesiophobia in people. Background: Kinesiophobia is an important psychosocial factor affecting the pain experience and has a significant negative impact on rehabilitation. Virtual reality technology has been widely used in the treatment of phobias, mental disorders and anxiety disorders. However, the effect of virtual reality technology on people with kinesiophobia has been reported with inconsistent results. Design: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Methods: This study systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus and four Chinese databases. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated using random‐effects models, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. The PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network was used. Results: Eleven randomised controlled trials involving a total of 488 subjects were included. Meta‐analysis showed the effect sizes of virtual reality intervention on kinesiophobia (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI [−0.90, −0.17], p =.004). Virtual reality intervention was more effective in reducing kinesiophobia in people with chronic low back pain (SMD = −1.00, 95% CI [−1.71, −0.29], p =.006). Compared with fully immersive virtual reality (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI [−0.62, 0.05], p = 0.09), non‐immersive virtual reality was more effective in reducing kinesiophobia (SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−1.24, −0.09], p = 0.02). Compared with virtual reality intervention alone (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI [−1.40, 0.71], p = 0.52), virtual reality combined with exercise was more effective in reducing kinesiophobia (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI [−0.95, −0.22], p = 0.002). Conclusions: Virtual reality technology has the potential to reduce the degree of kinesiophobia in people. In addition, virtual reality technology was more effective in people with chronic low back pain; non‐immersive virtual reality was more effective in reducing kinesiophobia; and virtual reality technology combined with exercise was more effective in reducing kinesiophobia than virtual reality intervention alone. Clinical nursing staff should be encouraged to use virtual reality to speed up patient recovery. However, to achieve immersion and apply this technology to different diseases, more studies are required to provide clearer suggestions. Relevance to clinical practice: This study suggests that healthcare staff should pay attention to kinesiophobia, and early identification and intervention of kinesiophobia can help patients recover their health and improve the quality of nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study examined the occurrence rate of specific types of premature ventricular complex (PVC) alarms and whether patient demographic and/or clinical characteristics were associated with PVC occurrences. Background: Because PVCs can signal myocardial irritability, in‐hospital electrocardiographic (ECG) monitors are typically configured to alert nurses when they occur. However, PVC alarms are common and can contribute to alarm fatigue. A better understanding of occurrences of PVCs could help guide alarm management strategies. Design: A secondary quantitative analysis from an alarm study. Methods: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was followed. Seven PVC alarm types (vendor‐specific) were described, and included isolated, couplet, bigeminy, trigeminy, run PVC (i.e. VT >2), R‐on‐T and PVCs/min. Negative binomial and hurdle regression analyses were computed to examine the association of patient demographic and clinical characteristics with each PVC type. Results: A total of 797,072 PVC alarms (45,271 monitoring hours) occurred in 446 patients, including six who had disproportionately high PVC alarm counts (40% of the total alarms). Isolated PVCs were the most frequent type (81.13%) while R‐on‐T were the least common (0.29%). Significant predictors associated with higher alarms rates: older age (isolated PVCs, bigeminy and couplets); male sex and presence of PVCs on the 12‐lead ECG (isolated PVCs). Hyperkalaemia at ICU admission was associated with a lower R‐on‐T type PVCs. Conclusions: Only a few distinct demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with the occurrence rate of PVC alarms. Further research is warranted to examine whether PVCs were associated with adverse outcomes, which could guide alarm management strategies to reduce unnecessary PVC alarms. Relevance to clinical practice: Targeted alarm strategies, such as turning off certain PVC‐type alarms and evaluating alarm trends in the first 24 h of admission in select patients, might add to the current practice of alarm management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the results of a nursing‐led program to treatment of minor health issues from Catalan health institute primary care teams during 2019 and 2020. Background: In 2009, the Catalan health institute implemented a nursing program to deal with minor health problems. This nursing‐led program includes an algorithm for each of the minor health problems and arose as a strategy to reorganise the flow of demand for care in primary care. Design: A cross‐sectional design. Methods: Multicentric cross‐sectional study. 392 primary care teams from the Catalan health institute participated in the study. STROBE guideline was followed in reporting this study. Patients attending any of the participating centres requesting a same‐day consultation for minor health issues were registered. Results: A total of 21,215,278 consultations were recorded: 18,284,105 for adult and 2,931,173 for paediatric patients. Minor health issue resolved by the nurse was achieved in 50.9% of adult patients and 55.4% of paediatric patients. The highest rates of resolution in adults (>85%) were as follows: burns, emergency contraception and injuries. The highest resolution rates (>84%) were as follows: burns, breastfeeding difficulties and infant colic. 87.7% of prescriptions issued by nurses were accepted by the family physician. Conclusions: The nursing‐led program to treat minor health issues has been shown to present acceptable resolution for nurses in a large primary care setting. Nurses have been carrying out prescription activities with very favourable results. Relevance to clinical practice: This study demonstrates that care provided to patients by nurses for minor health issues requiring preferential resolution is effective. Our results are useful in that they confirm both the effectiveness of the nursing‐led program for minor health issues and the pharmacological prescriptions produced during patient appointments. Patient or public contribution: Patient's data were obtained through a program records system after the minor health issues appointments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore mothers' experiences of the EArly Collaborative Intervention. Background: Preterm birth puts a considerable emotional and psychological burden on parents and families. Parents to moderate and late premature infants have shorter stays at the neonatal intensive care unit and have described a need for support. The EArly Collaborative Intervention was developed to support parents with preterm infants born between gestational Weeks 30 to 36. In this study, mothers' experiences of the new intervention were explored. Design: A qualitative design guided by a reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. Interviews were individually performed with 23 mothers experienced with the EArly Collaborative Intervention. Data were identified, analysed and reported using reflexive thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist was used preparing the manuscript. Results: Two main overarching themes were constructed. The first theme, 'mothers' feelings evoked from the EArly Collaborative Intervention' describes the emotions raised by the intervention and how the intervention affected their parental role. Their awareness of the preterm baby's behaviour increased, and the intervention helped the parents to communicate around their baby's needs. The second theme, 'based on the preterm baby's behavior', describes experiences of the provision and the learning process about their preterm baby's needs and communication. The intervention was experienced as helpful both immediately and for future interaction with the baby. Conclusions: Mothers found the intervention to be supportive and encouraging. They came to look upon their baby as an individual, and the new knowledge on how to care and interact with their baby affected both their own and their baby's well‐being. Furthermore, the intervention felt strengthening for their relationship with the other parent. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The EArly Collaborative Intervention can support parents' abilities as well as their relation to their baby and may thereby contribute to infant development, cognition and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study examined the relationships between parents' catastrophising about their infants' pain, parental self‐efficacy in the management of their infants' pain, perceived social support and the parental coping strategies for their infants' pain‐related stress. Background: Preterm infants hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit experience painful procedures causing stress to their parents. Coping with stress may be emotion‐ or problem‐focused. Adults' coping with their own pain has been associated with pain catastrophising, pain management self‐efficacy and social support. However, little is known about the associations between parents' catastrophising, their self‐efficacy to manage, their perceived social support and their coping strategies when dealing with their infants' pain. Design: This was a cross‐sectional, correlational study design. Methods: The STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies were followed. Participants included 149 parents of preterm infants hospitalised in a neonatal intensive care unit. They completed measures to assess infant pain catastrophising, self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management, social support and emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping. Results: Positive associations were found between parental self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management, social support, parental catastrophising about their infants' pain and problem‐focused coping. Parental catastrophising was positively associated with emotion‐focused coping. Gender moderated the relationships between parental self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management and emotion‐focused coping. Specifically, amongst mothers, the higher their level of self‐efficacy, the lower their emotion‐focused coping. Amongst fathers, the relations were reversed. Conclusions: Parents coping with their preterm infants' pain were associated with catastrophising about their infants' pain, self‐efficacy regarding infant pain management and social support. Mothers had different ways to cope emotionally to that of fathers in relation to their self‐efficacy in managing their infants' pain. Relevance to clinical practice: Nursing interventions that provide support to parents and promote parental self‐efficacy in managing their infants' pain may allow parents to more effectively cope with their infants' pain. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients or public were not involved in setting the research question, the outcome measures and the design or implementation of the study. Parents of preterm infants answered the research questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To present our experience of a nursing telephone consultation service, describing patient and caregiver requests, and outlining ensuing nursing or medical interventions. Background: Recently, there has been an increase in the use of telephone consultation for cancer patients. However, there is still limited data on the characteristics of this type of service and on the nature of the interventions carried out. Design and methods: In this observational retrospective study, we evaluated the phone calls made over a 6‐month period by patients or caregivers to the early palliative care team of a cancer institute. Information regarding telephone calls (frequency, reason and management) was systematically collected by a nursing case manager. The study complies with the STROBE checklist File S1. Results: 171 patients used the service, for a total of 323 phone calls. The majority (80.8%) were from patients followed at the outpatient clinic and the most common requests were for pain management (38.4%) and for updates on the clinical situation (23.8%). Other frequent requests were for medication management (18.9%) and scheduling (18.3%). 210 of the 323 phone calls were handled by the nurse, while 22 were managed in collaboration with a physician. An 87.6% effectiveness in telephone management was observed. Conclusion: The overall use of the phone service was higher for early palliative care patients. The majority of phone calls were effectively handled by the nursing case manager. Relevance to clinical practice: An effective and feasible nurse‐led telephone follow‐up of early palliative care patients with advanced cancer could improve their care experience. Specifically, it could impact on patients and families improving quality of life and symptom control securing access to timely care without travel or additional cost.It can also improve continuity of care, adherence to oncological treatments and minimise acute care visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objective: To investigate the effectiveness of music interventions on physiological and psychological stress response in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Background: ICU patients are exposed to several physiological and psychological stressors during their treatments. Music interventions can be implemented to control these negative effects. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis conducted according to PRISMA Guidelines. Method: Seven electronic literature databases, reference lists of similar reviews, grey literature and the Clinical Trials Registry were searched for potential studies up to 30 January 2022. Studies were expected to meet PICOS inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias of the included studies by using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Overall, meta‐analysis and subgroup analyses (comparator group and music session frequency) were performed using RevMan 5.4. Meta‐analysis was conducted when data were available; otherwise, a narrative description was provided. Results: Twenty‐five articles were included in this meta‐analysis. Across all studies, regardless of the comparator, music was found to significantly reduce anxiety scores with an SMD of 1.81 ([95% CI: −3.09,‐0.53]; p =.006). Music was found to significantly reduce anxiety scores with an SMD of 1.97 (95% CI: −3.66, −0.28) compared to standard care (p =.02), but there was no significant change in anxiety scores in comparison with the noise cancellation group (p > 0.05). It was found that multiple music sessions reduced the anxiety level better than a single music session. Music had no effect the systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respiratory or heart rate level in both subgroup and general analyzes concerning the physiological stress (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Music interventions involving multiple sessions can be used as a nursing intervention to control the anxiety levels of ICU patients. Relevance to the clinical practice: Using music to reduce anxiety and stress levels may reduce the pharmacological need (for sedative or antipsychotic medications) and the risk of associated side effects in ICU patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the consistency in the prevalence and associated factors of frailty determined by the physical‐originated Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale and the multidimensional Tilburg Frailty Indicators (TFI) scale. Background: Accurate assessment of frailty and the identification of its associated factors could guide the development and implementation of holistic and individualised treatment plan. However, recommendations regarding the selection of frailty assessment tools are inconclusive. Design: This is a cross‐sectional study, the reporting of which followed the STROBE guidelines. Methods: A total of 1220 older adults were recruited from a university affiliated tertiary hospital in Xi'an City, Northwest China, and administrated with a social‐demographic and health‐related information sheet, the FRAIL, the TFI, the Short‐Form Mini‐Nutritional Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the 5‐level EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors. Results: The prevalence of physical‐originated and multidimensional frailty was 55.2% and 77.6%, respectively. The consistency between the two scales was low. Taking the combined use of the two instruments as the reference, the TFI and FRAIL could identify 89.99% and 64.02% of the participants with frailty. Polypharmacy, health‐related quality of life and sleep quality were found to be associated with both physical‐originated and multidimensional frailty. Nutritional status and level of physical activity were additionally identified as the independent associated factors of multidimensional frailty. Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty among hospitalised older adults is high. There is low consistency between the FRAIL and TFI in detecting frailty. The TFI exhibited higher sensitivity in detecting individuals with frailty and its associated factors. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings of this study supported a single use of the TFI for the assessment of frailty in the hospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To explore the process by which people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis implement continuous antigen avoidance, alongside the situations that influence this process. Background: Antigen avoidance is the primary treatment for people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the best method to support antigen avoidance has not yet been established. Design: The present qualitative study used a constructivist grounded theory approach. Methods: The participants were inpatients or outpatients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosed at a Japanese urban university hospital. In parallel with semi‐structured interviews and a medical record survey from 2016 to 2021, we conducted coding, categorising, writing memos, theoretical sampling and continuous comparisons of experiences from finding physical abnormalities to implementing antigen avoidance. The COREQ checklist was followed for reporting. Results: Interpreting the experiences leading to the implementation of continuous antigen avoidance by 28 participants provided a process consisting of a core category: trying to maintain one's desired life under uncertain situations, and four phases: (1) searching for a convincing cause of the illness, (2) gradually understanding the disease, (3) realising the need for behaviour change and (4) seeking a good balance between behaviour change and one's desired life. The situations that influenced the process were also revealed. Conclusions: Being convinced of the cause of one's illness and realising its severity led to the participants' realisation of the need for a behavioural change to avoid antigens. The uncertainty of the cause of illness and measures taken, a lack of clear advice from healthcare providers and one's desired life influenced participants' implementation of continuous antigen avoidance. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides important insights regarding how healthcare providers should better understand and support people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis in avoiding antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To explore what is meaningful to caregivers in relation to a dementia‐friendly environment during hospitalisation of their loved ones with dementia or cognitive impairment. Background: Implementation of dementia‐friendly initiatives and person‐centred care approach have shaped the political agenda within Danish society. Patients with dementia or cognitive impairment and their accompanying caregivers are challenged when admitted to hospital. During hospitalisation, caregivers find themselves in a vulnerable state of mind. Thus, the implementation of a dementia‐friendly environment and adherence to person‐centred care in hospital settings leaves room for improvement. Methods: This study was guided by a qualitative and explorative approach. Data were collected through 17 semi‐structured interviews with caregivers at a subacute neurological ward. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret data. The study reports according to the COREQ checklist. Results: The following three themes were identified: 1) Being a watchful bystander. 2) Visiting an undefined and foreign environment. 3) Longing for kindness. Conclusion: Hospitality expressed by staff towards caregivers is significant in allowing caregivers to experience hospital environments as "friendly." Dementia‐friendly environments embrace existential aspects that go far beyond physical spaces; hence, experiences of kind acts shape caregivers' sense of safety and comfort during hospitalisation. Hospitality is an essential part of nursing in dementia care because caregivers are contextually vulnerable. Our study sheds new light on the provision of person‐centred care to people with dementia and their families in healthcare. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses need to be aware that caregivers experience vulnerability and to involve caregivers in the care provided for patients with dementia. We recommend that a permanent contact person be appointed to follow patients throughout their admission period. Furthermore, systematic interventions focusing on phenomena such as hospitality and kindness may serve to form a person‐centred clinical culture; an issue that warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesise and evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality interventions in preoperative children. Background: Children consider operations as a predictable threat and stressful event. Children's anxiety before an operation increases as the time draws closer. Children could understand the operating room environment and process before the operation using virtual reality, which may reduce their anxiety before an operation. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials following the Cochrane method were conducted. Method: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute, MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for randomised controlled trials published before February 2021. A random‐effects model meta‐analysis to calculate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals was performed. Conduction of the review adheres to the PRISMA checklist. Results: Of 257 articles screened, six interventions involving 529 participants aged 4–12 years were included in the analysis. All study evidence levels were B2/Level 2, the quality was medium to high on the modified Jadad scale, with a low risk of bias. The results revealed that virtual reality significantly reduced preoperative anxiety in children (SMD: −0.91, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.39, p =.0006). Furthermore, virtual reality significantly improved children's compliance with anaesthesia (SMD: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.32 to 9.21, p =.01). Conclusion: Children who used virtual reality before an operation felt more familiar with the operating room environment and understood the preoperative preparation procedures. Virtual reality effectively reduced children's anxiety and improved their compliance with anaesthesia. Relevance to clinical practice: This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the effect of virtual reality on preoperative anxiety in children and the findings supported its positive effects. The results could provide a reference for incorporating virtual reality into preoperative preparation guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objective: To explore the existing literature related to nurse practitioner (NP) competencies in family practices and to examine the evidence and develop a list of competencies. Background: The integration of NPs into the healthcare system is at different stages of progress around the world. Therefore, an overview and clarification of competencies are important to ensure successful implementation of new roles in existing healthcare systems. However, detailed knowledge is lacking about the competencies of NPs in adult care in family practices. Design and methods: We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. We considered studies published in English, German or French from 1965 to the present. Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Sources of grey literature that were searched included ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OpenGrey and websites of national NP organisations. Two reviewers retrieved full‐text studies and extracted data independently. We described the competencies using Hamric's model of advanced practice nursing. Results: We included 23 publications. Competencies in direct clinical practice were described most often particularly pertaining to nursing or medical tasks. Indirect care activities were frequently mentioned. Less information was found regarding competencies in leadership, ethical decision‐making and evidence‐based practice. We found elementary and extended competencies required to perform the role in family practices. Depending on the country, the role was either emerging or already well‐established. Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice: This review provides insight into current knowledge about competencies of NP in family practices. The identified competencies can be used to develop job descriptions or to conceptualise professional development programmes in countries where such roles are just recently emerging. A list of competencies will promote a common understanding of the NP role and to help clarify interprofessional collaboration in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: First, to describe the variation in stakeholders' perceptions related to the desirable mental health services in school environments. Second, to construct alternative future visions based on these perceptions. Finally, to describe stakeholders' perceptions about the actions needed to reach such an ideal state. Background: The increased need for mental health care has challenged the role of schools and school health care in the area of mental health services for those of school‐age. There is a need for future visions and comprehensive statements concerning the mental health services provided in the school environment. Design: The study was undertaken in Finland, between February 2020 and February 2021. Qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 15 professional stakeholders and focus group interviews with 10 stakeholders advocating for adolescents or parents. Method: The study was conducted with the phenomenographic approach using a visioning methodology. The study is reported following the COREQ checklist. Result: Four alternative future visions were formulated based on the perceptions of the stakeholders. They emphasised different aspects: (1) non‐medicalising the school environment, (2) early and extensive intervention by school nurses enabled by work distribution with mental health specialists, (3) a multiprofessional team providing help on overall health questions and (4) a focusing of the services on mental disorders. Necessary changes were identified at the micro‐, mezzo‐ and macro‐level. Conclusion: The future visions are based on opposite perceptions related to the mission and focus of school health care. One extreme emphasises overall health promotion for everyone, while the other accentuates treatment for those suffering from mental disorders. The former may lead to inadequate help for mental health problems and the latter insufficient help for other health problems. Relevance to clinical practice: This study contributes alternative future visions, promotes strategic planning and helps to clarify the future role of school nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To measure text similarity in electronic nursing progress notes and determine factors associated with text similarity. Background: Electronic clinical notes with redundant information masks clinically relevant information, increases clinicians' cognitive burden and undermines patient safety. Design: Retrospective review of electronic medical record nursing progress notes. Methods: The study was conducted between November 2018 and February 2019 in two Australian Paediatric Intensive Care Units. De‐identified, randomly selected inpatient data were extracted from the network's database. Manually classified shift summary progress notes for each admission were sequenced from admission to discharge. Text similarity was calculated for consecutive pairs of nursing progress notes. Linear regression was undertaken to determine the association between the similarity scores and variables of interest: note word count, total number of notes and unit. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting. Results: 921 shift summary nursing progress notes were analysed. Similarity scores were widely distributed with a median of 10.37%. Only 17.2% (n = 144) of the notes have similarity scores above 20%. Of these, 5% (n = 47) were above 50% similar in comparison with a previously written note. Similarity above 50% was observed as early as the first note pair in the course of a patient's admission. A significant difference was found between the similarity scores of Unit 1 and Unit 2. Hospital unit was the only variable of interest significantly associated with similarity scores. Conclusion: Text similarity among electronic nursing progress notes in Australian Paediatric ICUs is minimal; however, notes with >50% similarity have been identified. Text analytics provides measurable data and insights about electronic clinical documentation to inform future nursing practice, research and eMR design. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings have implications for nursing practice in the way that nursing staff are educated to maintain data quality, professional accountability and effective communication in electronic documentation and to avoid unnecessary repetition of text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of the cold intervention on relieving migraine symptoms among adult patients with migraine. Designs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) and non‐RCT studies were performed. Data Sources: We searched five electronic databases including Cochrane Library and Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL from the date of inception to March 2021. Review Methods: Research was eligible for the systematic review if they included adult patients with migraine, using cold regimen as intervention, and outcomes measuring the symptom alleviation of migraine. Two researchers independently conducted the searching process and data extraction. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE approach to the main outcomes was used. The PRISMA checklist was used to assure the quality and transparency of report. Results: Six studies (4 RCTs and 2 non‐RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. The cold interventions on migraine alleviation include a cold‐gel headband, cold‐gel cap, intraoral cooling, skin temperature biofeedback and cold wrap accompanied by massage. Compared to non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had a short‐term effect on reducing migraine pain rated on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score at 30 min after intervention (Std. mean difference [SMD] −3.21; 95% CI −5.94, −0.48). Compared to the non‐cold regimens, the cold interventions had marginal long‐term effects on relieving migraine pain VAS score (SMD −0.44; 95% CI −0.91, 0.03) and nausea (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −1.17, 0.04) (24 h after intervention). The GRADE indicated that the certainty of evidence was rated from very low to moderate. Insufficient results on the outcomes of nausea and vomiting were discovered for the meta‐analysis. Conclusions: Cold intervention is an effective regimen to reduce migraine pain instantly. The long‐term effect of cold interventions on migraine is not demonstrated. The effects of cold interventions on nausea and vomiting need more studies to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The study aimed to (1) investigate the changes in maternal and paternal depression, along with social support, across the 6‐month postpartum period; (2) explore the relationships between maternal and paternal depression and social support during the 6‐month postpartum period; and (3) compare the differences in postpartum depression and social support between mothers and fathers at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Background: An increasing body of evidence now shows that postpartum depression affects both mothers and fathers. The notable increase in postpartum depression in China is particularly concerning. Design: A longitudinal study was conducted, guided by the STROBE checklist. Methods: 122 pairs of parents were recruited from September 2020 to October 2021 at a teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected from each parent at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale. We also acquired socio‐demographic and obstetric data at 2–3 days postpartum. Results: Maternal depression was lowest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal and paternal social support was highest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal depression was significantly correlated with paternal depression while maternal social support was significantly correlated with paternal social support at different time points. Conclusion: Postpartum depression in mothers and social support in both mothers and fathers, showed significant changes during the 6‐month postpartum period. Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare providers should pay attention to the mental health of both parents, view them as a team and provide both family‐based and women‐cantered interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures nurses' Attitudes Towards Recognising Early and Noticeable Deterioration (ATREND). Background: General ward nurses play an important role in recognising patient deterioration. However, their attitudes towards early recognition of clinical deterioration have not been adequately explored due to the lack of a valid and reliable scale. Design: An instrument development and validation study. Methods: A three‐phase structure that followed the STROBE checklist was used: (1) item generation, (2) content and face validity assessment and (3) psychometric properties evaluation. The scale items were developed based on a comprehensive literature review and content validity assessment by 15 international experts from five countries. The psychometric properties of the ATREND scale were tested on 434 registered nurses, with retest evaluations (n = 100) at two hospitals. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the scale. The scale was also evaluated for its internal consistency, test–retest reliability and convergent validity. Results: The scale's content validity was 0.95. A 3‐factor solution was identified from the final 11 items: (1) beliefs about importance of patient observation, (2) use of broader patient assessment skills and (3) confidence in recognising clinical deterioration. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was supported with an acceptable Cronbach's alpha value of 0.745. Test–retest reliability of the scale was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.825. The ATREND scale shows evidence of good convergent validity. Conclusion: The final 11‐item ATREND scale demonstrates adequate initial evidence of reliability and validity for use in acute ward settings. Relevance to clinical practice: Nursing educators and clinicians may use this scale to assess ward nurses' attitudes and practices towards early recognition of clinical deterioration and then enhance their competencies and behaviours in the recognition of clinical deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the flow charts and discriminators of the Manchester Triage System that are most likely to identify the onset of delirium in older people. Background: Delirium is an underdiagnosed geriatric syndrome, and up to 80% of all cases of delirium go undetected in emergency departments. Patient triage seeks to manage clinical risk with a view to safely and appropriately managing patient flows. Design: A case–control study was performed according to the STROBE checklist. Setting: The emergency department of a secondary hospital. Participants: Older adults aged ≥65 years and admitted from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Methods: Older patients were identified from the emergency department research database. Cases were defined as patients diagnosed with delirium (n = 128), excluding cases of delirium due to alcohol or substance abuse. Controls were randomised from the remaining patients (n = 128). Results: A total of 29.35% of the subjects admitted to the emergency department were older adults with an incidence of delirium of 0.7%. The flow charts with the highest probability of delirium were 'unwell adult' [OR = 3.04 (95%CI:1.82–5.1)] and 'behaving strangely' [OR = 16.06 (95%CI:3.72–69.29)], and the discriminators were 'rapid onset' [OR = 3.3 (95%CI:1.85–5.88)] and 'new neurological deficit less than 24 h old' [OR = 4.76 (95%%CI:1.01–22.5). The area under the curve for 'unwell adult' in the presence of dementia, previous stroke and fall in the previous 30 days was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.67–0.79), and that for 'behaving strangely' in the presence of diabetes was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.69–0.81). Conclusions: Knowing which flow charts, discriminators and risk factors are most likely to predict delirium allows the identification of the older population at risk for triage screening in emergency departments. Relevance to clinical practice: Risk factors such as diabetes, dementia, previous stroke and recent fall among 'unwell adult' or 'behaving strangely' triaged older persons should be assessed for the probable presence of delirium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 5‐visual analogue scale Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire subjective sleep measure is widely used in intensive care. A cut‐off score indicative of good quality sleep has not been established and is required to guide the categorisation of individual patient and unit wide sleep quality. Design and Methods: The aim was to determine the global Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire cut‐off score for good to very good sleep during an intensive care unit stay in non‐ventilated patients. The study was a secondary (cohort) retrospective analysis of patient self‐report data (n = 32) from an interventional study testing a sleep promotion bundle. The Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy studies statement were used to report the study. The study was conducted in two mixed adult 12 and 20‐bed ICUs of a tertiary referral hospital in a metropolitan area. In the morning, eligible patients were administered the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire together with a 5‐category item Likert scale in which patients rated their nocturnal sleep quality as 'very poor', 'poor', 'fair', 'good' and 'very good'. Receiver Operator Curve analysis was performed. Results: Thirty‐seven per cent (n = 32) of the total sample of 84 adult intensive care patients were females. The median age was 61.5 (51, 72) years. Self‐reported median global Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score was 54.4 (30.1, 77.1) mm. A global score of ≥63.4 mm was the optimal cut‐off for self‐reported 'good sleep' (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 81% and area under the curve: 0.896). Conclusions: Although the study requires replication in ventilated patients and other ICU settings, the cut‐off score (63 mm) could be used to guide the categorisation of individual patient and unit wide sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This review aimed to synthesise international research about how intersectionality has been used to explore issues within the nursing profession. The objectives were to determine which intersecting variables have been explored, how intersectionality has been operationalised, and the implications for nursing leadership. Background: Barriers to health system leadership created at the intersection of gender, race, ethnicity, professional cadre and other socially constructed categories exist in the health workforce. Consequently, an intersectionality paradigm has been recommended to explore power, privilege and oppression issues in the nursing profession. Design: An integrative systematic review method was selected for its ability to include diverse methodologies. The review complies with the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews. Method: The search terms nurs* nurses nursing AND Intersectionality intersectional intersectionalism, intersect were used in December 2021 to search the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL Plus) PsycINFO, PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest and the first ten pages of Google Scholar from 2011 to 2021. Directed content analysis was applied to the data. Results: Access to education, absence of expectations as a career and patriarchal structures support male nurses into positions of leadership in healthcare systems. Intra‐group differences highlight the paradox of homogenous categories for ethnicity and gender. Being a member of an ethnic minority group hinders career progression regardless of gender. The aftereffects of colonisation exist within the nursing space. Conclusions: This review is the first to synthesise research using intersectionality to explore the impact of socially constructed identities on nursing leadership. There is a dearth of evidence specific to this topic, ignoring the diversity within this professional group. Future research should include intersectionality to discover how social categories empower or impede a nurse's career progression to leadership roles. Relevance to clinical practice: An intersectionality paradigm can encourage nurses to attend to issues of power, privilege and oppression in the profession and their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To describe nurses with substance use disorder (SUD) in authority disciplinary actions. Background: Nurses with SUD risk patient safety. Research evidence on the identification of nurses' SUD and related management procedures is currently sparse. Design: Retrospective document analysis of decisions related to SUD in nurses' disciplinary actions. Method: Decisions on nurses (N = 171) made by the Finnish National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health in Finland during 2007–2016 were used as data. An electronic extraction sheet was developed for data collection including variables (N = 34), of which 18 were analysed in this study with descriptive statistical methods and chi‐squared statistics. The study reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 43 years (SD 8.7). The most mentioned reasons for notifications leading to disciplinary actions were substance abuse with working while intoxicated and drug theft. The most mentioned intoxicants used were medicines and alcohol. On average, the first disciplinary decision was given at 6.4 months (SD 3.9) and the final decision was given at 17.9 months (SD 13.1). The most common decision was restriction of the right to practice. Conclusion: The results supported findings from previous decades and different continents, showing similar trends are prevalent globally and continue today. In future studies, countries' registers of nurses with SUD could be used to clarify the profile of nurses and develop appropriate procedures. Qualitative studies could be conducted to investigate to shed light on concealment of the phenomenon. Relevance to clinical practice: There is a need for early identification, intervention and referral to treatment as well as effective protocols for reducing nurses' risks of disciplinary actions related to SUD. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of SUD and training for this is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Report experiences and behaviour influences with healthcare professionals' decision to and experiences of offering memory making during end‐of‐life care in the adult acute population. Background: Little is known about healthcare professionals' experiences offering memory making during adult acute end‐of‐life care. Design: Survey. Methods: Registered nurses, medical practitioners and social workers employed at a single tertiary referral adult intensive care, where memory making had been implemented nearly two years prior were invited to participate between June and August 2017. Reporting adheres to the STROBE checklist. Results: Ninety‐six valid surveys (75% response rate: 75 registered nurses, 19 medical practitioners, and 2 social workers) were analysed with 67 participants reporting experience offering memory making. Highest overall agreement scores included believing families value memory making and the offer of memory making being beneficial. Enablers were described as organisational supports, personal qualities and good interpersonal relationships. Barriers identified included the intensive care environment, workload, inexperience offering/facilitating memory making, being afraid to offer, lack of resources and legality concerns. Compared with non‐experienced participants, experienced participants reported higher level of confidence and comfort offering memory making, pride in their ability, ability to spend time supporting families and had observed colleagues offering memory making. Experienced participants were less likely to be afraid to offer, be limited by the family's behaviours, report lack of resources or be time limited to offer memory making. Conclusion: Findings identify elements needed for the development and support for offering memory making to assist bereaved families in adult acute care including role modelling, support to reduce negative emotions, workload assistance and leadership/organisational support. Relevance to clinical practice: Discoveries have important implications in addressing evidence gaps regarding behaviour influences linked to the decision to offer memory making. Findings inform development and sustainability to integrate memory making as routine end‐of‐life care intervention in adult acute care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The quality of care for tracheostomy and mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) has improved considerably. However, the communication barrier attributable to these procedures generates many problems for patients, as they are unable to communicate effectively with family members and ICU healthcare professionals, especially nurses. Aims: To describe (1) tracheostomy patients' needs, emotions and difficulties when communicating with ICU nurses and (2) which strategies nurses and patients have adopted to improve their communication. Methods: A scoping review was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute method and following the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist. The research question was developed using the Population, Concept and Context framework. Five databases were searched. After screening, two researchers independently analysed the 75 papers, and finally, 19 studies were included in this review. Results: All studies used a qualitative design. Seven adopted a phenomenological and two a hermeneutic approach, involving a total of 265 patients. Two main themes and four subthemes were identified: (1) the tracheostomy patients' needs, emotions and difficulties communicating with ICU nurses (patients' emotions, communication needs, and their content and difficulties) and (2) strategies that nurses and patients adopted to improve communication (communication strategies). Conclusions: It is essential to develop effective communication with tracheostomy patients to ensure they feel relieved, safe and considered. Communication content should focus on information relating to the person's personal condition and active involvement in care. Relevance to clinical practice: It is important to prioritise the communication process in tracheostomised patients and create the organisational conditions that foster effective communication processes. Developing training programmes for new or practising nurses is essential to instil greater awareness about this crucial fundamental need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: We aimed to describe daily restraint practices and the factors which influence their use, from an outsider's perspective. Background: A reduction in restraint use is recommended in health care. However, somatic acute care hospital settings currently lack effective reduction strategies. Thus far, hospital restraint practice is described in terms of quantitative assessments and the 'insider' view of healthcare professionals. However, as factors such as routine or personal beliefs seem to play a relevant role in restraint use, these approaches might be incomplete and biased. Design: A qualitative observation study design was employed. Methods: Fieldwork with unstructured participant observation was conducted at a department of geriatrics and a department of intensive care in Switzerland between November 2019 and January 2020. Data were recorded as field notes. The analysis was conducted iteratively in two coding cycles using descriptive coding followed by pattern coding. We adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). Results: A total of 67 hours of observation were conducted. We found that daily restraint practice can be described in three categories: the context in which restraints are used, the decision‐making process on the use and continued use of restraints, and the avoidance of restraint use. Most processes and decisions seem to take place unconsciously, and their standardisation is weak. Conclusions: The lack of standardisation favours intuitive and unreflective action, which is prompted by what is also known as heuristic decision‐making. To transform daily restraint practice, a technical solution that leads restraint management in line with ethical and legal requirements might be useful. Relevance to clinical practice: The outsider perspective has allowed daily restraint practice to be described independently of existing routines, departmental cultures and personal attitudes. This is important to comprehensively describe restrictive practices, which is a prerequisite for the development of effective restraint reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To systematically examine the effect of peer mentoring applied to patients with cancer on physical activity. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted as a result of reviewing randomised controlled trials. No year limitation was set, and studies published in English were included in the study. Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Ovid databases were searched up to January 2022. The Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 3 software was used to analyse the meta‐analysis data. PRISMA was employed. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was evaluated by two independent researchers. Results: Six studies with a total of 1.551 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that peer mentoring had positive medium effects on the physical activity process (95% Cl = 0.15 to 0.49, p <.001 and Hedge's g = 0.322). The results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of the outcome measures. Conclusions: Peer mentoring was found to have positive effects on improving the level of physical activity in patients with cancer. The use of peer mentoring can offer a holistic perspective by improving the quality and functional status of care. Relevance to clinical practice: Peer mentoring can be beneficial in terms of being a comfortable method and improving the physical activity levels of patients. In addition, health professionals' awareness of peer mentoring in terms of the provision of holistic care will increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the serial mediating effect of executive function and attentional bias in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. Background: Although the role of frailty in predicting depression has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Design: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 667 older inpatients aged 60–90 years in the internal medicine wards of a hospital in China. Methods: Attentional bias, frailty and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale, the Physical Frailty Phenotype and the 5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Executive function was measured using 3 tests, including digital backward, category Verbal Fluency Test and Trail Making Test. The study followed the STROBE guideline. Results: The latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four patterns of attentional bias, namely "no positive bias & no negative bias" (class 1, 9.3%), "minor positive bias & no negative bias" (class 2, 48.0%), "major positive bias & minor negative bias" (class 3, 25.6%) and "major positive bias & no negative bias" (class 4, 17.1%). Regression analysis found that frailty was associated with depressive symptoms. Frailty was also negatively associated with executive function, which was a protective factor for attentional bias class 1, 2 and 3 with reference to class 4. Attentional bias class 1 and 2 but not class 3 was associated with depressive symptoms with reference to class 4. The joint significance test confirmed executive function and attentional bias as serial mediators linking frailty to depressive symptoms. Discussion: Unlike robust older adults who have the age‐related positivity effect, frail older adults have attentional bias deficits due to executive dysfunction, and consequently experience clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare providers should take executive function training and attentional bias regulation into consideration to reduce the detrimental effects of frailty on emotional well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study examines the effects of family beliefs and family strength on individual resilience and quality of life among young breast cancer survivors and determines whether family strength mediates the effect of family beliefs on individual resilience and quality of life. Background: Family beliefs and family strength are meaningful protective factors that help individuals maintain physical and mental health. However, few studies have explored their impact on individual resilience and quality of life. Design: This study was conducted using a cross‐sectional survey with a three‐stage, stratified, convenience sampling approach following the STROBE guideline. Methods: From August 2020 to May 2021, participants completed the shortened Chinese version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Chinese version of the Family Beliefs Scale, the Family Strength Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast scale. Structural equation modelling and multiple mediation effects test were used to explore the relationships among family beliefs, family strength, individual resilience and quality of life. Results: The final model accounted for 44.5% and 78.1% of the total variance of individual resilience and quality of life, respectively. Family beliefs had an indirect effect on both individual resilience and quality of life through family strength. Family strength had a direct effect on individual resilience and had both a direct and an indirect effect on quality of life. Family strength mediated the correlations of family beliefs with individual resilience and quality of life. Conclusion: Mobilising family resources to establish healthy family beliefs and exert positive family strength will help increase young breast cancer survivors' individual resilience and improve quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice: This study confirms the importance for clinical nursing practice to mobilise family resources and develop interventions centred on family beliefs and family strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare the effects of the adoption of lateral positions and lithotomy positions during the passive and active phases of the second stage of labour on perineal outcomes. Design: An observational study with prospectively collected data, conducted in three hospitals in China. Method: Attending midwives recorded the perineal outcomes and characteristics of women giving birth between July–November 2020. Binary logistic regression was performed to explore the effects of lateral positions on perineal outcomes during different phases of the second stage of labour. The STROBE guidelines guided the reporting of this study. Results: Among primiparous women, when compared with those who adopted lateral positions during the passive phase of the second stage of labour and changed to lithotomy positions during the active phase, women who assumed lateral positions during both the passive and active phases had a higher rate of intact perineum/first‐degree perineal tears and a reduced risk of episiotomy, and episiotomy/second‐degree perineal tears. No significant difference was found in perineal outcomes between those who assumed lithotomy positions during the passive and active phases and those who adopted lateral positions during the passive phase and changed to lithotomy positions during the active phase. No significant difference was found in perineal outcomes among multiparous women, regardless of different positions adopted at the passive and/or the active phase. Conclusion: Lateral positions during the active phase may have protective effects on the perineum in primiparous women. However, adopting lateral positions only during the passive phase did not promote better perineal outcomes, regardless of parity. Relevance to clinical practice: This study will provide a further reference for the use of lateral positions during different phases of the second stage of labour among primiparous and multiparous women in clinical practice, contributing to the perineal protection during childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the care experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians diagnosed with cirrhosis with a focus on support needed. Background: Cirrhosis disproportionately affects Indigenous Australians, and liver diseases contribute to the mortality gap between Indigenous and other Australian adults. Design: A qualitative study. Methods: Using yarning methods, Indigenous patients (n = 13) and support persons (n = 3) were interviewed by an Aboriginal researcher during April‐July, 2020. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes using an inductive approach. Results: Six themes emerged. (1) Experience of diagnosis. This theme included stories of delays in the system, self‐awareness of signs and symptoms and relief of being diagnosed. (2) 'Shame, shame, shame'. Experiences of prejudices and discrimination from health professionals, the lack of understanding of cirrhosis among health professionals, and stories about alcohol cessation and counselling around alcohol cessation. (3) Health literacy. Participants' understanding of cirrhosis was variable. While the importance of knowledge was recognised, 'what works for someone might not work for others'. Several patients partnered with their support persons and clinicians to bridge the health literacy gap. (4) Sources of support included family and friends, transport facilities, health professionals and peers. (5) Positive and negative aspects of communication and patient consultation were discussed. (6) Psychosocial counselling to 'look after the caring side'. The need for more mental health care services was raised. Conclusion: Barriers related to poor health literacy, stigma and lack of practical and emotional support, and issues with communication and patient consultation, may lead to inequitable access to cirrhosis care and treatment for Indigenous Australians. Relevance to clinical practice: Gaining knowledge of the experiences of Indigenous Australians with cirrhosis is important for providing patient‐centred and culturally appropriate care. Liver specialist nurses have an important role in bridging the health literacy gap and in supporting Indigenous patients and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychological well‐being, burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms among working registered nurses. Background: Nurses account for nearly half of the global healthcare workforce and are considered significant contributors in multi‐disciplinary healthcare teams. Yet, nurses face high levels of psychological distress, leading to burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Mindfulness‐based training is a strategy that has been introduced to foster a state of awareness of present physical, emotional and cognitive experiences to regulate behaviour. Design: This systematic review of randomised controlled trials was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were screened and extracted. Methodological quality was evaluated by two researchers, independently. RevMan 5.4 was used to conduct the meta‐analysis. Results: Fourteen studies including a total of 1077 nurses were included, of which only eleven were included in the meta‐analysis as the remaining had missing or incomplete data. Meta‐analysis revealed that MBI was more effective than passive comparators in reducing psychological distress, stress, depression and burnout—personal accomplishment. When compared to active comparators, MBI was also found to be more effective in reducing psychological distress and was as effective in reducing stress, anxiety, depression and burnout. Evidence on the effects of MBIs on PTSD was scarce. Conclusion: Mindfulness‐based interventions can effectively reduce psychological distress, stress, depression and some dimensions of burnout. However, evidence remains scarce in the literature. There is a need for more methodologically sound research on mindfulness‐based training among nurses. Relevance for clinical practice: An important aspect that relates to the success of mindfulness‐based interventions is the continued and dedicated individual practice of the skills taught during mindfulness training amidst demanding clinical work environments. Therefore, relevant support for nurses must be accounted for in the planning, design and implementation of future mindfulness‐based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This integrative literature review is to collect what is known about the care of people with dementia when they require a hospital admission for an orthopaedic surgical procedure and to contribute to developing an evidence‐base to support nursing practice when caring for people with dementia in an orthopaedic setting. Background: People with a dementia diagnosis are increasingly common in acute orthopaedic care settings and the admission exposes people with dementia to risks during their hospital stay. In addition, nurses find people with dementia challenging to care for due to the complexity of dual conditions. Little is known specifically about the care requirements for people with dementia in orthopaedic settings. Design: Integrative literature review. Methods: An integrative literature review and qualitative deductive content analysis using McCormack and McCance's theoretical nursing framework (Person‐Centred Nursing Framework) of nine studies were undertaken. The process of the review was guided by PRISMA checklist. Results: The care environment and resistance either in passive form, or through physical intervention, is common in orthopaedic nursing. Planning and delivering care for physical, cognitive and emotional needs is identified as being difficult, resulting in a lack of inclusion for patients, partly due to communication challenges. Finding ways to implement tailored care plans within standard ward routines proves difficult, and the consequence is a less than optimal care experience with adverse effects on patients characterised by an increase in dementia symptoms. Conclusions: Care for people with dementia in an orthopaedic setting is complex. It needs to be further studied so that more evidence and supporting literature can contribute to improved care for this group of patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study describes the complexity of providing fundamental care for people with dual conditions of dementia and orthopaedic injury and suggests opportunities for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indwelling urinary catheters (IDUCs) are associated with complications and early removal is therefore essential. Currently, it is unknown what the effect of a specific removal time is and what the consequences of this removal time are. Research question: To present an overview of the available evidence to determine the effects of three postoperative IDUC removal times (after a certain number of hours, at a specific time of day and flexible removal time) on the development of complications in hospital. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Emcare and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched till 6 June, 2021. Studies were included that described the effect of the removal time in relation to re‐catheterisation, urinary tract infections (UTIs), ambulation time, time of first voiding and hospital stay. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care. A narrative descriptive analysis was performed. PRISMA guidelines were followed in reporting this review. Results: Twenty studies were included from which 18 compared removal after a number of hours, 1 reported on a specific removal time and 1 reported on both topics. The results were contradicting regarding the hypothesis that later removal increases the incidence of UTIs. Earlier removal does not lead to a higher re‐catheterisation rate while immediate removal is beneficial for reducing the time to first ambulation and shortening the hospital stay. Studies reporting on specific removal times did not find differences in outcomes. No study addressed flexible removal time. Conclusions: There is inconclusive evidence that earlier removal results in less UTIs, despite the incidence of UTIs increasing if the IDUC is removed ≥24 h. Immediate or after 1–2 day(s) removal does not lead to higher re‐catheterisation rates while immediate removal results in earlier ambulation and shorter length of hospital stay. Implications of key findings: Nurses should focus on early IDUC removal while being aware of urinary retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objective: To explore what is known about knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that influence hand hygiene practices in in low‐ and middle‐income Caribbean and Latin American countries. Background: With the emergence of infectious diseases such as the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, handwashing is key to preventing communicable diseases as they disproportionately affect populations in low‐income countries. While hand hygiene is known to be the single most effective method for avoiding the transmission of infection, little is known about the beliefs and practices of individuals in these regions. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 Checklist, an integrative review of studies published from 2008–2020 was conducted (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). Whittemore and Knafl's method was used to review the literature. Six databases were searched, and the Johns Hopkins Evidence Based Rating Scale was used for study appraisal. Results: The review yielded 18 studies conducted across Latin America. Poor handwashing practices are influenced by various factors including inadequate education and training, cultural beliefs, lack of resources and substandard government regulations. Communicable diseases and other diarrheal illnesses were highly prevalent, especially after a major disease outbreak. Conclusion: Future post‐disaster campaigns aimed at improving hand hygiene and handwashing practices should focus on beliefs and attitudes to affect behaviour change since there was a higher disease susceptibility during those times. Barriers to proper hand hygiene include false attitudes such as, washing hands only after touching bodily fluids/patient contact or not washing hands at all after open defecation. Relevance to clinical practice: Researchers working with populations in Latin America and the Caribbean should partner with local community health workers to improve compliance to recommended hand hygiene practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Living with chronic condition(s) is difficult, due in part to the complexities of effective disease self‐care. Self‐care has been considered a challenging process according to the literature which describes multiple barriers patients with chronic conditions experience. Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. No systematic review and meta‐analysis have been conducted to synthesise and quantify the relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions. Aims: (1) To examine how the definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience align with the middle‐range theory of self‐care of chronic illness (i.e. self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring, and self‐care management) and 3 Rs of resilience process from the society‐to‐cells framework (i.e. resistance, recovery and rebound) across different chronic conditions; and (2) to examine whether and the degree to which resilience is correlated with self‐care across different chronic conditions. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis, following PRISMA guidelines. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX and PsychINFO were searched for quantitative studies published from January 2000 through July 2020. Descriptive data were summarised using numerical counting to provide an overview of the study characteristics. Definitions and measurements of self‐care and resilience were synthesised narratively based on self‐care and resilience theories. Numerical data with Pearson's product–moment correlation among observational studies were examined using meta‐analysis. Results: This review included 20 articles, involving 9,269 individuals across 11 chronic conditions. Despite self‐care and resilience being defined and operationalised in a variety of ways, most definitions shared some underlying core constructs. Meta‐analysis showed a positive relationship between resilience and self‐care across chronic conditions. Findings from interventional studies indicated a bidirectional relationship between resilience and self‐care. Conclusions: Overall, resilience was positively associated with self‐care in people with chronic conditions. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between resilience and self‐care. Relevant to clinical practice: Resilience has the potential to buffer the adversities of daily self‐care and maintain physical and emotional well‐being. The positive relationship between resilience and self‐care found in this review provides preliminary evidence for clinicians to not only focus on reducing barriers and risk factors of self‐care but also to improve or increase patients' resilience through various evidence‐based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To verify the effects of self‐care programs among adults with prediabetes, to identify the preferable structure components and to summarise the core content components of self‐care programs. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Wanfang, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Database and Open Grey were searched for studies published from January 2002 to December, 2021. Meta‐analysis was conducted to verify the effects of self‐care programs on diabetes incidence. Subgroup analyses based on structure components were performed to contrast the effects. We made a critical analysis to generalise the core elements of content components. The study was reported according to PRISMA statement. Results: Totally, 15 studies were included in systematic review, of which 14 studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. The results of meta‐analysis showed the incidence of diabetes for prediabetic adults receiving self‐care programs was significantly lower than those who received usual care (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73). The results of subgroup analyses based on delivery mode, intervention implementer, health education brochures provided, and follow‐up duration showed statistically significant reduction in incidence compared with control group (p <.05). However, the differences of these pair‐wise comparisons (face‐to‐face or remote, individual or interdisciplinary team, with or without brochures provided, ≤1 year or >1 year) were not statistically significant (p >.05). Three core content elements were generalised: cognitive education, behaviour guidance and psychological support. Conclusions: Self‐care programs can effectively delay the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Regardless of the diversified structure components, self‐care programs can achieve better effects on the diabetes incidence than usual care, while the optimal structure components still remain unknown. Cognitive education, behaviour guidance and psychological support are core elements for these programs. Relevance to clinical practice: More clinical trials with rigorous study design are needed to provide further evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with intellectual disability experience poorer health and healthcare access issues. As a leading role in healthcare provision for people with intellectual disability nurses are key to supporting person‐centred care and health outcomes. However, little is known about specialist intellectual disability nursing and their contribution to care provision for people with intellectual disability. Methods: A systematic scoping review. Searches of seven academic databases including MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were conducted to identify relevant literature. Literature addressing intellectual disability nursing or nursing care for people with intellectual disability in intellectual disability centres/units/care homes were reviewed and reported as per PRISMA‐ScR checklist and PRISMA flow diagram. Results: The published literature (n = 68) is extensive and describes the value and contribution of intellectual disability nursing across all domains of professional practice and supports a biopsychosocial‐educational approach to addressing the physical, mental and social needs of clients with intellectual disability across the care continuum of health management, health promotion and health education. Conclusions: Despite the importance of the review question and the large volume of publication evidence detailing wide‐ranging professional nursing roles and responsibilities, there remains limited literature on the assessment and intervention strategies employed by intellectual disability nurses that highlight their specialist knowledge and skill. Future research should focus on making the role of the nurse more visible and presenting their unique contributions to client care, service delivery, policy and ultimately to the art and science of nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To synthesise the experience of nursing students in their final years regarding high‐fidelity simulation in acute and critical care. Background: For the complex and changing healthcare environment, new tools are required to help health students, educational staff and managers to design and present rewarding educational simulations. Due to the complexity and limited learning opportunities in real settings, high‐fidelity simulation enables students to acquire skills for the provision of acute and critical care in a controlled environment that closely imitates reality; however, the literature on students' learning experiences with this education methodology is still limited. Design: This study followed Noblit and Hare's interpretive meta‐ethnography, which was written and reviewed for reporting clarity against the EQUATOR checklist using the eMERGe. Data sources: A comprehensive systematic search strategy was carried out in five databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Review methods: Ten studies met the research objective and inclusion criteria. Results: The metaphor 'Cultivating learning in vitro' and four themes were developed to describe the learning experiences of nursing students regarding high‐fidelity simulation in acute and critical care. The themes were as follows: Learning roots—Ways to learn during high‐fidelity simulation; Learning stimulants—Elements that favour learning; Learning impairments—Elements that hinder learning; and Learning flourishing—Results after high‐fidelity simulation. Conclusions: Seeing, doing and reflecting constituted the main sources of learning. Students identified the stimulating and debilitating aspects of learning which could help in the design of simulation sessions and promote their incorporation into nursing curricula. Finally, 'the flowering of the plant' represents the learning outcomes developed in a controlled and safe environment. Relevance to clinical practice: The results of this meta‐ethnography provide keys to promote change in teaching planning in relation to acute and critical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]