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Background: It is critical for nurses to provide healthcare services to healthy/sick individuals with a humanistic approach and with empathy. Aims: This research aimed to determine nurses' humanistic behaviour ability, empathy levels and related factors in clinical practice. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional and exploratory study. Methods: Probability sampling method was used, and 337 nurses working in two public hospitals were included in the study. Data was collected using the Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing Scale and the Empathy Level Determination Scale. Structural equation model analysis and descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the hypothesised model. This study adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting. Results: Nurses' humanistic ability and empathy level in nursing practices were found to be above average. Both the ability to act humanely in nursing practices and their empathy levels were found to be significantly higher in nurses who were married and had children. A significant relationship was found between empathy levels and humanistic behaviours. Accordingly, nurses' empathy levels positively affected their humanistic care behaviours, and the model established between the two concepts was found to be statistically appropriate. Conclusions: Nurses' empathy levels positively affect their ability to act humanistically. The result of the model established between the two concepts also supports this. Care strategies should be developed that consider factors that will improve empathetic and humanistic behaviours in nurses and maximise individualised care practices. Implications for the Profession: Increasing the awareness of nurses about the factors affecting humanistic behaviours and empathic attitudes while caring for individuals in clinical practice, will contribute to improving the quality of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the incidence of pressure injuries from medical devices in children. Background: Medical devices can cause pressure injuries on skin and soft tissues. Design: A prospective, descriptive study adhering to STROBE guidelines. Methods: This study was conducted in the third‐level Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of Ege University Hospital in İzmir, Türkiye between April 2019 and October 2019 in Türkiye. Patients aged between 1 month and 18 years with medical devices were observed for pressure injuries using Braden scales and a specific monitoring form. Results: In this study, we followed 522 medical devices applied to 96 patients. The three most commonly used medical devices were the ECG probe (21%), the blood pressure cuff (16%) and the saturation probe. Out of the 522 medical devices followed, 36 caused pressure injuries (6.8%). Conclusion: The incidence of medical device‐related pressure injuries was found to be high. Effective training and implementation strategies need to be devised for paediatric nurses to prevent pressure injuries associated with medical devices. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The results of this study reveal that pressure injuries related to medical devices are an important health problem in paediatric hospitals. Therefore, awareness‐raising and educational activities among health professionals and nurses should be accelerated. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine the relationship between perception of COVID‐19, fear of COVID‐19 and self‐care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process. Background: Individuals with chronic diseases are a sensitive group during the COVID‐19 pandemic process; it is thought that self‐care management may be adversely affected as a result of their more intense exposure to the psychological, physiological and economic effects of the pandemic. In the literature, there is no study examining the effect of perception of COVID‐19 and fear of COVID‐19 on self‐care management in individuals with chronic diseases. Design: Descriptive study. Methods: The study was conducted with 322 individuals who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a university's Health Practice and Research Center, met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study and had a chronic disease. Questionnaire form, Perception of COVID‐19 Scale (P‐COVID‐19), The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) and Self‐Care Management Process in Chronic Illness Scale (SCMP‐G) were used to collect data. STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. Results: In the study, it can be stated that individuals with chronic diseases had a moderate to the high perception of contagiousness and dangerousness of COVID‐19, they had a moderate‐high level of fear of COVID‐19 and their self‐care care management was above moderate level. There was a significant positive correlation between P‐COVID‐19, FCV‐19S and SCMP‐G in the study. Conclusions: It was found that the perception of COVID‐19 contagiousness and the fear of COVID‐19 had a positive effect on the self‐care management of individuals with chronic diseases. Relevance to clinical practice: Determining the level of COVID‐19 perception and fear of COVID‐19 and their effects on the life of the individual, and evaluating self‐care management during the difficult pandemic process will increase the success in the holistic nursing care and management of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed at determining the perception of fatigue among patients with a history of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Background: Fatigue is a long‐lasting distressing symptom. It is a multidimensional symptom consisting of several factors, including physiological, psychological, social and environmental. It is vital to examine and understand the perception of fatigue among post‐COVID‐19 participants. Design: A descriptive phenomenological design. Methods: The study sample consisted of 14 post‐COVID‐19 participants that were recruited using criterion sampling. The fatigue levels of the participants were determined using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), and those with a fatigue score above 12 were interviewed. All the interviews were conducted with a smartphone due to the COVID‐19. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used. Results: The age of the participants varied from 24 to 67 years, with the majority of the participants being female (n = 8). The COVID‐19 duration ranged from one to 11 months, and the CFS scores varied between 14 and 33. Four themes emerged following the qualitative data analysis: a new symptom beyond fatigue, fatigue increases dependency in daily life, fatigue impedes sociability and a way to hold on to life's regular rhythms. Conclusions: This study concluded that fatigue in post‐COVID‐19 participants is a new experience that is difficult to define and manage and overwhelmingly affects the physical and social aspects of life. Participants look for new ways to live with fatigue and turn to traditional methods and psychosocial strategies. Relevance to clinical practice: This study revealed the miscellaneous aspects of fatigue in post‐COVID‐19 participants. Nurses should evaluate fatigue with a holistic approach that includes its physical, social, emotional and spiritual aspects. Nurses can play an active role in the management of fatigue, which is a very common symptom in the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective: The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the point prevalence and associated risk factors of medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPI) in intensive care patients in Turkey. Background: MDRPI remain a clinical problem that has garnered the attention of healthcare professionals. Design: This study used a cross‐sectional design and was conducted over a single day in all intensive care units. Method: Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, observation, skin examination and detailed diagnosis of MDRPI development and influencing factors. Presence of pressure injuries on the skin in the areas where the patient's medical device was placed was defined. The study was reported according to the STROBE declaration. Results: MDRPI developed in 65 out of 200 patients included in the study (32.5%). The most frequent locations were on the face (71%). The MDRPIs were commonly associated with nasogastric tube (29.2%), endotracheal tube (18.5%) and CPAP mask (15.4%). A significant proportion of these injuries were mucosal (53.8%, n = 35). The majority of the skin pressure injuries were classified as Stage II (18.5%, n = 12). The risk increased 14 times in patients who were hospitalised for 9–16 days and 13 times in those who received mechanical ventilator support. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that MDRPI developed in approximately one of three patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit, and the length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilator support were important determining risk factors. The high prevalence of MDRPI may indicate inadequate nursing care quality. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses be aware of risk factors and evaluate the suitability and safety of medical devices. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution was involved in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qualified individualised nursing care should be provided to all communities and ethnic groups with free of ethnocentrism. Aims: To evaluate nurses' individualised care behaviours and ethnocentric attitudes and predict the relationship between their individualised care behaviours and ethnocentric attitudes. Design: A descriptive and exploratory study. Methods: This study was conducted with 250 nurses working in a public and two private hospitals in a city, an area with many refugees. Data were collected using the Ethnocentrism Scale and Individualised Care Behaviours Scale. Structural equation model analysis to test hypothetical model and descriptive statistics were used. Results: Nurses working in the private hospitals had a higher individualised care decision control mean score. Those nurses who enjoyed spending time with people from different cultures had lower mean ethnocentrism scale scores, higher individualised care clinical status, personal life and decision control status subscales mean scores compared to other nurses. Mean scores of the individualised care personal life and decision control status subscales of the nurses who followed the literature on transcultural nursing was higher. A significant relationship between the ethnocentrism levels and individualised care behaviours was identified. Accordingly, the ethnocentric attitudes of the nurses negatively affected their individualised care behaviours, and the model established between the two concepts is statistically appropriate. Conclusions: Nurses who work in private hospitals, receive intercultural nursing education and enjoy spending time with different cultures have higher individualised care behaviours and lower ethnocentrism levels. Ethnocentric attitudes of the nurses negatively affected their individualised care behaviours. Care strategies should be developed that consider the factors that will maximize individualised care practices that minimize ethnocentric behaviours among nurses. Implications for the Profession: Increasing awareness on individualised care behaviours, ethnocentric attitudes and effected factors will contribute to improve of nursing care quality of nurses while giving care to individuals from different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the risk perceptions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarding insulin therapy and diabetes complications. Background: Self‐care behaviour is an important requirement for managing T2DM, and risk perceptions are thought to play a key role in this behavioural process. It is predicted that an accurate risk perception will contribute to diabetes management and the reduction in diabetes‐related complications. Design: This study was conducted as cross‐sectional and a descriptive study. The STROBE checklist was used. Methods: The study was conducted with 330 patients with T2DM who presented to the endocrinology outpatient clinic of the Eskisehir City Hospital between October 2020 and May 2021. A personal information form, the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale and the Risk Perception Survey‐Diabetes Mellitus were used to collect data. The SAS 9.4 software package was used for the statistical analysis. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal‐Wallis test and the Spearman correlation analysis. Results: It was determined that 62.4% of the patients with T2DM participating in the study were female, the mean age was 56.7 ± 9.1 years, 50.6% were primary school graduates, 31% used oral antidiabetic medications, and 58.7% used insulin together with oral antidiabetic drugs. The mean score of participants on the total Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale was 75.1 ± 11.5, and the level of negative perceptions towards insulin use was found to be high. The participants' mean score on the total Risk Perception Survey‐Diabetes Mellitus was 3.9 ± 0.8, and it was found that they had high levels of risk perceptions of diabetes complications. There was a moderate, statistically significant negative correlation between the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale and the Risk Perception Survey‐Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: Patients with perceptions of a lower risk for diabetes complications had more negative attitudes towards insulin therapy. It is recommended to determine the risk perceptions of patients with T2DM and to plan appropriate nursing interventions that can increase their positive perceptions and change their negative perceptions so that they can make healthy behaviour changes. Additionally, it is recommended that patients with T2DM should be supported and the number of studies in this field should be increased. Relevance to clinical practice: The effective management of diabetes requires cooperation between patients with T2DM and health professionals. Nurses should perform a constant evaluation and follow‐up to address patients' knowledge, perception and actual health behaviours and to guide a culturally and gender‐sensitive care plan. For individualised care plans that provide appropriate support and counselling, it is necessary to constantly assess risk factors and barriers to preventive health behaviours and perceptions. No patient or public contribution: Patients with T2DM contributed their data to the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The study aimed to determine the impact of clinical nurses' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic on their learning agility and readiness for other future pandemics. Background: It is important that nurses have high learning agility so they can successfully adapt their experience to COVID‐19 and other pandemics that may occur in the future. This will positively affect the readiness of nurses to fight against possible future pandemics. Design: The study is cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational research. Methods: The study was carried outby data collection from 383 nurses. Data were collected via online survey using social media. The study methods were followed by the STORBE guidelines. Results: The average score of nurses on the Marmara Learning Agility Scale was 4.07 ±.030. The level of readiness of nurses for new pandemics was 96.1%. Positive but weak correlations were found between the effect of nurses' experiences in the COVID‐19 pandemic with their readiness for potential future pandemics and their learning agility. Conclusions: It was observed that nurses have high learning agility, gained experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic and these experiences affected their readiness for other potential future pandemics. Relevance to clinical practice: Health institutions to develop learning agility to support career management, manager selection and performance improvement for clinical nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to: (a) identify and examine the influence of clinical leadership, creative team climate (CTC) and structural empowerment (SE) on the nurse performance (NP) of clinical nurses in hospitals in Turkey, and (b) establish a model designed to verify the fit and effect of these factors. Background: Nurse performance is a significant indicator of work efficiency, patient care quality and patient safety. Existing studies explaining the mechanisms that lead to higher nurse performance have been limited. Design: This descriptive, cross‐sectional study used relation prediction modelling and adhered to STROBE guidelines. Methods: This study used an online survey to collect data from volunteered 664 clinical nurses working in hospitals in Turkey. The data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and the AMOS 24.0 program. Path analysis was used to verify/test the hypothetical model, and the fit was evaluated by χ2/df, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI, IFI, RFI, TLI, RMR and RMSEA. Results: The fit index of the modified path model was χ2/df = 3.730, GFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.892, NFI = 0.907, CFI = 0.923, IFI = 0.923, RFI = 0.906, TLI = 0.912, RMR = 0.078 and RMSEA = 0.064. Through creative team climate and structural empowerment, clinical leadership had the greatest standardised direct (β =.35) and indirect (β =.17) effects on clinical nurse performance, the final outcome variable. Creative team climate (β =.23) and structural empowerment (β =.19) also had a significant standardised direct effect on nurse performance. Clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment explained 39% of the total variance of nurse performance. Conclusions: This study shows that clinical nurse performance in hospitals was significantly influenced by clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment. The results suggest that intervention programmes considering these factors could be implemented to enhance nurse performance. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Improved nurse performance requires strong clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment. Therefore, healthcare organisations may implement initiatives to enhance nurse performance by taking these factors into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To reveal the existence of alarms in COVID‐19 intensive care units, where medical devices with alarm function are frequently used, the effects of alarms on nurses, especially their on‐the‐job performances and social lives, and their coping methods. Methodology/Methods: This was a mixed design, including descriptive and qualitative research methods with two stages, and was carried out between March and April 2021. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies. Setting: Nurses in the COVID‐19 intensive care unit of a university hospital constituted the sample. 58 nurses participated in the quantitative data phase, and 18 nurses in the qualitative interviews. Results: More than half of the nurses worked in the COVID‐19 intensive care unit for more than 5 months and overtime, and 87.9 had day and night shifts. The monthly income level of 65.5% was between the hunger and poverty lines, and 12.1 % received psychiatric support in the last 6 months. A positive and significant relationship was found between the mean score obtained from the alarm fatigue questionnaire and the level of discomfort felt due to the alarms (1–10 points) (p = 0.001). Five themes and thirty sub‐themes were emerged in the focus group interviews. Conclusion: The number of alarms of the medical devices in the COVID‐19 intensive care units was more than the other intensive care units, resulting in fatigue in nurses. Since alarm fatigue is directly related to patient safety, the effective management of medical device alarms can reduce alarm fatigue and prevent potentially dangerous outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses care for patients with severe clinical conditions in COVID‐19 intensive care units. This situation caused them to be exposed to more alarms. Nurses should make efforts to reduce their alarm intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global COVID‐19 pandemic has led to massive disruptions in daily life, business, education, lifestyle and economies worldwide. Nurses are a professional group who care directly for COVID‐19 patients and thus face direct exposure to the virus. The nurses who work on the front lines during this period put their own well‐being at risk to care for these patients. Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the experiences and challenges faced by nurses working in pandemic clinics in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative study was based on semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted through the mobile application Whatsapp with 19 nurses who were actively working in pandemic clinics. Due to the pandemic, the snowball sampling method was used to reach the sample group. Interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and later transcribed. The study data were interpreted according to themes identified using thematic analysis. Throughout the study, the authors followed the COREQ checklist. Results: The experiences of nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients were summarised into five major themes: psychosocial adaptation, protection, difficulty in care and treatment, access to information and working conditions. Conclusion: Nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients in Turkey have been affected psychologically, socially and physiologically. They experienced stigmatisation, exhaustion and burnout. One of the biggest challenges for the nurses was difficulty providing physical care and treatment due to the use of personal protective equipment. Nurses want improved compensation in addition to applause from the public. Interventions to help bolster nurses' psychological and physiological strength are recommended. Relevance to clinical practice: This study emphasised nurses' psychologically, socially and physiologically affected. Therefore, improvements in financial and moral support would provide psychological reinforcement for nurses during the epidemic. Informing the public is necessary to reduce the stigmatisation of nurses working in pandemic clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a care programme based on the Comfort Theory on reducing parental anxiety forming during the perioperative process of paediatric day surgery. Background: According to the Comfort Theory, nurses provide comfort and take precautions related to comfort, and they provide care and assistance by encouraging individuals/families/society and supporting coping methods. This study is the first randomised controlled study to test the effect of a nursing care programme based on the Comfort Theory for paediatric day surgery. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Methods: The research was completed from June–September 2019 with participation of parents whose children were undergoing paediatric day surgery at a hospital in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. A total of 120 participants were randomly assigned to two equal groups. The intervention group received care programme based on Comfort Theory. The control group received nursing care routinely provided in the clinic. Data were collected using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Measures were obtained at six points, at baseline, at four interval observations after the initial point and during follow‐up on the 10th postoperative day. The repeated measures ANOVA test and t‐test for independent samples were used to compare the anxiety levels between the intervention and control groups. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in favour of the group receiving the care programme based on the Comfort Theory when the anxiety levels between the intervention and control groups were compared. Conclusions: The care programme based on the Comfort Theory was effective in reducing parental anxiety forming in the perioperative process of paediatric day surgery. Relevance to clinical practice: The results of this study show the applicability of the care programme for paediatric day surgery. It is recommended that this programme be introduced to nurses in paediatric day surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of nurses' individual, professional and work environment characteristics on their job performance levels. Background: Nurses' job performance is important in the effective and efficient provision of health care. Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study. The STROBE guidelines were used in this study. Methods: The sample of this descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional study comprised 370 nurses working at one private and two university hospitals in Turkey. A demographic information form, the Practice Work Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) and the Nursing Job Performance Scale (JPS) were used to collect the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation and multiple linear (stepwise) regression. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between the scores on the PES‐NWI and the JPS (r: 0.65, p <.05). Regression analysis showed that nurses' job performance was affected by five variables (R2: 59%, p <.05, Durbin–Watson: 2.06). Conclusion: The results of the study show that three sub‐dimensions of the PES‐NWI (nursing foundations for quality of care; staffing and resource adequacy; nurse manager abilities, leadership and support for nurses), colleague solidarity and education level were important factors affecting job performance. Relevance to clinical practice: The job performance of nurses is a priority issue in delivering quality healthcare services. Further efforts need to be pursued to nurse managers ensure a positive work environment to increase their nurses' job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship of nurses' psychological well‐being with their coronaphobia and work–life balance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: COVID‐19 is a global life‐threatening disease. The COVID‐19 pandemic negatively affects nurses' mental health. No studies have been conducted to determine the factors that affect nurses' psychological well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey. If nurses' psychological well‐being is impaired during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the quality of nursing care and the nurses' performance may be negatively affected. Design: This is a descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional study. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used for reporting in this study. Methods: The study population consisted of the nurses working in a Health Application and Research Center in Turkey. Data were collected using Google forms between June–August 2020. The study sample consisted of 295 nurses who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and used social media tools. The data were collected using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the COVID‐19 Phobia Scale (C19P‐S), the Work–Life Balance (WLB) Scale and the Psychological Well‐Being (PWB) Scale. The factors that affect psychological well‐being were determined using the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The nurses' work–life balance and psychological well‐being were negatively affected during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their COVID‐19 phobia was mild‐to‐moderate level. The nurses' psychological well‐being was significantly affected by the variable of neglecting life the most, followed by coronaphobia and work–life balance, which explain 75% of the variance. Conclusions: This study shows that coronaphobia experienced by nurses and work–life balance was related to their psychological well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Managers should take measures (regulating the working hours) to decrease nurses' COVID‐19 phobia (education, counselling or psychotherapy) and work–life imbalance. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses' peers, managers and organisations need to take into account nurses' negative emotions and behaviours and organise training programmes to help them overcome their fears, communicate clearly and provide for their basic needs. Organisations, including managers and nurses, must recognise the distress being experienced by their nurses and create safe environments in which to have significant conversations. Nurses' mental health can be screened regularly by multidisciplinary teams, psychological support can be provided when required, and working hours can be regulated through appropriate shifts and breaks that will ensure work–life balance during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses receiving emotional support from their families and friends (via chatting and sharing troubles) can also contribute positively. These measures and regulations will positively affect nurses' psychological well‐being and contribute to an increase in the quality of care and nurses' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: Violence against nurses is a common problem that persists worldwide. Design: This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods: An online questionnaire form and the Nursing Professional Commitment Scale were used to collect the data. The study was carried out online during the COVID‐19 pandemic between October–December 2020. A total of 263 nurses agreed to participate in the study. The STROBE checklist was followed for observational studies. Results: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, 8.4% of the nurses stated that they were exposed to physical violence, 57.8% to verbal violence, 0.8% to sexual violence and 61.6% to mobbing. 52.1% of the nurses stated that they thought of quitting the profession during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mean total Nursing Professional Commitment Scale score was 71.33 ± 15.05. Conclusions: This study revealed that nurses' exposure to physical, verbal and sexual violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic decreased compared to before the pandemic. Nurses' exposure to mobbing during the pandemic was found to increase. A statistically significant difference was found between the status of the nurses' exposure to physical violence, verbal violence, and mobbing, working hours, number of patients given care, and their thoughts of quitting the profession. It was found that the status of exposure to physical violence, thinking of quitting the profession and working hours decreased professional commitment. Relevance to clinical practice: In the light of these results, it is recommended that measures to prevent violence should be addressed in a multifaceted way. In managing the pandemic process, the decisions and practices should not be left to the managers' initiative to prevent mobbing. Initiatives that will increase nurses' professional commitment during the pandemic process should be planned and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the spiritual care needs and associated factors in patients with ostomy. Background: The significance of the spiritual care needs of the patients has been emphasised across countries and cultures in the literature. Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study. Methods: Outpatients with an ostomy (n = 127) were recruited from proctology, wound and stoma therapy unit and general surgery clinics between January and 28 March 2020. The data were collected using the Socio‐demographic Characteristics Form and Spiritual Care Needs Inventory (SCNI). SCNI has two components, namely 'meaning and hope' and 'caring and respect'. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Student's t test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyse the data. The STROBE checklist was used to report the study. Results: The mean scores of the spiritual care needs (65.31 ± 12.83), meaning and hope (37.35 ± 9.37), and caring and respect (27.96 ± 5.63) of the patients with ostomy were found to be moderate. The most significant factors affecting the meaning and hope component were the age, being female and decreases in the level of income. Scores of the patients who perceived the severity of the disease seriously and who practiced religious ritual regularly had more spiritual care needs for the component of caring and respect. Patients with ostomy needed interaction, respect for their privacy and dignity, to be shown concern and to be respected for their religious and cultural beliefs, which were the most salient needs. Conclusions: There is an unambiguous requirement for nurses to ensure spiritual care for patients with ostomy. Showing interest and spending time for the interaction with patients with ostomy, need‐based spiritual practices and life review are key elements of spiritual care. Relevance to clinical practice: Evaluating patients with ostomy spiritually requires information about how spiritual needs may arise and how to talk about spiritual needs. The result of the present study may help nurses to begin the process of maintaining spiritual care for patients with ostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine whether nurses respect or violate patient privacy by comparing nurses' and patients' opinions. Background: Although nurses want to respect patient privacy, they can sometimes violate patient privacy or not pay enough attention. Method: This comparative and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 357 patients and 305 nurses in 12 public hospitals in Trabzon, Turkey. Data were collected with an information form and the Patient Privacy Scale. Reporting is consistent with the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. Results: The total mean score of the patient privacy scale was 4.6 ± 0.39 for nurses and 4.5 ± 0.41 for patients, and no significant difference was found between their scores (U = 52999.0; p =.554). Further, the nurses (U = 14358.0; p =.000) and the patients (U = 13272.5; p =.006) in the public hospitals had statistically significantly higher overall privacy scores than those in the training and research hospitals. The overall privacy scale scores were higher and more statistically significant in the patients hospitalised in surgical clinics than those hospitalised in clinics for internal diseases (U = 8514.0; p =.005) and in single compared to married patients (U = 12364.5; p =.034). Conclusion: Nurses respected patient privacy highly according to both nurses and patients, and there was no significant difference between their views. However, nurses working in training and research hospitals and internal diseases clinics need to improve their approaches to patient privacy. Relevance to clinical practice: The results of this study could be used to reduce patient privacy vulnerabilities in complex hospitals and clinics such as training and research hospitals and to improve institutional policies and activities regarding patient privacy. By comparing the results of patients and nurses, the study provided more consistent and accurate data about patient privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the hand hygiene beliefs and practices of Turkish nursing students and the effectiveness of their handwashing. Background: Handwashing is the most important part of preventing cross‐infection, but there is a considerable amount of evidence that shows that the handwashing technique of nurses and nursing students is not always very effective. Design/Methods: This research was carried out in two stages and is type of descriptive, analytical and observational. The study comprised 563 students from a Faculty of Nursing. Besides evaluating the nursing students' sociodemographic data, we assessed their beliefs and hand hygiene practices using a Hand Hygiene Beliefs Scale (HHBS) and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory (HHPI) and also used with "Derma LiteCheck" device to assess how effectively they washed their hands. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: The handwashing frequency of the female students was significantly higher. The scores on both the HHBS and the HHPI were significantly higher among the female students compared to the males. The dirtiest areas of the hand were determined as nails (nail beds, beneath the nails), skin between the fingers and fingertips. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that although student nurses have positive perceptions about hand hygiene and appear to have developed good habits, the effectiveness of their handwashing is poor. Relevance to clinical practice: It is of great importance that UV light and florescent gel are made readily available both at nursing schools and in hospitals and other health institutions since these elements are useful in providing immediate visual feedback for a full assessment of handwashing behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence and spiritual well‐being in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Background: The relationship between spirituality and medication adherence has been investigated in different chronic conditions. However, the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence and spiritual well‐being in patients with COPD has not been explored. Design: A descriptive correlational study design was adopted. Methods: A total of 112 patients with COPD were included in the study. Data were collected using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale‐7 (ARMS‐7) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being Scale (FACIT‐Sp). The data were analysed using descriptive and correlational statistics. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist was used. Results: The CAT score was significantly higher in patients on long‐term oxygen therapy and those who had more than three comorbid conditions (p <.05). The mean score of ARMS‐7 was significantly associated with age (p <.05). Current smokers had higher ARMS‐7 and lower FACIT‐Sp scores (p <.001). The FACIT‐Sp score was negatively and moderately associated with the CAT and ARMS‐7 scores (p <.001). Conclusion: This study concluded that individuals with higher spiritual well‐being had lower symptom burden and higher medication adherence. The need for long‐term oxygen therapy and a high number of comorbid conditions were associated with increased symptom burden. Current smokers had lower spiritual well‐being and medication adherence. Relevance to clinical practice: Spiritual well‐being should be evaluated when assessing symptom burden and medication adherence in clinical practice. In addition, further studies examining the causal relationship between symptom burden, spiritual well‐being and medication adherence in different populations are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this was to examine the effect of bladder training on bladder functions. Background: Urinary catheterization is frequently performed in order to evaluate the outcomes of the surgical procedures and to monitor the urine output after urology operations. Design and Methods: This quasi‐experimental study was conducted in the urology clinic in Istanbul, Turkey in which 50 males were nonrandomly assigned to either a bladder training (n = 28) or a control group (n =22). In the bladder training groups, the urinary catheters of the patients were clamped at 4‐hr intervals and then were left open for 5 min on the second postoperative day. This study was created in accordance with TREND Statement Checklist. Results: The first urgency time and the first voiding time were longer, and the prevoiding and the voiding volumes were higher following the removal of the catheter in the training group (p = 0.001). In addition, the evaluation of the patient bladder diaries in the first three days after the discharge period revealed that the daily frequencies of micturition and nocturia were lower (p = 0.04), the mean duration of intervals between the micturition was longer (p = 0.006), and the mean voided urinary volume was higher (p = 0.024) in the training group. Conclusion: At the end of the study, it is observed that bladder training performed by clamping the catheter on postoperative day 2 after Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TUR‐P) operation is a significant positive effect on the storage symptoms of the patients. Relevance to clinical practice: Before removing the urinary catheter, bladder training programme affects positively to patients, especially prevoiding and the voiding volumes, the daily frequencies of micturition and nocturia on postoperative periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To compare the reliability and predictive validity of the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin PI risk assessment scales in intensive care unit patients. Background: Risk assessment with a standardised tool is the usual intervention for preventing pressure injury. Therefore, tools used to assess pressure injury risk should be valid and reliable for the designated patient population. Design: A prospective and cross‐sectional study adheres to the STARD guideline. Methods: This study was conducted between November 2017–April 2018 in the intensive care units of a tertiary level university hospital in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 176 patients admitted to three intensive care units. Risk assessment was performed once daily with the Braden scale, followed immediately with the Jackson/Cubbin scale. Risk assessment was terminated on the day of pressure injury development or upon patient discharge from the intensive care unit. Each patient's final risk assessment was considered in the data analysis. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Jackson/Cubbin and Braden scales was.78 and.85, respectively. The predictive validity of the Jackson/Cubbin scale was confirmed by a sensitivity of.87, specificity of.84, positive predictive value of.47 and negative predictive value of.97. These values for the Braden scale were.95,.75,.38 and.99, respectively. Conclusion: Both the Jackson/Cubbin and Braden scales are reliable and valid scales for pressure injury risk assessment in intensive care unit patients. However, the predictive ability to determine patients at risk and not at risk for pressure injury was better for the Jackson/Cubbin scale than for the Braden scale. Relevance to clinical practice: Both scales are reliable and valid scales for pressure injury risk assessment. Jackson/Cubbin scale's discriminative ability (between the patients at pressure injury risk and not at pressure injury risk) was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine the effect of the knowledge and health beliefs of individuals about colorectal cancer on their screening behaviour. Background: Colorectal cancer ranks third among the most common cancers both worldwide and in Turkey. Colorectal cancer plays an important role in cancer mortality but can be prevented by promoting healthy behaviour and participation in early screening programmes. Design: This descriptive study was completed with 114 women and 121 men. Methods: The study data were collected using the 'Data collection form' and 'Health Belief Model Scale for Protection from Colorectal Cancer'. Potential risk factors were investigated using logistic regression analyses. The AGREE checklist was completed. Results: The colorectal cancer screening tests were known by 23.0% of the subjects and 17% had undergone one of these tests. The score medians obtained from the confidence‐benefit subscale of Health Belief Model Scale for Protection from Colorectal Cancer were found to be significantly higher in those who had undergone colorectal cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis revealed that having knowledge of the relevant tests was associated with undergoing colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions: Having knowledge on colorectal cancer screening tests increases the relevant confidence‐benefit perception regarding the tests and the behaviour of participating in screening programmes. Regular training on colorectal cancer and early diagnosis should therefore be provided by healthcare professionals to both women and men aged 50–70 years to increase the rate of undergoing early screening tests. Relevance to clinical practice: Increasing the rate of early screening is among the responsibilities of health workers working in primary health centres. Therefore, problems that prevent individuals from participating in these programmes need to be identified. In this way, health workers will develop suggestions and initiatives that change the individual's health beliefs and increase motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To investigate hospital nurses' involvement in the identification and reporting of medication errors in Turkey. Background: Medication safety is an international priority, and medication error identification and reporting are essential for patient safety. Design: A descriptive survey design consistent with the STROBE guidelines was used. Methods: The participants were 135 nurses employed in a university hospital in Turkey. The survey instrument included 18 sample cases and respondents identified whether errors had been made and how they should be reported. Descriptive statistics were analysed using the chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The sample case of "Patient given 10 mg morphine sulphate instead of 1.0 mg of morphine sulphate" was defined as a medication error by 97% of respondents, whereas the sample case of "Omitting oral/IV antibiotics because of the need to take the patient out for X‐rays for 3 hr" was defined as a medication error by only 32.1%. It was found that eight sample cases (omitting antibiotics, diluting norodol drops with saline, giving aspirin preprandially, injecting clexane before colonoscopy, giving an analgesic at the nurse's discretion, dispensing undiluted morphine, preparing dobutamine instead of dopamine and administering enteral nutrition intravenously) were assessed as errors and reported, although there were significant statistical differences between the identification and reporting of these errors. Conclusion: Nurses are able to identify medication errors, but are reluctant to report them. Fear of the consequences was the main reason given for not reporting medication errors. When errors are reported, it is likely to be to physicians. Relevance to clinical practice: The development of a commonly agreed definition of a medication error, along with clear and robust reporting mechanisms, would be a positive step towards increasing patient safety. Staff reporting medication errors should be supported, not punished, and the information provided used to improve the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim and objectives: To investigate the relationship between traumatic growth and psychological resilience in young adult children of parents with a mental disorder and to compare them with young adult children of parents without mental disorders. Background: Negative life experiences that lead to trauma can affect young adults' psychological resilience, either positively or negatively. This study investigates levels of traumatic growth, the characteristics of psychological resilience and the relationship between the former and latter in young adults between the ages of 18–23 who have parents with a mental disorder and who have parents without a mental disorder. Design: This study was designed as a cross‐sectional, descriptive study and was conducted between June 1 and October 31, 2017. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of young adult children of outpatients with mental disorders who applied to the Psychiatric Polyclinics of Burdur State Hospital (334) and young adult children of parents without mental disorders who applied to different polyclinics (332). A total of 666 individuals participated in the study. Results: Comparative analyses showed a significant difference between the participants who had parents with a mental disorder and participants who had parents without mental disorders in terms of the mean scale scores and all subscale scores on the Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory and Resilience Scale for Adults. Conclusion: It was found that individuals who had parents without a mental disorder were negatively affected after traumatic events and that their psychological resilience was high. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides data on the characteristics of traumatic growth and psychological resilience levels of not only young adults whose parents have mental disorders but also young adults whose parents do not have mental disorders. In the light of this study's findings, psychiatric nurses may benefit from conducting early screening and intervention programmes to help increase the psychological resilience of young adults whose parents have mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the effect of immobility on sacral tissue oxygen saturation in patients lying on a supporting surface in supine position. Background: Guidelines in regard to preventing pressure ulcers recommend that patients lying on a standard bed should change their positions every 2 hr and that patients on a supporting surface should change their positions every 4 hr. But there is no strong evidence that justifies this practice. Design: Quasi‐experimental. Methods: Data for the research were collected over the period October 2014–March 2015 at Anesthesiology and Reanimation and Neurosurgery Clinic Intensive Care Units. A total of 46 patients matching the research criteria were left in the supine position for 4 hr without having a position change, during which time sacral tissue oxygen saturation was measured every hour on the hour. Sacral tissue oxygen saturation was measured with the InSpectra Tissue Oxygenation Monitor. Results: Mean sacral tissue oxygen saturation was 73.4% at baseline and was then measured as 74.9% at the first hour, 72.3% at the second hour, 71.9% at the third hour and 71.9% at the fourth hour. The changes observed between measuring times were not found to be statistically significant (p = .09). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found between sacral tissue oxygen saturation values recorded over a period of 4 hr in immobile patients lying on a supporting surface in the supine position. However, it was observed that sacral tissue oxygen saturation values did not change significantly depending upon the type of supporting surface that was being used. Relevance to clinical practice: The study outcome supports changing the position of a patient lying on a supporting surface every 4 hr and provides evidence that justifies the recommendation made in the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To define the underlying reasons that lead physicians and nurses who provide patient care and treatment, to maintain silence in their work and how they perceive the consequences of such silence in public hospitals. Background: The concept of organisational silence is described as employees’ avoidance of stating his/her opinions, thoughts and suggestions, which would improve the organisation and enable it to provide better processes or services. This concept has been examined more frequently in the international literature in the past decade, and it has drawn attention as one of the most important barriers to employees’ contributions to their organisation. Design: Descriptive and cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study sample consisted of 601 physicians and nurses who work in five hospitals with bed capacities of 100 or more. The data were collected using a two‐part form: an introductory information form and an organisational silence scale. Results: Administrative and organisational topics were prominent among the reasons for employees of healthcare organisations to remain silent for both physicians and nurses. Conclusions: The results of this study should be considered by physicians and nurses to realise and improve themselves. Also, decision makers and managers of public hospitals might evaluate and remove organisational and communicative barriers to employees’ contributions to their organisations based on these results. Relevance to clinical practice: Physicians and nurses are responsible for the fulfilment of highly important tasks for their organisations. Their contributions help their organisations remain competitive, improve the health services, ensure and sustain patient safety. Hence, these results will provide information to facilitate an understanding of the topics, causes and consequences of organisational silence among physicians and nurses, two key healthcare professions, and will be helpful in the development of medical and nursing human resources in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To assess the effect of the solution‐focused approach interview technique on overweight/obese adolescents’ nutrition–exercise attitudes and behaviours. Background: Obesity is a serious health problem for all age groups, particularly adolescents; therefore, it is important for adolescents to develop healthy nutrition habits and acquire exercise behaviours. Unless healthy nutrition–exercise behaviours are acquired, obesity can develop in adolescence, continue in adulthood. Focusing on solutions can be effective for overweight/obese adolescents to develop healthy nutrition–exercise behaviours. Design: A pretest–post‐test randomised controlled trial design was used. Methods: The study included 32 overweight/obese adolescents (16 for intervention group, 16 for control group) aged 12–13 years who attended a health centre and met the inclusion criteria. The solution‐focused Approach interview technique was applied to the intervention group. Eight solution‐focused interviews were conducted with each adolescent at 2‐week intervals (interview length 30–45 min). For each group, anthropometric, metabolic measurement follow‐ups were conducted in the first and sixth months. The data were evaluated using independent samples t test, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon test, respectively, for normally, non‐normally distributed variables. The categorical variables were compared using chi‐square test. The value p < .05 was accepted to be statistically significant. Results: The study concluded that the intervention group's healthy nutrition–exercise attitude and behaviour scale scores were higher in the sixth month follow‐up; difference between the follow‐ups was significant (p < .001). The study also showed that the intervention group lost 2.6–11 kg, while the control group gained 2.9–9 kg. A significant positive relationship was found between the nutrition–exercise attitude and behaviour scores. Conclusion: Eight interviews during 6 months were adequate for positive development of their nutrition–exercise attitudes and behaviours; significant decrease in their weight, BMI percentile, BMI‐SDS values; and normal metabolic values. Relevance to clinical practice: The solution‐focused approach interview technique enabled overweight/obese adolescents’ weight and blood glucose to be controlled against obesity. It helped them acquire healthy nutrition–exercise behaviours. Thus, it can be used as support for treatment of obesity in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To determine individual and professional factors affecting the tendency of emergency unit nurses to make medical errors and their attitudes towards these errors in Turkey. Background: Compared with other units, the emergency unit is an environment where there is an increased tendency for making medical errors due to its intensive and rapid pace, noise and complex and dynamic structure. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional study. Methods: The study was carried out from 25 July 2014–16 September 2015 with the participation of 284 nurses who volunteered to take part in the study. Data were gathered using the data collection survey for nurses, the Medical Error Tendency Scale and the Medical Error Attitude Scale. Results: It was determined that 40.1% of the nurses previously witnessed medical errors, 19.4% made a medical error in the last year, 17.6% of medical errors were caused by medication errors where the wrong medication was administered in the wrong dose, and none of the nurses filled out a case report form about the medical errors they made. Regarding the factors that caused medical errors in the emergency unit, 91.2% of the nurses stated excessive workload as a cause; 85.1% stated an insufficient number of nurses; and 75.4% stated fatigue, exhaustion and burnout. Conclusions: The study showed that nurses who loved their job were satisfied with their unit and who always worked during day shifts had a lower medical error tendency. Relevance to clinical practice: It is suggested to consider the following actions: increase awareness about medical errors, organise training to reduce errors in medication administration, develop procedures and protocols specific to the emergency unit health care and create an environment which is not punitive wherein nurses can safely report medical errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To develop and evaluate the effects of a nurse‐led clinical pathway for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Background: A clinical pathway is a multidisciplinary care plan, based on evidence and guidelines to provide consistent, quality care to patients and improve outcomes. Design: Prospective, quasi‐experimental design. Methods: Patients hospitalised for coronary artery bypass graft between April 2014–November 2015 in a hospital in Turkey were studied. First 42 usual care patients were enrolled to determine outcomes and plan for the development of the clinical pathway followed by 40 patients in the newly developed clinical pathway. The primary outcome was length of stay and secondary outcomes related to recovery from surgery (e.g., time to extubation, first feeding). Results: The mean age for the clinical pathway group was 60 and for usual care was 63 years. Most were male (CP = 78%, UC = 69%). There were significant differences between groups for the primary outcome. Length of stay in the intensive care unit was 38.9 hr for CP and 50.7 hr for usual care patients p < .01. Total hospital time was 144.4 hr for clinical pathway and 162.2 hr for usual care, p < .05. For secondary measures, the following times were less for the clinical pathway group than for the usual care: time to extubation and nasogastric tube removal (5.7 vs. 8.6 hr, p < .01), first oral feeding (4.7 vs. 10.9 hr, p < .001), first mobilisation (8.4 vs. 22.9 hr, p < .001) and first bowel movement (69.8 vs. 85.9 hr, p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in the 3‐month readmission rates and complication rates between the groups, except the renal complication rates were higher in the usual care (n = 16, 38%) than in the clinical pathway (n = 7, 17.5%) (p < .05). Conclusion: The nurse‐led clinical pathway was effective in improving length of stay in both the ICU and hospital as well as the secondary outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice: This study contributes to previous studies supporting clinical pathway use can improve the length of stay and quality of care in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the relationship between psychiatric patients’ caregiver burden and anger expression styles. Background: In the caregiving process, when coping with problems, caregivers may exhibit emotional and behavioural responses, which can produce distressful results. One of these responses is angry. Examining the relationship between psychiatric patients’ caregiver burden and caregivers’ anger expression styles is necessary for quality of care. Design: A descriptive and relational study. Methods: The sample for study included 60 family caregivers who were stayed with patient in psychiatry clinic during the treatment of inpatient setting of a university hospital. Data for the study were collected using the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. The analysis of variance, Mann– Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: The caregivers’ Caregiver Burden Inventory score was found to be 24.60 ± 1.57. Gender, working status, level of intimacy with patient, status of whether or not caregiver was living with patient and status of whether or not caregiver experienced difficulties in providing care had a significant effect on the Caregiver Burden Inventory scale as a whole, as well as its subscales. This study found a positive relationship between caregiver burden and caregivers’ anger expression styles (p < .05, p < .01). Conclusion: The total Caregiver Burden Inventory mean score of caregivers was concluded to be low, with some introductory characteristics and anger expression styles having an impact on the burden experienced by caregivers. Relevance to clinical practice: Knowing the anger expression styles of caregivers is important for reducing caregiver burden and improving quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To investigate the self-concept in nurse managers in Turkey and the effects of certain variables on professional self-concept. Background Professional self-concept plays a significant role in improving certain professional behaviours. Nursing managers have the potential to influence other members of the profession with their attitudes and behaviours. Design The study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods This study was conducted with 159 nurse managers in nine different hospitals. The study data were collected with a Personal Information Form and Professional Self-concept Nursing Inventory, and the data analysis was accomplished with descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analyses. Results The professional self-concept score of nurse managers was 3·33 ( SD = 0·308). Professional competence subdimension had the highest scores, while professional satisfaction subdimension had the lowest. The types of hospital were found to be influential on professional self-concept. Conclusion The types of hospital were reported to influence the professional self-concept of nurses. Relevance to clinical practice Nursing managers are visionaries who can potentially influence nursing practices and decisions. Nursing leaders must monitor and administer strategies to improve their professional self-concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To evaluate the effect of Laughter therapy on the quality of life of nursing home residents. Background By improving the quality of life of residents living in nursing homes and allowing them to have a healthier existence, their lives can be extended. Therefore, interventions impacting the quality of life of older adults are of critical importance. Design Quasi-experimental design. Method The study was conducted between 2 March - 25 May 2015. The experimental group was composed of 32 nursing home residents from one nursing home, while the control group consisted of 33 nursing home residents from another nursing home in the capital city of Turkey. Laughter therapy was applied with nursing home residents of the experimental group two days per week (21 sessions in total). A socio-demographic form and the Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-36) were used for data collection. Results After the laughter therapy intervention, general and subscales (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and spiritual health) quality-of-life scores of residents in the experimental group significantly increased in comparison with the pretest. Conclusion Laughter therapy improved the quality of life of nursing home residents. Therefore, nursing home management should integrate laughter therapy into health care and laughter therapy should be provided as a routine nursing intervention. Relevance to clinical practice The results indicated that the laughter therapy programme had a positive effect on the quality of life of nursing home residents. Nurses can use laughter therapy as an intervention to improve quality of life of nursing home residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The aim of the study was to determine the rate of use of prenatal screening tests and the factors affecting the decision to have a prenatal screening test in pregnant women in Turkey. Background Prenatal genetic screening as an optional service is commonly used to determine a level of risk for genetic conditions in the foetus. Design A quantitative cross-sectional survey. Methods Pregnant women ( n = 274) who sought prenatal care from one hospital in Turkey were recruited and asked to complete questionnaires that were developed by the researchers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results Almost half (44·2) % of the women were primiparas, and the majority (97·8%) were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Only 36·1% of the women reported that they had prenatal screening by either the double test or triple test. Women had a low level of knowledge regarding prenatal screening: the mean knowledge score was 3·43 ± 3·21 of a possible score of 10. Having consanguineous marriage, a history of spontaneous abortion, a child with genetic disorder, multiparity or a longer marriage duration were positively correlated with accepting a prenatal screening test. Conclusions This study has provided baseline data on the uptake and reasons for accepting or declining a prenatal screening in a cohort of Turkish women. There is evidence to suggest that more education is needed to improve knowledge and provide comprehensive nursing care to promote informed consent in this context. Relevance to clinical practice Perinatal nurses are ideally situated to inform pregnant women about prenatal screening tests to improve access to healthcare services and to ensure informed decisions are made by pregnant women and their partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study aims to investigate the problems experienced by nurses and doctors as a result of exposure to surgical smoke and the precautions that need to be taken. Background Electrosurgery is carried out in almost all operating rooms, and all of those who work in these rooms are exposed to surgical smoke, especially doctors and nurses. A review of the literature reveals that there are very few studies that have been carried out on surgical smoke, and there are no studies researched on the problems experienced by those working in operating rooms. Design This descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2015. Methods The study was carried out in the operating rooms of Training and Research Hospital with 81 nurses and doctors. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 (Windows), Hacettepe University, Ankara. Results The problems experienced by the nurses and doctors as a result of exposure to surgical smoke included: headache (nurses: 48·9%, doctors: 58·3%), watering of the eyes (nurses: 40·0%, doctors: 41·7%), cough (nurses: 48·9%, doctors: 27·8%), sore throat, bad odours absorbed in the hair, nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, sneezing and rhinitis. Regarding the precautions taken to protect themselves from surgical smoke, 91·1% of the nurses and 86·1% of the doctors reported using surgical masks. Conclusions It was found that they did not report taking any effective protective measures, and only a few of the nurses reported using special filtration masks. It was observed that the participants widely used surgical masks, which are ineffective in protecting from the effects of surgical smoke. Relevance to clinical practice Attention brought to the effects of surgical smoke . Presentation of the harmful effects of surgical smoke reported by doctors and nurses. Identification of the precautions that can be taken against surgical smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study investigates the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and LATCH scores and affecting factors in Turkish mothers. Background The benefits of breastfeeding for newborns and mothers are well documented. Type of birth, maternal and neonatal complications; lack of support from healthcare professionals during breastfeeding, hospital routines, time and duration of mother-newborn attachment; and insufficiency of husband and family support are the most significant factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy in early postpartum period. Therefore, it is important to determine how all these factors affect breastfeeding. Design This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Methods The sample of the study consisted of 303 postpartum women who were recruited at the obstetrics clinic of maternity hospital in one of the three largest city of Turkey. The data were obtained using Personal Identification Form, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form and LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool to determine breastfeeding success. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis were used in data collection. Results The main finding of the study was a weak positive correlation between average LATCH scores and average Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form scores of women in the postpartum period. The women becoming pregnant four times or more got significantly higher average Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form and average LATCH scores, and the women married for 11 years or longer and the mothers starting to breastfeed their babies within 30 minutes of their birth got significantly higher average LATCH scores. Conclusions The results of the present research affirm the beneficial role of high self-efficacy in successful breastfeeding. Relevance to clinical practice It is of great importance that midwives and obstetric nurses routinely evaluate breastfeeding self-efficacy and the capability of breastfeeding for early detection of problems related to breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To analyse the impact of preoperative defecation pattern on postoperative defecation pattern for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Background Constipation is a neglected problem that occurs frequently after cardiac surgery. Design Descriptive study. Method The study sample comprised 102 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. A Descriptive Information Form, Rome III Diagnostic Criteria, Constipation Severity Instrument, Postoperative Defecation Pattern Evaluation Form and Bristol Stool Form Scale were used for data collection and analysis. Results The Constipation Severity Instrument scores of just over one-third (37·2%) of the patients who were constipated prior to surgery were higher compared to those who were not constipated. Following cardiac surgery, 39·2% of patients developed constipation and 80% of these patients were constipated prior to cardiac surgery. The findings indicate a significantly high relationship between preoperative and postoperative defecation pattern ( r = 0·71, p < 0·001). Conclusion Preoperative defecation pattern is a determining factor for the development of postoperative constipation for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Relevance to clinical practice During the preoperative period, clinical nurses may evaluate the patients' defecation patterns using valid and reliable scales and follow the defecation of the patients, especially patients with defecation problems, during the postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scale into Turkish, to determine the nurses' mental workload using subjective methods and to identify the factors affecting the mental workloads of nurses. Background As the concept of safety gains prominence in healthcare services, the determination of employees' mental workloads using subjective methods is considered important in preventing errors caused by employees. Design Methodological and descriptive design. Methods The population of the study consisted of a total of 1900 nurses working at three hospitals and a dentistry faculty hospital affiliated with a public university in Istanbul. The sample of the study consisted of 1266 nurses who agreed to participate in the study (the rate of return was 66·6%). Language and content validity and reliability measurements were performed to adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index into Turkish, which was used as the data collection tool. Results It was found that the mean total mental workload score of the nurses was 80·48 ( SD 11·76), and the weighted score of mental workload was 83·7. While the highest mean score was obtained on the subscale of mental demand (88·08, SD 16·12), the lowest mean score was obtained on the subscale of frustration (54·52, SD 29·96). The mean total mental workload score of the nurses showed a significant difference according to the units in which the nurses worked. Conclusion The mean mental workload scores of nurses working at hospitals within the scope of the study were higher than the results of other studies. Relevance to clinical practice It is recommended that nurse managers perform mental workload measurements of nurses and compare the results with the quality indicators observed in units to determine and employ a labour force that is qualified for the profession and that may benefit more effectively from human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards lesbian women and gay men. Background Nursing education in Turkey is conducted holistically; in other words, it is an integration of the physical, spiritual, mental and social realms. Students are therefore expected to not express any discrimination due to factors such as religion, language, race and gender. However, some serious problems still exist in terms of the practical applications of that philosophy. Design This study was descriptive. Methods This study included 964 students. The Attitudes towards Lesbian Women and Gay Men scale and a questionnaire were used to learn about the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students regarding gay men and lesbian women. Results Results of this study have indicated that the attitudes of religiously educated and/or conservative students towards lesbian women and gay men were negative. Female students from families with high incomes and highly educated families attended social activities and read more than other female students. The students with free life choice options expressed very positive attitudes towards gay men. Conclusion The nursing education curriculum should cover information about patients with diverse sexual orientations and their absolute rights for equally optimal healthcare. Strategies to discourage traditional gender role stereotypes and educational and media experiences for better acceptance of sexual minorities need to be developed by educational policy makers. Antidiscrimination policies protecting lesbian women and gay men should be developed by the legislative authorities and then taught to students during their nursing education. Getting familiar with diverse sexual orientations might create awareness among nursing students and reduce their attitudinal and behavioural prejudices and biases. Relevance to clinical practice To provide equal healthcare services for all patients, nurses must have accurate information about lesbian women, gay men and modify their attitude and behaviour accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To identify gynaecologic cancer patients' palliative care needs using the three levels of needs questionnaire. Background Measuring both the burden of symptoms and patient-reported palliative care needs is valuable to improve cancer care. Data representing the palliative care needs of cancer patients in Turkey remain limited. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods A total of 134 cancer patients were included in the study at an oncology hospital in Turkey. A data collection form, a short-form medical outcomes health survey, and the three levels of needs questionnaire were used to collect data. Results The mean age of participants was 59 ± 8·76, of 69·4% were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 52·2% had stage-3-4 cancer. Of patients, 69·3% had no desire for sexual intimacy, 33·5% expressed feeling as though they burden their families and 28·4% feel lonely at some level. The most prevalent problems were tiredness, to feel depressed and problems performing physical activities. The most frequent unmet needs were tiredness (60·5%), feel depressed (47·4%) and lack of appetite (38·5%). Conclusions Gynaecologic cancer patients have relatively high prevalence of symptoms and unmet palliative care needs. Health professions mostly were unable to recognise and properly manage tiredness, depression as well as lack of appetite as an integral part of quality cancer care. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses trained in palliative care are needed to evaluate and meet cancer patients' needs regularly to improve quality of palliative care. Nurses should examine the underlying reasons for most prevalent problems and give nursing care accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objective The objective of this study was to determine parents' experiences and problems with administering medication to their children at home. Background Parents' experiences and access to information for the treatment of their children's illnesses at home is necessary for their children's safety. Design A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods Four hundred parents from children's hospital outpatient clinics were included. A questionnaire was used to determine parents' experiences and problems with administering medication to their children at home. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using the spss software package (version 22.00). Results Antipyretics (59%) and antibiotics (25%) were the most commonly used medicines by parents without prescription. Nearly half of the parents stated that they gave liquid medicine with a household spoon. It was found that 54% of the parents whose children refused to take tablets or liquid medicine mixed these medications into foods. Treatment was delayed in 20·7% of the children who refused to take tablets and in 29·1% of the children who refused to take liquid medicine. As a result of the project, a form and device were developed as a solution to the problems experienced by parents while administering oral medication in the home environment. Conclusion The results of the study showed that a significant percentage of the parents did not use the correct equipment to administer medications, used non-prescription medicines, did not administer medications at correct intervals and mixed medication into foods. Relevance to clinical practice Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, should continually evaluate medication administration by parents at home and the readmission rate in the emergency department to further improve children's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To identify nursing services and assess patient satisfaction in patients who present to the emergency department. Background Emergency nursing care is a significant determinant of patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is often regarded as a reliable indicator of the quality of services provided in the emergency department. Design This is a descriptive study. Methods Eighty-four patients who presented to the university emergency department were included in the study. The study data were collected by the Patient Information Form and the Satisfaction Level Form. Results Emergency nursing services, including history taking, assessing vital signs, preparing the patient for an emergency intervention, oxygen therapy, drug delivery and blood-serum infusion were shown to be more commonly provided compared with other services such as counselling the patients and the relatives about their care or delivering educational and psychosocial services. However, 78·6% of the patients were satisfied with their nursing services. The highest satisfaction rates were observed in the following sub-dimensions of the Satisfaction Level Form: availability of the nurse (82·1%), behaviour of the nurse towards the patient (78·6%) and the frequency of nursing rounds (77·4%). Conclusions The most common practices performed by nurses in the emergency department were physical nursing services. Patient satisfaction was mostly associated with the availability of nurses when they were needed. Our results suggest that in addition to the physical care, patients should also receive education and psychosocial care in the emergency department. Relevance to clinical practice We believe that this study will contribute to the awareness and understanding of principles and concepts of emergency nursing, extend the limits of nursing knowledge and abilities, and improve and maintain the quality of clinical nursing education and practice to train specialist nurses with high levels of understanding in ethical, intellectual, administrative, investigative and professional issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether the nurses committed medical errors and to identify the types of and reasons for the medical errors. Background Medical errors have recently emerged as a significant issue both in Turkey and around the world because they result in the death and disability of a number of people each year. Design This study was a descriptive study. Method The study was conducted with 1092 nurses working at a university hospital, 12 public hospitals and a private hospital in Trabzon. Results Twenty-two per cent of the nurses stated that they had made medical errors endangering patient safety, and 4% stated that their medical errors had injured a patient. Of the nurses who made a medical error, 10% indicated that a patient's treatment was delayed and 6% stated that the patient experienced side effects. In addition, 23% of the nurses stated that they had committed medical errors such as delaying/not administering a patient's treatment and 20% stated that they had made medical errors such as using instruments without first checking them. Eighty-three per cent of the nurses stated that they had committed a medical error due to fatigue, 82% were reported to be caused by the hospital's administration due to the limited number of nurses on duty and 75% were caused by physicians and other medical personnel due to a lack of communication. Conclusion Two of five nurses had committed a medical error throughout their career; these errors were due to fatigue, a limited number of nurses and communication problems, and patients were harmed because of these errors. Relevant to clinical practice The results of this study could be used to take precautions against nursing medical errors in Turkey and to enhance institutional policies and activities regarding medical errors and patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The purpose of the study was to describe the personal experiences of relatives of Syrian patients in the intensive care unit in one hospital in Turkey. Background The concept of the intensive care unit can be particularly frightening for family members. Current recommendations for training Intensive care unit nurses should support a holistic approach to patient (and family) care, including explanations at a level that families can easily understand and allowing family members to see the patient at regular intervals. Design This qualitative study was conducted between June and August 2014 and included a study sample of 30 Syrian family members related to patients receiving treatment at a state hospital intensive care unit in Turkey. Methods Data were collected by semi-structured interviews. We used percentages to represent descriptive data and conducted qualitative content analysis. Results Following data analysis, six themes arose: (1) communication-related difficulties, (2) difficulties receiving information regarding the patient's condition, (3) difficulties meeting personal needs, (4) difficulties communicating with other family members, (5) difficulties receiving support from other family members, and (6) unmet expectations from nurses and hospital administration. Conclusions Syrian patient's relatives receiving treatment in an intensive care unit in Turkey experienced communication difficulties in terms of receiving information from health care personnel, informing other family members, receiving social support from other family members, and having various unmet expectations from nurses and hospital administration. Relevance to clinical practice The results of this study can be used to develop guidelines and predictions for scenarios that are likely to arise for patients' relatives from foreign countries who arrive to support patients who receive healthcare services in our increasingly global world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study had two aims. The first aim was to compare attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences of women with psychiatric disorders and their children to a control group. The second aim was to determine the relationship between attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences both in mothers and their children. Background According to attachment theories, trauma in an early relationship initiates a developmental cascade in which insecure attachments may occur. Design A cross-sectional, descriptive study which, employed a case-control design, was performed between May 2013-March 2014. Methods This study was conducted in 63 women with psychiatric disorders and their children. The control group consisted of 63 women without any psychiatric disorders and their children. Data were collected using questionnaire forms, including the Adult Attachment Style Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for both mothers and children. Descriptive statistics, a Pearson correlation and comparative statistics were used to analyse data. Results The childhood trauma scores of both the women with psychiatric disorders and their children were higher than the control group scores. Compared to the control group, the mothers with psychiatric disorders and their children were found to have less secure attachment styles. It was determined that the mothers and children with insecure attachment were more likely to have been abused. Conclusion These results point to a relationship between trauma in childhood and attachment style. They also suggest that this relationship may undergo intergenerational transfer. Relevance to clinical practice This study contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between childhood traumas and attachment. Psychiatric nurses should focus not only on psychiatric disorders but also on the difficulties a patient faces regarding being a parent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficiency of the STOP- BANG and Berlin Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome questionnaires for evaluating potential respiratory complications during the perioperative period. Background Questionnaires that are used to determine obstructive sleep apnoea risk are not widely used for surgical patients. Among the questionnaires that are commonly used for obstructive sleep apnoea screening, it remains unclear whether the STOP- BANG or Berlin Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome questionnaire is more effective in terms of ease of use, usage period and diagnosis of surgical patients with obstructive sleep apnoea risk. Design This study was designed as a descriptive and prospective study. Methods The study included 126 patients over 18 years of age who were American Society of Anesthesiologists classification class I- II and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To determine the potential obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome risk, the STOP- BANG and Berlin questionnaires were administered. Respiratory complications were then observed during the perioperative period. Results During intubation and extubation, we observed statistically significant differences in difficult intubation, difficult facemask ventilation and desaturation frequency between the high- and low-risk groups for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, as determined by the STOP- BANG questionnaire. During extubation, statistically significant differences in coughing, breath-holding and desaturation frequency were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups, according to the Berlin questionnaire. In the post-anaesthesia care unit, both questionnaires found statistically significant differences between the low- and high-risk groups. Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome screening questionnaires administered during the preoperative period are useful for predicting perioperative respiratory complications. It may be most useful to administer the STOP- BANG questionnaire as the initial evaluation. Relevance to clinical practice Questionnaires may be used to determine the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, which could impact the anaesthetisation of surgical patients. Questionnaires for determining the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome should be used regularly for surgical patients, and these questionnaires should be used to improve clinical protocols for anaesthesia and postanaesthesia care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The aim of this study is to measure the thickness of the muscles in the dorsogluteal and the ventrogluteal injection sites and to determine which injection site is farther away from the neurovascular structures. Background Although the dorsogluteal region is frequently used for intramuscular injections, the ventrogluteal region is suggested as a more secure injection site due to its distance to the neurovascular structures. However, there are no measurements regarding the distances of these structures. Due to this reason, the distance between these injection sites and the neurovascular structures should be measured. Design This study is a descriptive study that used cadavers to measure the distance between the injection sites and the neurovascular structures. Methods The study was conducted on 29 cadavers fixed with 10% formalin. The needle was advanced until reaching its end point. A 1·5-inch needle was used for the injections in both regions. The gluteal region was dissected. Parameters were measured with a digital vernier calliper. Data Analysis was performed using spss and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to examine differences among measurements from the two injection regions. Data were collected between February and May 2014. Results Sum of the thickness of the muscles is greater in the dorsogluteal region. The ventrogluteal region is farther than the dorsogluteal region from neurovascular structures. For the ventrogluteal injection administered from the same side, total thickness of the muscle was 22·22 ± 5 mm, distance to the superior gluteal artery was 13·87 ± 16 mm and distance to the superior gluteal nerve was 11·82 ± 14 mm. For the dorsogluteal injection, total thickness of the muscle was 28·35 ± 7 mm, distance to the superior gluteal artery was 6·83 ± 9 mm, and distance to the superior gluteal nerve was 5·67 ± 9 mm. Conclusion Intramuscular injections must be based on an individual clinical assessment of each patient. Relevance to clinical practice The ventrogluteal region is preferred as the first-choice injection site. A needle of recommended length should be used to reach the target muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study aimed to identify the emotional intelligence skills of Turkish clinical nurses according to sociodemographic and professional variables. Background Emotional intelligence is 'the ability of a person to comprehend self-emotions, to show empathy towards the feelings of others, and to control self-emotions in a way that enriches life.' Nurses with a higher emotional intelligence level offer more efficient and professional care, and they accomplish more in their social and professional lives. Design We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study. The Introductory Information Form and the Bar-On emotional intelligence Inventory were used to collect data between 20th June and 20th August 2012. Method The study was conducted with 312 nurses from 37 hospitals located within the borders of the metropolitan municipality in Ankara. Results There were no significant differences between emotional intelligence scores of the nurses according to demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, having children. Thus, sociodemographic factors did not appear to be key factors, but some professional variables did. Higher total emotional intelligence scores were observed in those who had 10 years or longer experience, who found oneself successful in professional life, who stated that emotional intelligence is an improvable skill and who previously received self-improvement training. Interpersonal skills were higher in those with a graduate degree and in nurses working in polyclinics and paediatric units. Conclusions These findings indicate which groups require improvement in emotional intelligence skills and which skills need improvement. Additionally, these results provide knowledge and create awareness about emotional intelligence skills of nurses and the distribution of these skills according to sociodemographic and professional variables. Relevance to clinical practice Implementation of emotional intelligence improvement programmes targeting the determined clinical nursing groups by nursing administrations can help the increase in emotional intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The research was conducted to evaluate oxygen saturation values measured in healthy individuals in different body positions. Background Changes in position affect ventilation-perfusion rates, oxygen transport and lung volume in normal lungs. There have been few studies and not enough information about which positioning of a healthy individual can increase oxygenation. Design A descriptive study. Methods A sample of 103 healthy individuals with no chronic disease, anaemia or pain was included in the research. Individuals were positioned in five different positions: sitting upright, supine position, prone position, lying on the left side and lying on the right side. Oxygen saturation and pulse rates were then measured and recorded after the individuals held each position for ten minutes. Results It was found that the average oxygen saturation value when measured while sitting in an upright position in a chair was significantly higher than that measured when the individual was lying on the right or left side of the body. Oxygen saturation values measured in the five different body positions were significantly higher in women, in individuals below the age of 35, in those with Body Mass Indexes of below 25 kg/m2, and in nonsmokers. Conclusion All of the oxygen saturation values measured in the five different body positions were in the normal range. Although oxygen saturation values were within the normal range in the five different body positions, post hoc analysis showed that the best oxygenation was in the 'sitting upright' position while the lowest oxygenation was in the supine position. Relevance to clinical practice Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the differences among oxygen saturation values according to the different body positions were statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives To report the translation and adaptation process from English to Turkish and the psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability of The Organ Donation Attitude Scale Turkish. Its aim (1) is to provide data about and (2) to assess Turkish people's attitudes and volunteerism towards organ donation. Background Lack of donors is a significant problem for organ transplantation worldwide. Attitudes about organ donation and volunteerism are important factors in the lack of donors. Design To collect survey data from Turkish participants, a cross-sectional design was used: the classical measurement method. Methods The Organ Donation Attitude Scale was translated from English to Turkish and back-translated into English. The analysis included a total of 892 Turkish participants. The validity of the scale was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and criterion-relation validity testing. A test-retest procedure was implemented for the reliability of the scale over time. Results The Organ Donation Attitude Scale consists of three relatively independent components: humanity and moral conviction, fears of medical neglect and fears of bodily mutilation. Internal consistency of these three components resulted in acceptable Cronbach's α levels. Positive correlation occurred between the volunteerism score and positive attitude about organ donation. The correlation between volunteerism score and negative attitude about organ donation was negative. Fears of bodily mutilation were most significantly related to unwillingness to commit to organ donation. The test-retest correlation coefficients proves that the Organ Donation Attitude Scale were reliable over time. Conclusion The Organ Donation Attitude Scale Turkish version is both a reliable and valid instrument that can be useful in measuring positive and negative attitudes of Turkish people about organ donation. Relevance to clinical practice With the Organ Donation Attitude Scale, researchers in Turkey will be able to ascertain important data on volunteerism and attitudes towards organ donation. Thus, positive attitudes towards cadaver organ donations will be able to encourage organ donation in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives. To determine the relationship between cultural sensitivity and perceived stress of nurses working at Kilis State Hospital. Background. As foreigners live in and visit Turkey for various reasons, it is essential to provide culturally appropriate healthcare. Design. Descriptive and cross-sectional design. Methods. This study was implemented at the State Hospital in Kilis on the southeast border of Turkey, between June-July 2014. The study sample consisted of 120 nurses. Data collection tools included a questionnaire about the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of participants, the Chen and Starosta's Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Results. The average score for nurse cultural sensitivity was 84-32 (SD, 11-40) and the average score for perceived stress was 27-97 (SD, 7-32), corresponding to a medium level. We identified negative correlation between cultural sensitivity and perceived stress. Conclusions. Nurses working at Kilis State Hospital have a medium level of cultural sensitivity and perceived stress, and cultural sensitivity tended to be affected by perceived stress. Relevance to clinical practice. This study suggests that training programmes for cultural sensitivity and stress management should be available for nurses. Furthermore, patient care plans should be adapted to consider different cultural backgrounds of patients. These findings should be considered when designing nurses' education and continuing education programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]