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Aims and objectives: To establish an understanding of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China. Background: Healthcare professionals and family carers of people with dementia deliver most of the dementia care in China. However, little research on healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' dementia care perceptions has been conducted in China. Methods: An integrative review was conducted and reported based on the PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Eight English databases were searched without date restriction: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus; and three Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing Weipu and Wanfang, plus a manual search of reference lists. Results: Thirty‐eight primary research papers were included in the review. Three themes were identified from the synthesis: (a) knowledge and competency; (b) attitudes towards dementia care; and (c) carers' burden and unmet needs. Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge ranged from low to moderate levels and attitudes towards dementia care were generally negative. With low levels of knowledge of dementia and negative attitudes including stigma, family carers were under stress with insufficient support, and they expected more support from community nurses. Conclusions: There is an apparent need for a national policy on healthcare professional education and training to improve dementia care practice in China. Such a policy may improve support services for family carers. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses, and particularly community nurses, are well‐positioned to support family carers in China. However, healthcare professionals in China are not prepared for this. Therefore, education and training on dementia care should be integrated into medical and nursing undergraduate programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment, and strategies to reduce stigma are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the lived experiences of family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in China. Design: This study used a descriptive phenomenological research method. Methods: Between May and September 2021, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 family caregivers of people with dementia. Colaizzi's method was used for manual analysis. Results: Qualitative data revealed an overarching experience of finding 'There is always good fortune in misfortune to encourage us in coping with difficulties'. Three themes emerged: family reactions to the COVID‐19 outbreak, feeling supported by multiple resources performing respective functions and resilient adaptation to new situations. Conclusion: During the COVID‐19 outbreak, family caregivers of people living with dementia in China looked for positive aspects among difficulties and experienced corresponding reactions, social support resources and resilient adapted coping styles. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Nurses in China and other countries facing similar pandemic characteristics, cultures or economic development levels, can guide family caregivers to look at family hardships from a positive perspective, develop interventions to rapidly respond to families' reactions after a disaster and help them identify social support resources and form adapted coping styles. Impact: We identified the resilience and the positive experiences of Chinese family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the COVID‐19 outbreak. The results can inform countries with similar cultures and economic levels, offering measures to support their adaptation to pandemics. Reporting Method: This study followed the COREQ guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: Family caregivers of people with dementia who met the inclusion criteria and who were interested in sharing their understanding of their experiences, participated in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care in China. Background: Hospital healthcare professionals deliver most diagnosis and treatment for people with dementia in China. Literature shows that healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes are of great importance in providing optimum dementia care. However, there is limited research of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes within hospital contexts in China. Design: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between April and December 2019. Methods: A self‐report questionnaire composed of demographics and knowledge and attitude scales related to dementia was used for doctors and registered nurses working in settings where people with dementia are cared for in eleven public tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province, China. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study. Results: In total, 603 healthcare professionals completed the study. The majority of respondents were registered nurses (71.3%). The overall mean knowledge score was 20.7 (SD = 2.9) out of a maximum possible score of 30. The overall mean score for attitudes was 91.3 (SD = 15.9) out of a maximum possible score of 140. Standard multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the highest level of education, the experience of searching for dementia‐related information and willingness to receive dementia training or education were significant predictors of knowledge scores. The department, the experience of working with people with dementia, length of dementia care, interest in dementia care and training type were significant predictors of attitude scores. Conclusions: Deficits in the knowledge of dementia and a low level of positive attitude were identified among the healthcare professionals who work in hospital settings where people with dementia are cared for in China. Relevance to clinical practice: Education and training in dementia care should be integrated into undergraduate nursing and medical programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To translate 25‐item Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties amongst Chinese healthcare providers. Background: The prevalence of dementia is increasing in China, but development of relevant training for healthcare providers is still in its infancy stage. A comprehensive, valid and reliable Chinese knowledge‐of‐dementia measure is needed to identify training needs and evaluate the effect of educational interventions. Design: A cross‐sectional survey. Methods: The Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale was translated into Chinese following the modified Brislin's translation model. Content and face validity were established by an expert panel in dementia care and healthcare providers. A convenience sample of 290 healthcare providers in care homes and hospitals was recruited. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity and known groups' comparisons method. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency reliability and 2‐week test–retest reliability. This study used the STROBE checklist for reporting. Results: The content validity index was 0.98. The confirmatory factor analysis model revealed that the four‐factor model was partly supported in the present study. The moderate correlation between Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale and Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale indicated acceptable concurrent validity. The mean score of the scale and subscale scores showed significant differences between health professionals and care assistants, except for the subscale of "Care Considerations." The reliability was demonstrated with Cronbach's alpha of.77 and intra‐class correlation coefficients of each subscale between.74 and.92 among 56 respondents. Conclusions: The Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity but marginal factorial validity and satisfactory reliability amongst Chinese healthcare providers. Therefore, applying the four‐factor structure of Chinese version scale should be considered. Relevance to clinical practice: Chinese version of Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale can be used to understand the training needs of healthcare providers in dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the relationship between personality traits, caring characteristics and abuse tendency among professional caregivers of older people with dementia in long‐term care facilities in China. Background: Elder abuse is a serious global health problem and human right violation with high incidence among older people with dementia. There are many investigations about impact factors of risk of abuse among family caregivers of older people with dementia. However, in long‐term care facilities, the situation of abuse tendency needs further investigation. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Methods: An observational survey was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. We investigated 156 professional caregivers of older people with dementia in three long‐term care facilities in Guangzhou, China. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression analyses. Results: Over half of the participants (51.9%) reported abuse tendency to the older people with dementia. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregivers' agreeableness scores of NEO‐FFI and their CASE scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses highlighted that protective factors of abuse tendency were caregivers' agreeableness, care recipients' source of finances and their duration of dementia while higher care difficulty and presence of older people's behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were the risk factors. Conclusion: Caregivers' agreeableness personality trait and the caring characteristics of older people with dementia may be relevant to abuse tendency in long‐term care facilities. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to validate such a correlation. Relevance to clinical practice: Older people with dementia are at high risk for abuse. Prospective caregivers could pay more attention to developing their own agreeableness. The managers might establish monitoring system for reducing the abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To evaluate caregiver burden and factors that influence this burden among caregivers and patients with Alzheimer's disease in China. Background Long-term care can reduce the quality of life for caregivers and result in both mental and physical exhaustion. However, little is known about caregiver burden and associated factors in China. Design The study had a quantitative cross-sectional design. Methods A total of 309 caregivers and their patients were included in the study. The patients' cognitive, psychological and functional status and their caregivers' burden, sleep quality and mental state were evaluated. Descriptive analyses, single-factor regression and stepwise factor regression were used to determine the effects of various factors on caregiver burden. Results Older females and spouses still play an important role in providing family care for those with dementia. Most of the caregivers were the sole full-time caregiver and had little time for themselves. Sleepiness was a common physical problem for caregivers, and some of them had moderate to severe depression and anxiety. A lower functional status of the patient was associated with higher caregiver burden. Poorer physical status compared with before caregiving began, lower life satisfaction, and higher degrees of depression and anxiety were associated with higher caregiver burden. Conclusion Depression, anxiety and sleep problems are the main challenges that are faced by family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Caregivers' functional status, lower life satisfaction, depression and anxiety influenced caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was related to the severity of the patient's dementia and the personal factors of the caregivers. Relevance to clinical practice To provide information about caregivers' current status while caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease and to understand caregiver burden and its related factors. Professionals who work with Alzheimer's disease should pay more attention to caregiver burden, especially those with mental and physical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. To translate the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale (EdFED) into simplified Chinese and to comprehensively evaluate its reliability and validity. Background. The EdFED, the only validated instrument at present for assessing feeding difficulty in older people with dementia, is available in the original English and traditional Chinese versions, but not available in simplified Chinese. The traditional Chinese version may not be applicable in Mainland China because of linguistic and cultural differences. Design. Survey. Methods. The scale was translated into simplified Chinese by the cross-culture translation method, and 102 participants with dementia were assessed. Data were collected by comprehensive methods and analysed by correlation, Mokken scaling and exploratory factor analysis. Results. Reliability and validity were demonstrated for the scale, and a strong and reliable Mokken scale was formed by six items. A three-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis, and construct validity was further demonstrated by good convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions. The simplified Chinese version shows good reliability and validity and can be applicable to measure feeding difficulty in people with dementia in Mainland China and other Chinese cultural groups. More work is required on Mokken scaling, and a confirmatory factor analysis is needed to confirm the three-factor structure. Relevance to clinical practice. The validation of Ch-EdFED has provided a validated instrument for measuring feeding difficulty in people with dementia in Chinese culture; thus, early recognition of feeding difficulty in older people with dementia can be achieved and proper interventions could be designed. Moreover, with the availability of the three different validated versions of the EdFED, research into cross-cultural comparisons could be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To determine the current status of dementia patient's quality of life and compare influencing factors in China and Japan to inform nursing care and potentially improve the patient's quality of life. Background The prevalence of dementia is increasing related to lack of a cure, thus prompting some researchers and clinicians to focus on patient's quality of life. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods A convenience sample of 200 mild-to-moderate dementia patients was obtained in Jinan city and 205 ones in Wakayama city. Then, we measured patient's quality of life and analysed the relation between general demographic information, cognitive function, activities of living, behavioural and psychological symptoms, and the patient's quality of life. Results The total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was 89·82 ± 15·11; multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors of quality of life were marital, economics, characteristics, activities of living, hypertension and irritability. And the total score in Wakayama city was 118·30 ± 14·56; the influencing factors were education, body mass index, activities of living and depression. Conclusions The total score of Dementia Quality of Life in Jinan city was significantly lower than Wakayama city. The same influencing factor between these two cities was activities of living. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses could implement interventions to focus on many of the patient's influencing factors, so that to improve their mental and physical health, which may slow the disease process and further improve the patient's quality of life. In addition, Chinese government could learn some experience from Japanese government, such as perfect the system of nursing insurance for elderly and introduce professional geriatric nursing talents to provide better service for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]