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To investigate the association between abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) assessed by plain radiograph of the lateral abdomen and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), a total of 2090 pre-dialysis CKD patients from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) were categorized by AACS into 0, 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, and ≥7. The primary outcome of the study was the composite CV events, defined as a composite of non-fatal CV events and all-cause death. The risk of composite CV events was significantly higher in the subjects with AACS ≥ 7 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.888, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.219 to 2.923), compared to that of the subjects with AACS 0. The risks of fatal and non-fatal CV events (adjusted HR 1.052, 95% CI 1.030 to 1.073) and all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.949, 95% CI 1.073 to 3.539) were also significantly higher in the subjects with AACS ≥ 7. In conclusion, AACS assessed by plain radiograph is independently associated with adverse CV outcomes in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. A simple radiographic examination of the lateral abdomen may help CV risk stratification in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a biomarker for cardiovascular complications that are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). To investigate the association between circulating OPG level with long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with pre-dialysis CKD, a total of 1855 subjects with CKD from stage 1 to pre-dialysis stage 5 from a prospective cohort were analyzed. Long-term visit-to-visit BPV was determined by average real variability (ARV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CoV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). ARV of SBP (Adjusted β coefficient 0.143, 95% confidence interval 0.021 to 0.264) was significantly associated with serum OPG level. Although SD and CoV of SBP were not significantly associated with serum OPG level in multivariate linear regression analyses, restricted cubic spline visualized the linear correlation of serum OPG level with all of ARV, SD, and CoV. The association between serum OPG level and DBP variability was not significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of serum OPG with BPV is more prominent in the subjects with Charlson comorbidity index ≤3 and in the subjects without history of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, circulating OPG level is potentially associated with long-term visit-to-visit BPV in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a biomarker for cardiovascular complications that are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). To investigate the association between circulating OPG level with long-term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with pre-dialysis CKD, a total of 1855 subjects with CKD from stage 1 to pre-dialysis stage 5 from a prospective cohort were analyzed. Long-term visit-to-visit BPV was determined by average real variability (ARV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CoV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). ARV of SBP (Adjusted β coefficient 0.143, 95% confidence interval 0.021 to 0.264) was significantly associated with serum OPG level. Although SD and CoV of SBP were not significantly associated with serum OPG level in multivariate linear regression analyses, restricted cubic spline visualized the linear correlation of serum OPG level with all of ARV, SD, and CoV. The association between serum OPG level and DBP variability was not significant. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of serum OPG with BPV is more prominent in the subjects with Charlson comorbidity index ≤3 and in the subjects without history of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, circulating OPG level is potentially associated with long-term visit-to-visit BPV in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.