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The main objective of this study was to determine baseline salt intake levels in a sample of the adult population of Shandong province and to establish the relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure. A total of 512 participants were recruited, and all the participants provided complete 24-hour urine collections. Physical assessment and socioeconomic status of participants were collected at the same time. The mean 24-hour urinary sodium excretion of all subjects was 228.0 ± 127.5 mmol/24 hours. Estimated salt intake was higher in obese subjects (17.6 ± 8.8 g/d) compared with overweight subjects (15.6 ± 8.0 g/d) and those with a normal BMI (13.9 ± 6.8 g/d). Likewise, urinary sodium excretion of hypertensive participants was dramatically higher than that of non-hypertensive ones, the equivalent of 18.2 ± 9.1 g/d vs 13.3 ± 6.8 g/d. Urinary sodium was significantly associated with SBP (β = 1.08, P = .018) after adjustment for potential confounders. In summary, we found significantly high levels of salt intake in Shandong Province, particularly in obese and hypertension subjects. It is quite important to improve public education about reducing salt intake to control blood pressure among Shandong people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to explore whether the renin C-5312T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C, and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphisms were associated with ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and central hemodynamics in an untreated hypertensive population. A total of 471 participants with no previous treatment for raised BP were eligible for the study. Ambulatory and central BP were measured. DD carriers had the highest daytime systolic/diastolic BP, nighttime systolic BP, 24-hour systolic BP, and 24-hour diastolic BP values, whereas carriers of DD had higher central systolic BP and augmentation index compared with those with the II genotype. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that DD genotype was independently associated with 24-hour systolic BP, 24-hour diastolic BP, central systolic BP, and central augmentation index. There was an independent association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism with central and ambulatory BP in Chinese patients with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]