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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease which progresses slowly, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. A total of 29 papers reporting the risk factors for PBC from different perspectives were obtained through Google Scholar search and screening, consisting of 19 reviews and 10 reports of investigational studies. By summarizing the objects and methods in 10 investigational studies and the conclusions of all the 29 papers, the induction mechanism of risk factors for PBC is clarified, and the control strategy for PBC is put forward. Since the literature included was studies on foreign populations conducted by foreign scholars, the applicability of these findings in China should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can not only obtain various parameters, but also provide diffusion and perfusion information without contrast agents. IVIM-DWI could make up for the deficiency of traditional DWI and contrast enhancement Methods . This paper introduces the basic principle of IVIM-DWI and its research progress and clinical significance in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options for liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, primary liver cancer, and focal liver lesions. This paper also summarizes the challenges confronting the clinical application of IVIM technology, including the determination of b-values, selection of mathematical models, and limitation from working platform conditions. The analyses demonstrate that the IVIM technology has been more and more widely used in clinical practice and scientific research. With continuous improvement in equipment conditions and further solution of technical problems, the IVIM technology will make a greater contribution to the assessment of liver diseases in an accurate, fast, and noninvasive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal liver function is biochemical and pathological changes in the liver caused by damages from pathogens, which can be found in viral hepatitis, fatty liver, alcoholic liver diseases, autoimmune liver diseases, and some non - liver diseases. Due to the diversity in etiology, it is difficult to make a diagnosis for a few cases. This paper summarizes the changes in biochemical indices of the liver due to various liver diseases, and the value of a combination of diiferent indices in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases. This paper concludes that biochemical examination of the liver not only provides hints for the etiological diagnosis of abnormal liver function, but also evaluates the severity of the disease. Moreover, the etiological diagnosis of abnormal liver function also depends on the collection of a detailed history of disease physical examination, serology, imaging, and liver biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive, quantitative, fast, and reliable novel tool for the assessment of fatty liver disease (FLD), and it has been a hotspot in the noninvasive diagnosis of FLD. This paper introduces factors associated with CAP assessing FLD, the cut - off value for the diagnosis of liver steatosis, and the causes of the failure of CAP measurement and unreliable CAP measurement. The paper believes that even though the noninvasive and quantitative diagnosis of FLD by CAP has been confirmed by many studies, most of the results were obtained with a limited sample size. Therefore, the factors associated with the cut - off value for CAP diagnosing liver steatosis and factors influencing the measurement results stiil need validation with larger samples and multi - centered research reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for chronic hepatitis C. This paper reviews the progress in antiviral treatment over recent years, including the combination therapy with polyethylene glycol - Interferon (PEG - IFN) and ribavirin (RBV), specific target therapy, and gene therapy. T e paper believes that the anti - hepatitis C virus treatment needs more effective drug combination therapies, shorter courses, less side effect, higher drug resistance threshold, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection is a frequent complication of cirrhosis, which often occurs in the lungs, chest, abdomen, biliary tract, urinary tract, soft tissue, and skin, and occasionally causes spontaneous bacteremia in patients. This paper reviews the risk factors and common types of infection in cirrhosis associated with infection, and the early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment of different types of infection. Moreover, this paper points out that cirrhosis associated with infection is a key factor for disease progression and the early diagnosis and treatment are essential for successful treatment. The third - generation cephalosporins are the first - line antibiotic agents. Drug - resistant bacteria should be treated with antibiotic compound containing β - lactamase inhibitors or carbapenems. Methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus should be treated with glycopeptide antibiotics or combination therapies. Pulmonary mycoses are mainly treated with caspofungin or voriconazole. Antibiotics combined with supportive therapies including the administration of albumin can improve the treatment outcome and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians' understanding of liver failure including its TCM causes, mechanisms, positions, and syndrome differentiation in various dynasties. The results suggest that modern researchers agree with ancient physicians on these aspects of liver failure. Based on achievements of ancient TCM physicians, modern researchers have further developed and improved theii understanding of TCM causes, mechanisms, positions, and syndrome diferentiation of liver failure. Moreover, this paper discusses the treatment of chronic liver failure with yang - supporting therapy, which provides a novel perspective and method for treating chronic liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cholestatic hepatopathy is one of the most common diseases in infants including the newborn and it is one of the most significant reasons for infantile death and disability. There are a large number of causes and a large variance in prognosis of this disease. This paper introduces approaches to the diagnosis of biliary atresia and cholestatic hepatopathy and presents a synopsis of therapies for cholestatic hepatopathy in infants nowadays. This paper points out that in future, cooperation across disciplines should be enhanced; new technologies should be developed; academic communication should be held regularly; the early diagnosis and personalized medication of cholestatic hepatopathy in infants should be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis and timely treatment of hepatic steatosis is very important for controlling the development and improving the prognosis of disease. This paper introduces the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), a novel non - invasive method to quantitatively assess hepatic steatosis. This paper briefly describes the advantages of CAP compared with other methods for detecting hepatic steatosis : CAP is simple, fast, repeatable, and generally accepted by patients. CAP is of great value for early detection of fatty liver. Moreover, this paper reviews the optimal cut - off values of CAP for detection of fatty liver in different studies. CAP can be used to dynamically monitor the progression and regression of fatty liver as a guide to clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is the first liver disease which has proved responsive to glucocorticoids, and the standard therapeutic; method is hormone combined with azathioprine. Given that some patients fail to reach the standard of immunosuppressive therapy, and the long - term use of immunosuppressive therapy has many adverse effects, it is necessary to reasonably use anti - inflammatory and liver - protecting drugs to minimize the dose of immunosuppressants, control liver inflammation, reduce the damage of liver cells, and delay the progression of the disease. This paper reviews the advances in the application of anti - inflammatory and liver - protecting drugs in the treatment of AIH, in order to help clinicians make rational decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and mainly manifests as a rapidly elevated serum creatinine level, a reduced glomerular filtration rate, and oliguria or anuria. Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome ( HRS - 1 ) is a special type of AKI, and patients with untreated HRS - 1 have an extremely high risk of death. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. This paper summarizes the latest diagnostic criteria for hepatorenal syndrome ( HRS) type of AKI and research advances in the treatment of HRS - 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are derived from the mesoderm, and exhibit multipotential differentiation. MSC can alleviate liver fibrosis and improve liver function through paracrine cytokines and cell-cell interactions, but their therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. MSC are derived from various tissues, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, and adipose tissue. However, there are different advances in MSC with various sources in experimental studies and clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes the possible therapeutic mechanisms of MSC in alleviating liver fibrosis, as well as the advances in experimental studies and clinical application of MSC with various sources. MSC transplantation is a new therapeutic method for liver fibrosis and has a broad application prospect in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]