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With the continuous improvement of liver transplantation techniques and the innovation of related disciplines, great changes have been observed in the etiology and clinical outcome of middle- and long-term complications after liver transplantation, and thus related prevention and treatment strategies are worthy of exploration and adjustment. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the prevention and treatment of post-transplantation complications including the recurrence of hepatitis, but standardized diagnosis and treatment should be strengthened in order to maximize the benefits of recipients. So far, the prevention and treatment of middle- and long-term complications with unknown pathogenesis and complicated causes after liver transplantation still rely on the long-term monitoring, prevention, and control of related risk factors. The main tasks of long-term management of liver transplantation recipients is to maintain the function of transplanted liver, control the recurrence of primary diseases, prevent and treat the new-onset diseases, and continue to treat the concomitant diseases before surgery. This article elaborates on the tasks and strategies for the prevention and treatment of middle- and long-term complications after liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]