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Introduction: Breast cancer and its treatment have notable adverse effects on patients’ body image, which could result in disability and psychological distress. Therefore, the present study investigated the association of anxiety, depression, and body image disorder with pain-related disability in post-mastectomy female breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 post-mastectomy female breast cancer patients referred to two hospitals in Tehran, in 2015. Demographic data were collected, and all subjects completed questionnaires for patients with cancer, pain disability index and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Validity and reliability of all questionnaires used in the study had been verified previously.Results: There were significant inverse correlations between depression and body image (r=-0.24, P

Introduction: Mental and physical state of mothers during pregnancy affects the development of fetus. This study aimed to investigate the role of neonates’ gender in pain responses and its association with maternal stress during pregnancy and programming. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 105 neonates (53 females and 52 males) born in hospitals of Gorgan, Northern Iran. The pain stimulus was intramuscular injection of vitamin K, a routine procedure performed for infants at birth. The first injection was done for all subjects under the same conditions. The neonatal infant pain scale was used for assessment of pain intensity in newborns. Maternal stress during pregnancy was assessed by measuring hair cortisol levels. Data analysis was done using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean pain intensity score before, during and after the injection between male and female newborns. During the injection, the mean pain score of male neonates whose mothers had higher cortisol levels was significantly higher than male neonates whose mothers had normal cortisol levels (P-value=0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between cortisol level and pain intensity score of newborns. Conclusions: Our results show that the mean pain score during the injection is significantly higher in male neonates whose mothers have higher cortisol levels. There is no significant relationship between cortisol level and pain intensity score of newborns

Introduction:Mental health refers to emotional and psychological well-being, impairment of which may adversely affect an individual's cognitive or social functioning, making it harder to cope with the demands of daily life. According to the biopsychosocial paradigm and, common psychological symptoms, such as low mood, importantly influence the occurrence and prognosis of musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study is to survey of association musculoskeletal pain with Psychosocial and work-related factors among office staff in Gorgan. Methods and Material: This descriptive and analytical study was performed among office workers in Gorgan in 2016. By cluster sampling method 675 office staff was included to be interviewed from the 18 occupational sectors. Data were collected on individual factors, negative affectivity, workplace factor, work station and task demand, psychosocial risk factors, work environment and experience of pain during the past 12 months. With Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E, Self-Administered Physical Activity Survey and the standardized Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression in spss version 16.Results:Among all participants, 17.3 % reported neck pain, and it was 8.4 % and 20% for shoulder and low back pain, respectively. Moreover, 6.4% of these patients had pain in more than one body area. Factors including adjusted back rest on chair, work with bent head, hours worked per week and also supervisor support and sex were significant for the neck pain (p < 0.001). Factors consist of staring at the screen, forearm parallel to the floor while working, Sitting at work station before taking a break, sitting in awkward postures during the work, sex, age group and negative affectivity remained significant for low back pain. Conclusion: Excessive use of the computer system combined with a poorly designed workstation, repetitive computer work, lack of rest time at work, the role of individual factors such as age, sex, and lack of awareness of the dangers of environmental and psychosocial factors in workplace formed risk factors that are associated with musculoskeletal disorders, then, it is basically necessary to identify mentioned factors to solve and improve disorders.