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Introduction: The post-menopausal phase is characterized by a decline in the serum oestrogen and progesterone levels. This phase is also associated with higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy. Aim: To explore the relationship between the peripheral motor nerve status and serum oestrogen and progesterone levels through assessment of Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV) in post-menopausal women with peripheral neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College during 2011-2013. The study included 30 post-menopausal women with peripheral neuropathy (age: 51.4 ± 7.9) and 30 post-menopausal women without peripheral neuropathy (control) (age: 52.5 ± 4.9). They were compared for MNCV in median, ulnar and common peroneal nerves and serum levels of oestrogen and progesterone estimated through enzyme immunoassays. To study the relationship between hormone levels and MNCV, a stepwise linear regression analysis was done. Results: The post-menopausal women with peripheral neuropathy had significantly lower MNCV and serum oestrogen and progesterone levels as compared to control subjects. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed oestrogen with main effect on MNCV. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that while the post-menopausal age group is at a greater risk of peripheral neuropathy, it is the decline in the serum estrogen levels which is critical in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case report highlights the histopathological features of a small nasolabial tumour in a 22-year-old female. The tumour was adequately excised. It consisted of proliferated Mononuclear Spindle (MNS) cells admixed with numerous giant cells. Tumour was located in superficial subcutaneous tissue. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination showed strong positivity of giant cells for anti-CD68+ antibody, suggesting their origin from Monocyte-macrophage (MØ) cells. Both MNS cells and giant cells showed strong positive staining with anti-vimentin antibody. In addition, MNS cells did not show nuclear atypia and mitoses. It was finally diagnosed as a Giant Cell Tumour of Soft Tissue (GCT-ST). It is a highly cellular neoplasm. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) expression by MNS cells stimulates osteoclast formation, resorption and osteolysis associated with this tumour. A benign course is expected after complete excision of this tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report is to comprehensively review N2O/ O2 inhalational sedation in the context of conscious sedation for treating a nine-year- old patient with pyogenic granuloma. The excision was carried out by the use of diode laser. The six month postoperative follow up showed complete resolution of the lesion and increased patient acceptance for the future treatment. The use of laser minimizes the pain during the surgery and postoperatively and suturing was not required. Therefore this case report emphasizes the use of combined treatment modalities to increase patient comfort and to obtain a better function and aesthetics of the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]