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Vineyards are usually cultivated in soils characterised by low soil organic carbon (SOC) content and have high risks of soil erosion and degradation. Increasing SOC stocks in these cropping systems has the potential to contribute to climate change mitigation through SOC sequestration and to enhance soil quality. We conducted a meta-analysis and compared the SOC stock response ratio, the SOC stock rate of change, and the SOC sequestration rate in vineyards under different SOC sequestration (SCS) practices relative to conventional management. SCS practices included organic amendments (OA), biochar amendments (BC), returning pruning residues to the soil (PR), no-tillage (NT), cover cropping (CC), and several combinations of these practices. The average SOC sequestration rate of SCS management was 7.53 Mg CO 2 -eq. ha−1 yr−1 to a 30-cm soil depth. The highest SOC sequestration rate (11.06 Mg CO 2 -eq. ha−1 yr−1) was achieved under a combination of OA+NT and the lowest (2.82 Mg CO 2 -eq. ha−1 yr−1) was observed under PR treatments. Field experiments performed in particularly hot and dry bioclimatic zones were associated with lower SOC sequestration rates relative to those performed in more temperate areas. The high SOC sequestration rates obtained for many SCS practices, and the large land area dedicated to viticulture worldwide (7.45 Mha), imply that the adoption of SCS practices in vineyards can contribute to the global efforts to offset atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations via SOC sequestration to mitigate climate change. • Effects of soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices were assessed in vineyards using a meta-analysis. • All SCS practices led to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in viticultural soils. • The average SOC sequestration rate was 7.53 Mg CO 2 -eq. ha−1 yr−1. • The impact of SCS management on SOC stocks was climate-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]