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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in inflammation, has an effect on a wide variety of cells, and often leads to tissue destruction. While the ratio between IL-1 and IL-1Ra could influence the development of different diseases of the central nervous system, its gene polymorphisms were investigated in a group of patients with febrile seizures. Ninety patients with febrile seizures were enrolled and compared with 140 controls. The allele and genotype frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IL-1α, β, IL-1 R and IL-1Ra gene were determined. The frequency of the IL-1Ra/C allele at position Mspa-I 11100 was decreased significantly (P= .002) and the IL-1Ra/T frequency was significantly increased in patients (P= .002). In addition, the CT genotype frequency at the same position was significantly overrepresented in controls compared to patients (P= .001). Certain alleles and genotypes in the IL-1 gene were overrepresented in patients with febrile seizures, which possibly could predispose individuals to this disease., (© The Author(s) 2015.)

As of importance of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the IL4 gene polymorphisms were investigated in patients with febrile seizure. This association has not been investigated yet, except 1 study which has been done in Japanese population. Eighty-two patients with febrile seizure were enrolled in this study, compared with 139 controls. The allele and genotype frequency of 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IL4 gene were determined. Frequency of the IL4-590/C allele in the patient group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < .0001). Frequency of the following genotypes was significantly lower in patients compared to controls: IL-4 (-590) TC (P = .0001) and IL-4 (-33) TC (P = .001). The most frequent IL-4 haplotype in the patient group was TCC (P = .00) haplotype. In contrast, frequencies of GCC (P = .01), TTT (P = .009), and TTC (P = .0007) haplotypes were significantly lower in febrile seizure patients. Certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in the IL4 gene were overrepresented in Iranian patients with febrile seizure, which could predispose individuals to this disease, and further investigations in other ethnicities are required., (© The Author(s) 2014.)