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Different types of corroles and porphyrins are synthesized from substituted aldehydes and pyrrole. The current synthetic method involves iodine as catalyst and proceeds at room temperature itself. By varying the amounts of reactants (i.e., pyrrole and aldehydes), the corrole and porphyrins were obtained in good to excellent yields. These products were characterized by 1H-NMR, UV-visible, and HRMS techniques. The reaction approach utilizes the readily available pyrrole and substituted aldehydes as starting materials and makes this reaction highly attractive in diversity-oriented synthesis. Different types of porphyrins and corroles are synthesized from substituted aldehydes and pyrrole using iodine as a catalyst and the reaction proceeds at room temperature itself. By varying the amount of reactants (i.e. pyrrole and aldehydes), the porphyrins and corroles are obtained in good to excellent yields.

Tetramerization of substituted maleonitriles in task specific 2-hydroxylethyl based imidazolium ionic liquids at 120∘C gave corresponding electron rich peripheral substituted thioporphyrazines in moderate yield. The 2-hydroxylethyl imidazolium ionic liquids gave better yields of peripheral substituted thioporphyrazines in comparison with non-hydroxyl functionalized ionic liquids. Further, these peripherally functionalized porphyrazines containing sulphur are used to investigate spectroscopically the binding studies with palladium(II) and mercury(II) ions. These metal ions are toxic in nature and deserve serious attention in the area of design of effective separation and efficient micro-sensing techniques. The UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence signalling are mainly used to study peripheral binding of transition metal ions.

Water soluble iron(III) porphyrins immobilized in imidazolium ionic liquids serve as an effective catalyst for the H2O2 mediated oxidation of guanidoximes to selectively give corresponding cyanamides in good yields. The use of ionic liquid with non-coordinating counter anion PF6 affords the product in high yield by facilitating the formation of anionic iron peroxo intermediate.

A newer synthesis of sulfonic acid functionalized graphenes have been developed, which have been characterized, examined as heterogeneous solid acid carbocatalyst in the synthesis of selected expanded porphyrins in different reaction conditions. This environment-friendly catalyst avoids the use of toxic catalysts and enhances the yields of porphyrinoids. The non-covalent interaction of porphyrinoids has also been studied with exfoliated graphene solution in organic solvents by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy.