1. Estradiol decreases xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme activity and protein expression innon-tumorigenicand malignant human mammary epithelial cells
- Author
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Giuseppe Carruba, Gennaro Taibi, Vitale Miceli, Concetta M.A. Nicotra, Letizia Cocciadiferro, Taibi, G, Carruba, G, Miceli, V, Cocciadiferro, L, and Nicotra, C
- Subjects
Cell ,Retinoic acid ,Tretinoin ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica ,RETINOIC ACID ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Mammary Glands, Human ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Xanthine oxidase ,XANTHINE OXIDASE ,ESTRADIOL ,Molecular Biology ,Retinol ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Enzyme assay ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Retinoic acid receptor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Xanthine dehydrogenase ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE - Abstract
The retinoic acid deficiency in breast tumour epithelial cells has been ascribed to an insufficient expression of either the enzyme(s) involved in its biosynthesis or the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) or both. In an attempt to define the mechanisms underpinning retinoic acid deficiency in these cell model systems, we have investigated the potential regulatory effect of oestrogen (17β-estradiol) on one key player in retinoic acid biosynthesis, the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). This enzyme is consistently expressed and very active in non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC), as opposed to tumour MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cells. In these latter two cell lines, as opposed to HMEC cells, we observe a residual ability of XDH to produce retinoic acid from retinaldehyde and the inability to use retinol, as a consequence of a deficit in CRBP. In addition, estradiol treatment of MDA-MB231 and MCF7 cells decreases protein expression and activity of the enzyme, with no modification of the mRNA transcript levels, eventually leading to deteriorate further retinoic acid production. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 688–692, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2009
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