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The Orthopaedic In-Training Exam (OITE) is administered annually to orthopedic surgery residents to assess their medical knowledge. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the orthopedic oncology portion of the exam in order to aid residents in preparation for future in-training and licensing examinations as well as to help guide oncology residency education curriculum. All of the orthopedic oncology questions on the OITE from 2007 to 2019 were reviewed. Analysis included (1) the number of oncology questions each year, (2) question topic, (3) question taxonomy (knowledge versus interpretation), (4) the type of imaging modalities (radiological, histological), (5) most commonly cited references, and (6) level of evidence. Descriptive statistics were utilized to compare means between variables. From 2007 to 2019, there was a total of 292 tumor-related questions with a mean of 22.5 tumor-related questions (range 19-28) per year. Of the questions, 54.8% pertained to malignant tumors and 45.2% to benign tumors. Assessment of question taxonomy showed that 79.8% of questions required interpretation of imaging and analysis of the information provided versus 20.2% of questions being knowledge recall type. Of the questions, 76.7% required interpretation of radiological images, pathological images, or both. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery were the three most commonly cited question sources. Only 29 (9.84%) oncology questions over the past 13 years have been supported by level I or II sources of evidence. Better understanding of the OITE make-up, question distribution, and number and style of question, reference sources can improve an orthopedic residents' performance as well as better guide educational curriculum to prepare residents in their orthopedic oncology education.