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We report a case of cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with endobronchial nodules caused by in an 80-year-old immunocompetent man. Chest computed tomography showed cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and flexible bronchoscopy revealed endobronchial nodules in the right main bronchus. Needle aspiration material from the cervical lymph nodes was positive for acid-fast bacilli. Polymerase chain reaction detected in sputum and lymph node aspirates. The lesions were improved by an complex-specific therapeutic regimen. This is the first case report of an endobronchial lesion with mediastinal lymphadenopathy caused by in an immunocompetent adult. It is rare, however, and should be noted that causes lymphadenopathy in an immunocompetent adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first bronchoscopic report of granulomatous bronchitis caused by Mycobacterium avium in an immunocompetent patient. A 56-year-old woman, who had previously been healthy and immunocompetent, developed hemoptysis. Her chest x-ray film revealed bronchiectasis and small nodules in the left lung. Multiple mucosal granules were discovered in the lingular bronchus on flexible bronchoscopy. Biopsy of the bronchial mucosa exhibited nonnecrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas, and M. avium was demonstrated in these granulomas by DNA analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among typical carcinoid tumors of the lung, a lesion with a larger extrabronchial than intrabronchial component is termed an iceberg tumor. These tumors are considered to develop as a result of the progression of a carcinoid lesion arising from a central bronchus that increases in size over time. We present a patient in whom serial computed tomography findings suggested the development of an iceberg tumor from a peripheral carcinoid. Care should be paid with respect to bronchoscopic diagnosis in patients who have bronchial carcinoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: A 34-year-old woman visited our clinic with a dry cough and exertional dyspnea. Chest HRCT showed diffuse centrilobular nodules in the bilateral lung fields. Bronchoscopy showed glossy, uneven polypoid lesions with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm located at the right B1/B2, right B3a/B3b, and right middle/lower lobe bifurcations. Histologic examination revealed that these were inflammatory bronchial polyps characterized by lymphocyte infiltration with lymphoid follicle formation. She kept five parakeets in her room. Since she was positive for the exposure challenge test and precipitating antibodies, she was diagnosed as having hypersensitivity pneumonitis (bird fanciers' lung). Because hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) has not been reported to cause bronchial polyps, the present patient is a rare case of HP associated with central airway lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patient is a 74-year-old man who had been showing worsening symptoms of the cough and sputum of which he had complained for years. He had smoked 20 cigarettes a day for more than 50 years. Because his chest roentgenogram revealed right middle lobe atelectasis, bronchoscopy was performed. Four tracheal diverticula were detected on the right membranous-cartilaginous portion of the subglottic trachea, with an additional 10 bronchial diverticula on the left main bronchus, and several diverticula on other sites of the bronchi. A large amount of purulent discharge was found in the entire visible area of the tracheobronchial lumen. Bronchial toilet ameliorated atelectasis. The case presented characteristics of acquired airway pulsion diverticula, and tracheal diverticula were detectable by chest roentgenogram. An underlying disease of chronic bronchitis may have contributed to the formation of airway diverticula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 44-year-old woman was admitted with a chest radiograph revealing a 3-cm smooth nodule during a regular health check. The doubling time of the lesion was calculated as 80 days. Bronchial brushings obtained under fluoroscopic guidance revealed spindle-shaped cells surrounded by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate on cytologic examination. These cytologic findings strongly suggested inflammatory pseudotumor, and this was confirmed by a surgical resection. Clusters of spindle-shaped cells surrounded by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate are indicative of the diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor when bronchial brushing cytology is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]