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Background and Aim: Aloe Vera gel, with strong antioxidant properties, is used in the treatment of many renal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera gel (JA) on urea, uric acid and creatinine levels of serum, and tissue structure of kidneys of rats diagnosed with MS through Ethidium Bromide (EB). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 48 female rats, which were divided into 6 groups of 8 samples, including control, sham (intraventricular treatment with saline), experimental treated with 14 μl of EB solution to the lateral ventricles with normal saline as a Gavage and receivers of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/ kg alcoholic extracts )JA(, as gavage with EB intraventricular meditation. In this study, prescriptions were taken for 35 days. In the end, after blood sampling from animal’s heart, some amount of urea, uric acid, and creatinine are extracted, and with providing different cross- sections, the tissue structure of their kidneys was studied based on histologic measurements. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 20) using ANOVA and Duncan tests at the level of P

Background and Aim: The metabolism of many drugs and toxins is done in the liver and active metabolites are created during the metabolism of these substances which many of them cause liver toxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on liver toxicity induced by Thioacetamide in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48mature female rats were divided into 6 groups including control, sham and 4 experimental groups receiving Thioacetamide (50mg/kg), Thioacetamide plus curcumin30 and 120, 60 mg/kg. In this study, Thioacetamide and curcumin were administered as intraperitoneally in 21 consecutive days. At the end, the activity of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and were measured and liver structure of the animals was investigated. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests at a significant level of p≤0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide significantly increased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes at the level of p≤0.05 compared to the control group and increased the lymphocyte invasion around the portal of the triad and tissue degradation of the liver. However, curcumin in different doses significantly reduced the activity of these enzymes and improved the liver tissue structure at the level of p≤0.05 compared to the group receiving Thioacetamide. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide may increase the activity of transaminases and damage the liver tissue structure by producing oxidative stress, while the use of curcumin with thioacetamide simultaneously probably reduces the activity of transaminases and improves tissue structure due to the antioxidant properties of curcumin.

Background and Aim: Hop with, scientific name of Humulus Lupulus, has got estrogenic, sedative, hypnotic, and antiseptic properties in the treatment of certain diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of the herb on pituitary–thyroid hormones in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 45 adult male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 equal groups including control (no treatment), control (saline) and three experimental groups receiving doses of the hop flower extract 50,100, and 150mg/kg gavage for 10 days, respectively. At the end of the tenth day .,blood samples were derived from the rats’ hearts and their blood hormone concentrations of Thyrotropin (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Thyrotropin (THS) were measured by means of gamma counter . The obtained data was analysed employing SPSS software (V: 18) using Anova and Tukey. Statistical tests at the significant level P≤0.05. Results: It was found that the experimental groups receiving doses of 150 and 100 mg/kg, their serum hormone levels of T3, T4 and TSH levels significantly reduced (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the ethanol extract of hop flowers with a flavonoid phytoestrogens reduce T4, T3 and TSH hormones.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is one of the diseases resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. Pomegranate juice is a nutrient used in the treatment of some diseases in traditional medicine. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of pomegranate juice on blood glucose and insulin levels in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: The present study was an empirical one in which 90 adult male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 220 g each, were randomly divided into five groups of control, sham, experimental (diabetic and non –diabetic) 1, 2 and 3. The control group (n=9) and the sham (n=9) received only distilled water, but the diabetic and non-diabetic groups 1, 2 and 3 received 1, 2 and 4cc of pomegranate juice for 21days through gavage. As for diabetic rats, diabetes was induced through intraperitioneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin into each. In the experimental groups, the animals were each treated to a singl dose of pomegranate juice every day for 21days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were taken from the experimental and control groups and their serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (v: 18) using ANOVA and LSD softwares. Results: It was found that minimum, average or maximum dose of pomegranate juice caused a significant reduction in their glycemia at the levels of P=0.05, P=0.005 and P=0.0005, respectively but it increased insulin at the levels P=0.023, P=0.015, and P=0.002, respectively in the diabetic group compared to the control group. However, it had no significant effect on the non-diabetic rats. Conclusion: Pomegranate, due to having antioxidant compounds such as polyphenolic compounds, increases insulin and thus, decreases blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group.

Background and Aim: Valsartan as a receptor antagonist angiotensin-II (AngII) is used to treat blood pressure disorders and affects various tissues of the body. Thus,the present study was performed to investigate the effect of Valsartan on the axis of the pituitary-gonadal axis in mature female rats. Materials and Methods: In this research, 40 mature female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 member groups including control, sham and experimental groups. Initially, all the animals were homogenized through intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate and progesterone. Then the animals of sham group daily received 1 ml of olive oil (solvent) and the experimental groups were gavaged daily doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/ Kg Wt , of Valsartan The control group members were not Administered anything. All drugs were administered for 21 days and at the end of the period, through deriving blood from the heart of animals the required serum was prepared by means of relevant hormonal kits to measure the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone. The obtained data was evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey tests ,and P< 0/05 was taken as the significant level. Results: Statistical results analysis showed that Valsartan caused a significant reduction in hormones of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone. Conclusion: Valsartan , as a receptor antagonist of Ang II inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin hormones and accelerates their effect on blocking the follicular cells of the female sex ,causing the reduction of female hormones.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion or function. Walnut is a nutrient used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study, anti-diabetic effects of the Hydroalcoholic extract of walnut male flowers on diabetogenized rats by using Streptozocin were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Seventy two adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-225 g each were randomly selected and divided into three main groups, i.e. control, diabetic, and non-diabetic(intact) The control group included 8 rats (n=8). The diabetic and non-diabetic groups covered 32 rats each. Each of these groups were divided into four 8 rats including the control, diabetic, experimental 1, 2, and 3 which received 2, 4, or 6 g/kg of the extract per day for 15 days ,respectively. The three diabetic groups were each treated with the above doses of the extract, and the fourth group received no treatment. Diabetes was induced in diabetic rats through intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of Streptozotocin. At the end, blood samples were taken from the experimental and control groups and the serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured. Results: A significant reduction in blood sugar and increase of insulin in diabetics receiving Hydroalcoholic extract of male flowers walnut was observed compared with non-diabetic ones. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of male Walnut flowers, due to increasing insulin, causes reduction of blood sugar.