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Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells that mainly affects the white blood cells. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sudden growth of cancerous cells occurs in blood and bone marrow, and it disrupts normal blood cell production. Most patients are asymptomatic, but it spreads rapidly and can become fatal if left untreated. AML is the prevalent form of leukemia in children. Risk factors of AML include chemical exposure, radiation, genetics, etc. Conventional diagnostic methods of AML are complete blood count tests and bone marrow aspiration, while conventional treatment methods involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplant. There is a risk of cancer cells spreading progressively to the other organs if left untreated, and hence, early diagnosis is required. The conventional diagnostic methods are time- consuming and have drawbacks like harmful side effects and recurrence of the disease. To overcome these difficulties, nanoparticles are employed in treating and diagnosing AML. These nanoparticles can be surface- modified and can be used against cancer cells. Due to their enhanced permeability effect and high surface-to-volume ratio they will be able to reach the tumour site which cannot be reached by traditional drugs. This review article talks about how nanotechnology is more advantageous over the traditional methods in the treatment and diagnosis of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various nanomaterials have been studied for their biomedical application in recent years. Among them, nanocomposites have a prominent medical application in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. Nanocomposites are made up of polymeric matrix layers composed of synthetic or natural polymers like chitosan, polyethylene glycol, etc. Polymer nanocomposites are inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. There are two types of polymeric nanocomposites which include natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have various biomedical applications, such as medical implants, wound healing, wound dressing, bone repair and replacement, and dental filling. Polymeric nanocomposites have a wide range of biomedical applications due to their high stability, non-immunogenic nature, sustained drug delivery, non-toxic, and can escape reticuloendothelial system uptake along with drug bioavailability improvement. In this review, we have discussed various types of natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]