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Chronic cough is one of the common diseases in pediatrics, and its occurrence, development and regression are closely related to the theory of xuanfu. Our team believes that the core pathogenesis of this disease is the deficiency of vital qi and the invasion of evil qi, resulting in a loss of control of the xuanfu. Among them, the deficiency of zang-fu organs and the loss of nourishment of the xuanfu are the basis of the disease; the accumulation of phlegm and food and the stagnation of the xuanfu are the root cause of the disease; the wind evil triggers the xuanfu to be the cause of the disease. In children, the lung, spleen and kidney are often deficient, making it easy for the xuanfu to lose its nourishment, which in turn affects the function of the xuanfu in transporting fluids, and when the xuanfu is stagnant due to deficiency, evil qi has an opportunity to take advantage of it;In addition, if the spleen and stomach are not nourished, and the transportation and transformation are not normal, it is easy to accumulate dampness and produce phlegm, or if food stagnates in the middle jiao and stagnates in the xuanfu channel, it will affect the smooth flow of qi and lay the hidden danger for the development of disease;If the cough is triggered by wind pathogen, the internal and external evil qi will interact with each other and the xuanfu will malfunction, resulting in the failure of lung qi to diffuse and purify and coughing, and the condition will linger. In treatment, our team adopted the principle of promoting the situation and removing the stagnation in the xuanfu by dispelling wind evil, resolving phlegm and removing stagnation, and reinforcing vital qi and supplementing deficiency to open up the xuanfu. At the same time, we pay attention to the application of the characteristic medicine to unblock the xuanfu, especially the medicine to regulate qi to unblock the xuanfu, the medicine to dredge the meridians to unblock the xuanfu and the medicine to invigorate the blood to unblock the xuanfu, so as to restore the function of the xuanfu of the lung, then the disease can be cured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dampness is one of the important external pathogens in Chinese medicine, and with the changes in peoples living habits, dampness syndrome is becoming more and more common. Due to the different characteristics and functions of different parts of the body, the pathogenesis of dampness is not the same when it attacks, so it is helpful to examine it before clinical treatment. Dampness forms through inner unbalance or invades through external environment. This paper discusses the clinical manifestations of dampness in various parts of the body and highlights the similarities and differences in the pathogenic mechanisms of dampness, taking into account the pathogenic characteristics of dampness as a clue for the external dampness invasion pathway from the surface to the inside. In addition, this paper also explains the disease mechanism of dampness syndrome in the context of western medical research, so as to provide research evidence for the integration of Chinese and western medicine and to improve medical treatment in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The denotation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) terminology is one of the core issues in TCM theoretical studies. Fundamentally, it is about the relationship between "term and matter". Studying TCM terminology is of significant importance as the denotation of TCM terminology tends to change between "analogy" and "definition". The denotation could refer to the "definition" in some cases and "analogy" in others, causing confusion and inconsistency. This paper takes terminology of TCM etiology and pathogenesis as examples to analyze the different forms of "definition" and "analogy" of TCM etiology and pathogenesis, then analyzes the transition mechanism of cognition from "definition" to "analogy" and from "analogy" to "definition" based on the similarity of metaphor. After analyzing the rationale of "definition" and "analogy" in the terminology, it is concluded that TCM has no independent system of language and adopts single-focus presentation of metaphorical cognition. These two features explain the underlying rationale. This paper also analyzes whether wind and cold or bacteria and virus are the etiologies of exogenous disease. It is stated that the etiologies should be "something like wind", "something like cold" and "something like damp" and expounds the significant of studying TCM language from the perspective of metaphorical cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxin damaging the brain collaterals and toxin damaging the vessels and collaterals are important modern interpretations of the occurrence and development of stroke. The theory that "toxins can destroy the physique and damage the brain collaterals" also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of symptomatic cerebral artery stenosis. This paper explains the disease occurrence from healthy qi deficiency, analyzes the influence of fire toxin, turbid toxin and other toxin damages on cerebral vascular stenosis, as well as the pathological development from "collateral deficiency" to "collateral stagnation" and further to "collateral damage". It was concluded that "collateral deficiency and toxin damage" is the core pathogenesis of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (symptomatic cerebral artery stenosis). Parallel treatment of strengthening the deficiency, eliminating toxins, and dredging collaterals should be applied at specific stages. Invigorating qi and eliminating toxins should be distinguished from clearing heat and eliminating toxins. Besides, stage-tailored treatment should also be emphasized, which may provide reference for clinical treatment of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eight extraordinary vessels originate from the prenatal qi, and the original qi runs in them. The occurrence and development of tumors are regulated by genes and closely related to congenital basis. However, nowadays most physicians treat tumors from the perspectives of postnatal zang-fu organs while pattern differentiation and treatment from the perspective of congenital extraordinary vessels has not received due attention. Based on relevant records in Huangdi Neijing (Huangdi' s Internal Classic), this paper discusses the direct and indirect relationships between tumorigenesis and congenital condition, and suggests the possible circulation of the congenital qi in the kidney-twelve meridians-extraordinary vessel pathway to elucidate the relationship between congenital extraordinary vessels and tumorigenesis and development. The treatment characterized by unblocking, supplementing and purging should be flexibly adjusted according to the deficiency and excess of the extraordinary vessels, the stage of tumor development, and the stage of treatment. In addition, the eight extraordinary vessels should be treated based on their different characteristics. It' s hoped that the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis in TCM differentiation and treatment of tumors and the treatment principles and methods will be enriched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a review of the understanding of psoriasis-like diseases such as ganxian （干癖, chronic eczema） and baibi （白疮, psoriasis） by generations of TCM physicians, it is believed that the proposal of the three patterns of "blood heat, blood dryness, and blood stasis" in the classic treatment plan was great inheritance and innovation of pattern differentiation and treatment of psoriasis. However, there were still limitations in ideas of pattern differentiation, which made it difficult to objectively and comprehensively reveal the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis. In accordance with the theory of correspondence between human beings and nature in Neijing （Internal Classic）, incorporating clinical practice and modern research, and based on the holistic "heaven-earth-man" pattern differentiation and the idea of seeking the root to treat the disease", the present research discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis in an objective and in-depth manner. It was pointed out that cold was an important factor in the occurrence and development of psoriasis. The reason for and mechanism of the fact that psoriasis is often severe in winter and mild in summer were explained. In addition, both the proposed "new plan" and "classic plan" for pattern differentiation and treatment of psoriasis were discussed thoroughly. It is believed that the new plan enjoys both breadth and depth in its ideas of pattern differentiation, is more objective and practical than the classic plan, and warrants validation and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is not only a typical allergic disease but a common and refractory disorder of the respiratory system with high prevalence rate and complex pathogenesis. Due to limited therapies, CARAS is prone to recurrent attacks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by overall pattern differentiation and systemic therapy, has been proved to be valuable in the treatment of CARAS. Literature on CARAS was reviewed in terms of its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment with TCM. Based on that, it is concluded that the special-diathesis constitution is the primary constitution of patients with CARAS, that latent pathogen attacks the lung is the core pathogenesis, constitution-disease-pattern differentiation is the way of diagnosis and treatment in clinical prevention and treatment, and the randomized controlled trial and large-sample real-world research would be the directions of future clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloasma has always been a difficult-to-treat disease in the medical and cosmetic community due to its refractory and disfiguring nature. Various treatment methods used in the treatment of chloasma have turned out to be ineffective，which highlights the importance of prevention and management. The etiology and pathogenesis of chloasma should be taken into account throughout the entire treatment process under the principle of "preventive treatment of disease" in traditional Chinese medicine. Early intervention in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of chloasma is beneficial to support the healthy qi， reduce the incidence and improve the curative rate. Specifically speaking, before the onset of disease, adjustment should be made to keep regular hours of daily life，strengthen the physique? avoiding overstrain ? and removing triggers etc. Five-phase musical intervention on the basis of constitutional identification can also be offered to prevent the disease from occurring. After the onset of disease，comprehensive therapies should be adopted to prevent the disease from progression； during recovery period，proactive management to consolidate the treatment effects to cure the disease and avoid relapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back in the era relying on physical perception only, the internal changes of the body can only be perceived by inference through external observation and analysis of the cause through the effects， and expressed with metaphorical cognition. The etiology and pathogenesis theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the product of such cognitive approach. This paper explored the origins of the theory that came from clinical practices and that cannot be perceived physically，with etiology and pathogenesis of TCM as the main line， and taiyang wind-stroke pattern and Guizhi Decoction (Cinnamon Twig Decoction, GZT) in Shanghai Lun (On Cold Damage) as an example. Metaphorical cognition is used to analyze taiyang wind-stroke pattern and GZT，including how cold damage was stated and what was the difference between the language used for the statement and the daily language used at that time； Why GZT has the effect of releasing the muscle and regulating the nutritive and defensive level ； Why the etiology and pathogenesis theory works well，and what are the new findings from the etiology and pathogenesis theory. At last，it reveals the differences between the logical determination of propositions and the fact test, with the logical determination of the truth and falsity of conditional propositions and the verifiability of the etiology in TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung toxin refers to the external or internal toxic substances accumulated in the lung, resulting in physiological disorder of Zang-fu organs, and abnormal circulation of qi, blood, and body fluids. Lung toxin mainly includes phlegm and stasis toxin, obstructs lung collaterals and leads to the occult development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which falls into the category of lung bi-syndrome in Traditional chinese medicine. This disease tends to linger, damage healthy qi, affect physique, and often presents with unfavorable prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Qian Yi stated that kidney tends to be deficient rather than excessive, a general consensus about absence of kidney excess pattern has been reached among traditional Chinese practitioners in the ancient time. However, Huangdi’s Internal Classic (Huangdi Neijing) has specifically recorded the pulses, symptoms, manifestations, and treatments of kidney excess pattern. Shenqi Wan (Kidney-qi pill) for complex pattern of deficiency and excess, which was created by Zhang Zhongjing, demonstrated morbid dampness was the main cause of kidney excess pattern. Dampness-heat and phlegm-heat is now considered as the dominant cause. In clinical practice, the principle of “treating an excess pattern by purgation” should be followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]