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Strain 1633, a novel member of the genus Thermogladius , isolated from a freshwater hot spring, is an anaerobic hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon capable of fermenting proteinaceous and cellulose substrates. The complete genome sequence reveals genes for protein and carbohydrate-active enzymes, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway for glucose metabolism, cytoplasmic NADP-dependent hydrogenase, and several energy-coupling membrane-bound oxidoreductases.

Desulfurococcus kamchatkensis is an anaerobic organotrophic hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon isolated from a terrestrial hot spring. Its genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 1,365,223 bp with no extrachromosomal elements. A total of 1,474 protein-encoding genes were annotated, among which 205 are exclusive for D. kamchatkensis . The search for a replication origin site revealed a single region coinciding with a global extreme of the nucleotide composition disparity curve and containing a set of crenarchaeon-type origin recognition boxes. Unlike in most archaea, two genes encoding homologs of the eukaryotic initiator proteins Orc1 and Cdc6 are located distantly from this site. A number of mobile elements are present in the genome, including seven transposons representing IS 607 and IS 200 /IS 605 families and multiple copies of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements. Two large clusters of regularly interspaced repeats are present; none of the spacer sequences matches known archaeal extrachromosomal elements, except one spacer matches the sequence of a resident gene of D. kamchatkensis . Many of the predicted metabolic enzymes are associated with the fermentation of peptides and sugars, including more than 30 peptidases with diverse specificities, a number of polysaccharide degradation enzymes, and many transporters. Consistently, the genome encodes both enzymes of the modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glucose oxidation and a set of enzymes needed for gluconeogenesis. The genome structure and content reflect the organism's nutritionally diverse, competitive natural environment, which is periodically invaded by viruses and other mobile elements.

Thermoproteus uzoniensis 768-20 is a thermoacidophilic anaerobic crenarchaeon isolated from a solfataric field in Kamchatka, Russia. The complete genome sequence reveals genes for protein and carbohydrate-active enzymes, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff pathways for glucose metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, hydrogenase, and sulfur reductase.

Strain 768-28 was isolated from a hot spring in Kamchatka, Russia, and represents a novel member of the Vulcanisaeta genus. The complete genome sequence of this thermoacidophilic anaerobic crenarchaeon reveals genes for protein and carbohydrate-active enzymes, the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff pathways for glucose metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and sulfate reduction.

Oscillochloris trichoides is a mesophilic, filamentous, photoautotrophic, nonsulfur, diazotrophic bacterium which is capable of carbon dioxide fixation via the reductive pentose phosphate cycle and possesses no assimilative sulfate reduction. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Oscillochloris trichoides subsp. DG-6, the type strain of the species, which has permitted the prediction of genes for carbon and nitrogen metabolism and for the light-harvesting apparatus.