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Seven new monoterpene alkaloids ( 1  -  7 ), along with 16 known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous decoction of the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-teng). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 are stereoisomers belonging to a novel type of pseudoindoxyl monoterpene alkaloids, 3 is the first monoterpene furoindole alkaloid from nature, and 4  -  7 are derivatives of the known monoterpene alkaloids featuring different structures.

Neolignans and lignans with diverse new chemical structures, including eleven pairs of separated chiral enantiomers [(+)-/(-)- 1 -(+)-/(-)- 5 , (+)-/(-)- 8 , (+)-/(-)- 10 , and (+)-/(-)- 12 -(+)-/(-)- 15 ], two achiral compounds ( 6 and 9 ), and an unseparated racemate [(±)- 11 ], together with a new natural product ( 7 ) and 21 known derivatives, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Angelica sinensis root head (guitou). Among the chiral isolates, (+)-/(-)- 13 and (+)-/(-)- 15 were scalemic pairs with enantiomeric ratios of around 3:1 and 1.5:1, respectively, while others were enantiomeric equivalent pairs. This indicates that the diverse neolignans in A. sinensis are biosynthesized via different pathways with varying degrees of stereo-controlled manners.

Four new lignans ( 1 - 4 ) and one new neolignan ( 5 ), along with two known lignan derivatives ( 6 and 7 ), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica root (ban lan gen). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, chemical method, and theoretical calculation, for which 1 was proved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 exhibited antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2) with an IC 50 value of 11.1 µM and a selective index (SI) > 9, while 1 and 5 are the first examples of sulfonated lignan and neolignan from nature.

Eleven new sulfonated alkaloids ( 1 - 11 ) having diverse structures were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica root (ban lan gen). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, chemical method, and theoretical calculation, of which (-)- 4 was proved by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Seven new minor monoterpene derivatives ( 1-7 ), together with six known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous decoction of the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-teng). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, of which 1 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Five new denudatine-type diterpenoid alkaloids (1-5), along with the known analogue aconicarmine ( 6 ), were isolated from an aqueous decoction of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii (fu-zi). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 5 is the first denudatine-type diterpenoid alcohol iminium alkaloid, which could be partially transformed into the aza acetal form in pyridine- d 5 . Compound 5 inhibited mice writhing in an acetic acid-induced writhing assay.

Seven new monoterpene alkaloids ( 1 - 7 ), along with 18 known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous decoction of the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-teng). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 is the first monoterpene 22-norindoloquinolizidine alkaloid with a ketene unit, while 2 and 3 are unusual indoloquinolizidine alkaloids having an oxazinane ring.[Formula: see text].

Six new triterpenes, uncarinic acids KP ( 1-6 ), along with 24 known analogues, were isolated as minor constituents of an aqueous decoction of the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gou-teng). By comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, their structures were elucidated as derivatives of olean-12-en-28-oic acid and urs-12-en-28-oic acid with different oxidized forms at C-3, C-6, and/or C-23, respectively. Cell-based preliminary bioassay showed that the ( E )-/( Z )-coumaroyloxy and ( E )-/( Z )-feruloyloxy units at C-27 of olean-12-en-28-oic acid and urs-12-en-28-oic acid played roles in their bioactivities.[Formula: see text].

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are essential components of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In this study, we identified (+)-(7'S,8S,8'S)-3',4,4',5,5'-pentamethoxy-2,7'-cyclolignan (SG-1), a cyclolignan semi-synthesized from Machilus robusta and M. wangchiana extracts, as a potent NNRTI. SG-1 displayed anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC 50 of 0.77 μmol/L by inhibiting reverse transcriptase (RT) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity through a direct binding. It had synergistic effects when combined with tenofovir/lamivudine or zidovudine/lamivudine. The pharmacodynamics properties of SG-1 render it a valuable lead for the development of novel NNRTIs.

Six new indole alkaloid diglycosides named isatigotindolediosides A-F (1-6), along with three known analogs (7-9), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots (ban lan gen). Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with enzyme or acid hydrolysis, and comparison of experimental circular dichroism (CD) and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. In the preliminary assays, compounds 3, 5, and 8 showed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3.

Five new indole alkaloid glucosides named isatindigotindolosides A-E (1-5), along with three known analogs (6-8), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with chemical methods and electronic circular dichroism spectra calculations. In the preliminary assays, compounds 1, 6 and 7 showed antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2) with IC50 values of 14.6-33.3 μM. Compound 1 also exhibited inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO) production in microglial cell BV2 with an inhibition ratio of 93.0% at 10 μM.

Seven new 4-hydroxybenzyl-substituted glutathione derivatives (2-8), together with a known analogue (1), were isolated from the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata Blume rhizomes. Their structures were determined by using spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute configurations of 1-8 were assigned by using Marfey's method, combined with comparing the NMR and CD spectroscopic data of sulfoxide moieties in 3-6 with those of S-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cysteine sulfoxide stereoisomers (9-12) synthesized as authentic samples. The configurations of 9-12 were confirmed by electronic CD calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the structures of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8 were verified by synthesis. Compound 3 was active against serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell damage and synthetic 9-14 exhibited activity against Fe(2+)-cysteine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation.

Seven new C14-polyacetylene glucosides codonopilodiynosides A-G (1-7) were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Codonopsis pilosula roots. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-(5S,6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-(5S,6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (-)-(5S,6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5,14-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-(5S,6E)-tetradeca-6-en-8,10-diyn-1,5,14-triol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (-)-(5S,6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,5-diol 5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (-)-(6S,4E,12E)-tetradeca-4,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1,6-diol 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and (-)-(5S,6E)-tetradeca-6-en-1,5-epoxy-8,10-diyn-14-ol 14-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), respectively. The absolute configurations of 1-7 were assigned by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by isolation of glucose and aglycones (1a and 4a-7a), and subsequent comparison of specific rotation, TLC, and (1)H NMR data of the glucose with an authentic sugar sample and application of modified Mosher's method based on the MPA determination rule of Δδ(RS) values for 1a and 4a, and Δδ(S) values for 6a. The configuration of 7 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression is the main mechanism involved in chemotherapy drug resistance such as paclitaxel resistance and therapy failure. The most widely studied P-gp inhibitors still have limited ability to reverse resistance in the clinic. In this study, EM-E-11-4, a lathyrane-type diterpenoid isolated from Euphorbia micractina, was found to significantly increase paclitaxel uptake in Caco-2 cells, which functionally overexpressed P-gp. In vitro transport experiments, carried out in the Caco-2 monolayer model, indicated that EM-E-11-4 significantly reduced the efflux ratio of paclitaxel transport by inhibiting P-gp function without affecting P-gp expression. We also found that EM-E-11-4 enhanced the intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner by LC-MS/MS and EM-E-11-4 showed low cytotoxicity. Hence, EM-E-11-4 is an effective potential agent to reverse P-gp-mediated paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting P-gp transport function and increasing the intracellular concentration of paclitaxel.

Seven new glycosidic bisindole alkaloids, isatindigobisindolosides A-G (1-7), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, together with calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. In the NMR spectra of 1-3, it is found that integration of H-2 and intensity of C-2 are affected not only by a substitution group at C-2 but also by solvents. Influences of the glucopyranosyloxy on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic bisindole alkaloids are discussed. Compounds 2, 5, and 6 showed antiviral activity against both the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2) and Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 8.4-100.0 μM.

Eight new C14-polyacetylenol glycosides, containing ene-diyne and ene-yn-ene chromophores named codonopilodiynosides H-M (1-6) and codonopiloenynenosides A and B (7 and 8), respectively, together with three known analogs lobetyolinin, pratialin B, and lobetyolin (9-11), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods including 2D NMR data analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The absolute configurations of aglycones in 1-10 were assigned by application of the methoxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) determination rule of Δδ(RS) values and/or the empirical rule of Mo2(OAc)4-induced circular dichroism for the vicinal diols, or by comparison of specific rotation values with those of reported compounds. Compounds 4-6 are the first polyacetylenol glycosides possessing a cis-ene-diyne chromophore from the genus Codonopsis, while 8 has a rear trans-ene-yn-cis-ene chromophore and a (6S,7S)-6,7-diol unit against a (6R,7R)-6,7-diol unit in the others. The absolute configurations of lobetyolinin (9) and pratialin B (10) were determined for the first time.

Seven new aromatic acid derivatives (1-7), together with five known analogs, were isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as 4-methyl ( - )-(R)-hydroxyeucomate (1), 4-butyl ( - )-(R)-hydroxyeucomate (2), 4-butyl-1-methyl (+)-(R)-2-O-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzoyl)malate (3), 1-butyl-4-methyl (+)-(R)-2-O-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzoyl)malate (4), dimethyl (+)-(R)-2-O-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzoyl)malate (5), dimethyl (+)-(R)-2-O-(4'-hydroxybenzoyl)malate (6), and methyl ( ± )-3-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-3-sulfopropionate (7), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are 2-benzylmalates (eucomate derivatives), 3-6 belong to 2-O-benzoylmalates, and 7 is a rare phenylpropionate containing a sulfonic acid group. The absolute configurations of eucomate derivatives were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 4-methyl eucomate (11).

Synthetic isorhapontigenin was treated with several kinds of inorganic reagents and peroxidase so as to prepare active stilbene dimers. Among them, silver acetate in methanol gave two new isorhapontigenin dimers 4 and 5, together with four known natural stilbene dimers 2, 3, 6, and 7. Their structures and relative configurations were determined on the basis of spectral analysis, and their possible formation mechanisms were discussed, respectively. Compounds 2, 6, and 7 were artificially synthesized for the first time. All the products were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities.

Six new glycosidic constituents (1-6), together with 10 known analogs, have been isolated from the bark of Machilus robusta. Structures of the new compounds, including the absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as ( - )-nectandrin B-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), ( - )-(7R,7'R,8S,8'R)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), ( - )-(7R,7'R,8S,8'R)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), ( - )-(8S,8'R)-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxylignan-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), ( - )-(7R,8R)-syringylglycerol-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), and ( - )-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), respectively.

Six new glycosides (1-6) have been isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as ( - )-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid 2-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (1), ( - )-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid 4-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (2), ( - )-(E)-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoic acid 4-O-β-d-(6-O-benzoyl)-glucopyranoside (3), ( - )-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxyphenylglycerol 9-O-β-d-[6-O-(E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl]-glucopyranoside (4), ( - )-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol 9-O-β-d-[6-O-(E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylpropenoyl]-glucopyranoside (5), and ( - )-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenol β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (6), respectively.

Six new butanolide derivatives with long aliphatic side chains (1-6), together with 23 known lipophilic constituents, were isolated from the bark of Machilus yaoshansis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. All the isolates were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Five new phenylpropene diglycosides (1-5), together with three known analogs, have been isolated from an ethanol extract of the bark of Machilus wangchiana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. In the preliminary assay, compounds 2 and 5-8 reduced dl-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatocyte (WB-F344 cells) damage with 37-41% inhibitions at 10 μM.

A new dihydroflavonol glycoside dimer 6,6-bisastilbin (1) and a new nitrile-containing metabolite (Z)-5α,6β-dihydroxy-4β-methoxy-2-cyclohexene-Δ(1,α)-acetonitrile (2), together with three known analogs, bauhinin, bauhinilide, and dehydrodicatechin A, have been isolated from an ethanol extract of Bauhinia aurea. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Nine new fatty acid derivatives, including seven methoxylated (1, 2, and 4-8) and two hydroxylated (3 and 9) fatty acids, have been isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. The 3- or 9-methoxylated fatty acids are reported for the first time in nature.

Five new 9,10-anthraquinones (1-5) were isolated from an ethanol extract of the roots of Knoxia valerianoides. Their structures including absolute configuration of 1 were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4 and 5 showed moderate activity against nitrogen oxide production in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide, at 10(- 5) M, with inhibition ratios of 50.4 ± 3.6 and 41.7 ± 2.1%, respectively.

Four new minor constituents including two cyclodipeptides (1 and 2) and two cyclopentene derivatives (3 and 4), together with four known cyclodipeptides, have been isolated from an ethanolic extract of the tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation combined with chemical methods. Among them, compound 1 contains an abnormal S-(4''-hydroxybenzyl)cysteine residue, 3 and 4 possess [(4-methylcyclopentyl)methyl]benzene and (4-hydroxymethylcyclopentyl)benzene carbon skeletons, respectively, both of which are first found from the natural source.

Two new triterpenoids taraxer-14-ene-1alpha,3beta-diol (1) and 3beta-hydroxytaraxer-14-ene-1-one (2), together with the known triterpenes taraxerol (3), betulin (4), betulinic acid (5), sumaresinolic acid (6), and 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (7), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone (8), alpha-monpalmitin (9), palmitic acid (10), 6beta-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (11), beta-sitostero1 (12), have been isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the ethanolic extract of Pterospermum heterophyllum. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated against several human cancer cell lines. Compound 1 showed in vitro selective cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cell lines (A549) with an IC(50) value of 1.22 microM. Compound 7 showed significant cytotoxicity against the A549, HCT-8, Bel7402, BGC-823, and A2780 cancer cell lines with IC(50) values of 0.21, 0.55, 0.40, 0.59, and 0.34 microM, respectively. However, the other compounds were inactive (IC(50)>10 microM).

Two new terpenoids including a cadinane sesquiterpene (1), and an ent-kaurane diterpene diglycoside (2), together with a known triterpene containing 32 carbons (3), have been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Cremastra appendiculata. Their structures were established by the spectroscopic methods including the IR, MS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR experiments as ( - )-cadin-4,10(15)-dien-11-oic acid (1), ( - )-ent-12beta-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 19-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and (+)-24,24-dimethyl-25,32-cyclo-5alpha-lanosta-9(11)-en-3beta-ol (3). Compounds 1-3 were evaluated against several human cancer cell lines. Compound 3 showed in vitro-selective cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) with an IC50 of 3.18 microM, but 1 and 2 were inactive (IC50>10 microg/ml).

Six new sesquiterpenes, 10-hydroxy-epiaplysin (1), 10-hydroxy-aplysin (2), 10-hydroxy-debromoepiaplysin (3), aplysin-9-ene (4), epiaplysinol (5) and debromoepiaplysinol (6), together with 13 known compounds (7-19), have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia tristicha. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic methods including IR, EI-MS, HREI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All compounds were obtained from this species for the first time and were tested for cytotoxic activities against several human cancer cell lines including lung adenocarcinoma (A549), stomach cancer (BGC-823), hepatoma (Bel 7402), colon cancer (HCT-8) and HeLa cell lines. Compound 6 showed selective cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line with IC(50) 15.5 microM, cholest-5-en-3beta,7alpha-diol (14) was toxic to all tested cell lines with IC(50) values of 16.8, 5.1, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.3 microM, respectively, and other compounds were inactive (IC(50)>10 microg/ml).

A novel polyhydroxyl sterol (1) along with one known polyhydroxyl sterol (2), and two known monoglycosides, asterosaponin P1 (3) and its desulfated monoglycoside (4), have been isolated from the whole bodies of a common Pacific starfish Asterina pectinifera. The structure of the new polyhydroxyl sterol was determined as 15beta,16beta-isopropylidenedioxy-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,4beta,6alpha,7alpha,8,26-hexaol by spectroscopic methods, including FABMS, HR-FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Two new bromophenols, (E)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropenal (1) and 3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanol (2), together with 11 known bromophenols (3-13), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the brown alga Leathesia nana S. et G. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including IR, MS, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

Three new furostanol oligoglycosides, named aspacochioside A (1), B (2) and C (3), together with the known compound 3-O-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4))(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)]-26-O[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5beta-spirostane-3beta-ol were isolated from the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (IR, HR-ESIMS, ESIMS/MS, ID and 2D NMR) and chemical methods as 3-O-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4))(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)]-26-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5beta-furostane-3beta,22alpha,26-triol (1), 3-O-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4))(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)]-26-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-22alpha-methoxy-(25S)-5beta-furostane-3beta,26-diol (2), and 3-O-[(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4))(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)]-26-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-(25S)-5beta-furost-20(22)-en-3beta,26-diol (3).

Seven new compounds, named coelovirins A-G (1-7), along with fourteen known constituents were isolated from the rhizomes of Coeloglossom viride var. bracteatum (Orchidaceae). On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR techniques, the structures of new compounds were elucidated as 1-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R,3S)-2-isobutyltartrate (1), 4-(4-beta-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R,3S)-2-isobutyltartrate (2), 1-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R,3S)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate (3), 4-(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R,3S)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartrate (4), (2R,3S)-2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-isobutyltartaric acid (5), bis(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R,3S)-2-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-isobutyltartrate (6) and bis(4-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxybenzyl)-(2R)-2-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-isobutylmalate (7). The known compounds are 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, 4-(4-hydroxybenzyloxy)benzyl alcohol, gastrodin, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, thymidine, loroglossin, militarine, dactylorhin A, dactylorhin B, beta-sitosterol and daucosterol.

The new flavone diglycoside 7-O-[6-O-(alpha-L-arabifuranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-gossypetin, named as pyrropetioside, along with 13 known compounds (including 3 artifacts) have been isolated from Pyrrosia petiolosa. Their structures have been elucidated by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

A novel phenolic glucoside alangitanifoliside A (1) together with two known phenolic glucosides 4',6'-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenylsalicin (2) and salicin (3), and gallic acid were isolated from stem barks of Alangium plantanifolium. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The structure of 1 was elucidated to be 1-O-[2-(1-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxymethyl)-phenyl]-4,6-O-[(S)-,4,4',5,5' 6,6'-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranose.