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Two new iridoid glycosides, piasezkiiosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from aqueous extract of the whole plant of Rehmannia piasezkii. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data, chemical transformation, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibited weak hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced HepG2 cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We established myocardial injury models in vivo and in vitro to investigate the cardioprotective effect of gomisin D obtained from Schisandra chinensis. Gomisin D significantly inhibited isoproterenol-induced apoptosis and hypertrophy in H9C2 cells. Gomisin D decreased serum BNP, ANP, CK-MB, cTn-T levels and histopathological alterations, and inhibited myocardial hypertrophy in mice. In mechanisms research, gomisin D reversed ISO-induced accumulation of intracellular ROS and Ca2+. Gomisin D further improved mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders by regulating the TCA cycle. These results demonstrated that gomisin D had a significant effect on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, calcium overload and improving mitochondrial energy metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new iridoid glycosides (1–4), rehmaglutosides L–O, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known mellittoside (5) and ajugol (6) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of mellittoside was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1–6 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and proliferation effects on Lactobacillus Reuteri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new pentasaccharides (1–7), rehmaglupentasaccharides A-G, were isolated from the air-dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known verbascose (8) and stachyose (9) were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of stachyose was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1–9 were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, influence on dopamine receptor activation, and proliferation effects against Lactobacillus reuteri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Salvia deserta led to the isolation of eight new pentacyclic triterpenoids including three oleanane- (1 − 3) and five ursane-type (4 − 8) triterpenoids, whose structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculation. Weak immunosuppressive potency was observed for compounds 1, 2, and 4 − 8 via inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 at 20 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 2, and 4 − 6 exhibited moderate protective activity on t-BHP-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]