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Existing prediction tools of indoor environment such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and multizone models each have their advantages but also their limitations. Therefore combining the two models could avoid their respective drawbacks and improve the accuracy of prediction of indoor air quality. This paper presents a coupling method which uses pressure differences output from a multizone model to link with CFD. The method is then applied to an example case with air infiltration and exfiltration, an open door, ventilation and a contaminant source. The outlined method models both small openings and large ones such as doors and windows and will be useful in the conception and design of advanced ventilation systems for residential and small office buildings at an improved accuracy with less computational burden.

The energy consumption and indoor temperature of 13 housing units sited in the northern region of Honshu Island, Japan were investigated for a full two years from Dec. 2002 to Nov. 2004. Five of the houses were installed with all-electric equipment. The annual and daily energy consumption profiles of two typical houses were analyzed, and the annual energy consumption per house was found to range from 40GJ/year to 120GJ/year. The difference of energy consumption between the two years was very small, while in some houses, energy consumption during the second year decreased due to a rise in energy saving awareness. The results indicated that the characteristics of energy consumption were not only greatly influenced by regional climate but also by the use of household equipment and lifestyle. Finally, the relationship between energy consumption for space heating and indoor temperature is discussed.

The purposes of this study are to look into the actuality of rural residential energy consumption in Hunan province, China, to improve energy utilization structure, and to protect the environment. ...

The purpose of this survey was to examine the actual conditions of residential indoor air quality in urban areas in China. In this survey, the concentrations of about 16 volatile organic compounds ...

Author(s): Yumiko, Ogawa; Weijun, Gao; Nan, Zhou; Toshiyuki, Watanabe; Hiroshi, Yoshino; Toshio, Ojima | Abstract: In this research, the authors have carried out the research to investigate the characteristics of building energy standards of the residential building in China. Efforts have also been made to promote a better understanding of the energy policy and relevant standard for architects and building designers to achieve optimal energy efficient building design in China. The results can mainly summarized as follows: (1) As for the thermal environment design, the climate of China has been classified five zones. (2) The sunlight, lighting, ventilation environment of residential building have been specified in the new standards. (3) Prescribed the building design elements, such as layout, orientation, shape, color, plan and the type of window. In particular, the thermal insulation measures for heating system has been added in hot summer and cold winter region, which was not described in old standard. (4) It is admitted that there is still a difference compared with the standard of many foreign countries, and the improvement in the further heat insulation performance and positive execution of the standard continue to be expected.

In order to determine the factors of origin of Sick House Syndrome (SHS), data of indoor air quality in the sick houses and field survey were collected and carried out respectively, over three summ...

In order to understand the actual conditions of urban residential indoor environment, indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality in Beijing during the summer season, the investigation of indoor ...

The purpose of this survey is to look into the actual conditions of the residential indoor environment in urban areas in China during the summer for discussing thermal comfort and the possibility o...

This paper deals with the space heating and indoor thermal environment of residential buildings in three large cities in China; Shanghai, Beijing and Harbin. The investigation was carried out for 240 houses during the winter from 1998 to 2000 by means of questionnaire and liquid crystal thermometers. Also, the temperature and humidity of 20 houses were measured by small data loggers with temperature and humidity sensors. The findings are as follows: 1) In Shanghai, air conditioning units are popularly used for space heating in 45% of houses. One or two rooms of the house are heated for only about 4 hours in the evening. The indoor temperature of the houses is around 15°C and is stable during the measurement period due to the thermal capacity of the concrete structure. The occupants wore relatively heavy clothes in the low temperature indoor environment. 2) In Beijing, central space heating is popular and all rooms are heated throughout the entire day. The room temperature is around 20°C. 3) In Harbin, the heating system is not operated all day long in some cases although central space heating is popular. The indoor temperature of these apartments is 5°C lower than others that are heated all day.

In this study, a numerical method for predicting the radiative and convective heat transports around building blocks in a snowy region is developed. A field measurement is also carried out to clarify the effects of cold and high-albedo surfaces covered with snow. Although the surface temperature of the ground covered with snow was lower than that without snow, MRT and SET* above the snow surface were predicted to be higher than those without snow. This reflects the large effect of an increased albedo of the ground surface due to snow.