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Tingidae (Hemiptera) of Korea are revised based on literature review as well as recently collected material and museum collections. A genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea for Acalpyta marginata. One species, Stephanitis typica, is removed from Korea. As a result, a total of 39 species in 17 genera, two subfamilies are recognized. An updated checklist including known distributions and host plant information in Korea is provided.

The Phytosciara genus group (Diptera, Sciaridae: Phytosciara Frey, Dolichosciara Tuomikoski, and Prosciara Frey) are studied in the Korean peninsula. Dolichosciara koreaensis Shin & Menzel sp. n. is described and illustrated as new to science. Additionally, four species are reported as new to Korea: Dolichosciara orcina ( Tuomikoski, 1960 ), Dolichosciara semiferruginea (Menzel, 1995), Prosciara producta ( Tuomikoski, 1960 ), and Prosciara ussuriensis ( Antonova, 1977 ). Identification keys are given for the genera of the Phytosciara genus group and for the Korean species of the genera Dolichosciara Tuomikoski and Prosciara Frey. The COI barcode for the new species is studied.

Four species of Sejanus Distant, 1910 recognized from the Korean Peninsula including the first record of S. komabanus (Yasunaga et al., 2013), S. vivaricolus (Yasunaga et al., 2013) and a new species herein described, S. yasunagai Oh, Duwal & Lee sp. nov. Each species is diagnosed with images of dorsal habitus, male and female genitalic structures. A key to the Korean Sejanus species also presented. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CE49D679-AE73-4FE2-83D4-C4191F1D9954.

The aphid genus Myzus Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is reviewed from the Korean Peninsula. A total of 19 Korean Myzus species are studied including three new species: M. (Myzus) asterale sp. nov., collected on Aster sp. (Asteraceae); M. (Myzus) prunense sp. nov., collected on Prunus sp. (Rosaceae); and M. (Nectarosiphon) raphanense sp. nov., collected on Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae). Those three new species are described with biometric measurements and illustrations. Host plants, distributions, identification keys to all Korean Myzus species are presented. LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:11DBCB54-E68B-48D2-BC50-915195B67C2A

The aphid genus Uroleucon Mordvilko (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is recognized from the Korean Peninsula. A total of twenty species of Korean Uroleucon are confirmed including two new species: U. (Uromelan) chrysanthemicola sp. nov., on Chrysanthemum sp. (Asteraceae) from Mt. Oseo, Korea and U. (Uroleucon) jejuni sp. nov., on Echinops setifer Iljin (Asteraceae) from Jeju Island, Korea. Two new species are described with biometric measurements, illustrations, and identification keys to species on host plants. LSID urn:lsid: zoobank.org :pub:ADBBDD99-6A12-4854-B559-64D5EF1B9CB0.

The genus Epicallima Dyar is reported from Korea for the first time, and one species, E. conchylidella (Snellen) is newly added. Diagnosis and description of adult and genitalia of the species are provided based on illustrations. A world checklist of the genus is also provided.

The subfamily Prometopinae Boving and Craighead, 1931 is recorded from Korea for the first time. Two species from different genera are recognized; Prometopia unidentata Hisamatsu, 1959 and Paramatopia x-rubrum Reitter, 1884. Morphological comments, biology, illustrations of habitus with genitalia of both sexes and a key to species from Korea are provided.

The tribe Xylobiini Reitter, 1911, consisting of six species belonging to three genera, is reviewed from Korea. Among them, we newly report five new records: Bioxylus natsumiae Watanabe, 2009, Bioxylus galloisi Fleutiaux, 1923, Bioxylus pilosellus Hisamatsu, 1959, Proxylobius helleri Fleutiaux, 1900, and Proxylobius longicornis Hisamatsu, 1958. We provide keys to genus- and species-level for all known Xylobiini in Korea with their diagnoses, descriptions, and diagnostic photographs.

The aphid genus Tinocallis Matsumura, 1919 is reviewed on the Korean Peninsula. In total, 8 species are recognized by adding 1 new species, T . ( T. ) latifoliae sp. nov. and 2 new records: T. ( T. ) mushensis (Takahashi, 1925) and T. ( T. ) viridis (Takahashi, 1929) to its current 5 previously recorded species. In the present paper, all 8 species are illustrated and keyed to the alate viviparous females. A new species description is also given.

Four species of the subgenus Aethina Erichson sensu stricto are recognized in Korea, including two species new to Korea: Aethina (s.str) aeneipennis, and the small hive beetle (SHB), A. (s.str) tumida. This is the first report of the small hive beetle in the Far Eastern Asia, which has been recently spreading worldwide, causing big economic loss in beekeeping industry. Comments on external and genital structures, brief biology, illustrations of the genitalia of both male and female, and a key to species of the subgenus Aethina s. str. are provided. As SHB becomes worldwide issues in apiculture, the invasion history of A. tumida into Korea and its larval description are also provided.

Three eucnemid genera and species are recognized for the first time from Korea: Eutyptycluts vicinus Fleutiaux, 1923, Fornax consobrinus Hisamatsu, 1963, and Feaia nipparensis (Hisamatsu, 1957) new combination (= Heterotaxis nipparensis Hisamatsu, 1957).A key to species, diagnoses, redescriptions, and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided for known Korean species. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society.

The jumping plant-lice of Laos are reviewed based on material collected during recent expeditions by the Moravian Museum (1997–2011), the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (2003–2012) and the Seoul National University (2012–2015). To date, only three psyllid species, viz. Diaphorina citri, Heteropsylla cubana and Pseudophacopteron tuberculatum, have been recorded from Laos. In the material at hand, 49 species (of 6 families and 27 genera) are represented. This collection includes the three previously reported species and 22 species reported for the first time from Laos. Twenty-four species are identified only to genus due to insufficient material. The following nomenclatorial changes are formally proposed: Insnesia drypetisuga ( Li, 2004 ), comb. nov. (from Auchmerina); Insnesia longitaenialis (Li, 2011 ), comb. nov. (from Auchmerina); Insnesia maculosa (Fang & Yang, 1986 ), comb. rev. (from Auchmerina); Insnesia yunnanensis (Li, 2011 ), comb. nov. (from Auchmerina); Trioza maculata (Yang, 1984 ) = Triozopsis ruiliensis Li, 2011 , syn. nov.

The subfamily Periacminae Lvovsky was reviewed for the first time from Korea. In this study, we newly added one genus Ripeacma with description of two new species, R. adamantis sp. n. and R. longior sp. n. One un-recorded species, R. acuminiptera Wang et Li was also described. Diagnosis, descriptions and illustrations of all known Periacminae species including new species are provided with distribution information.

The phyline plant bugs in Laos are reviewed on the basis of more than 300 specimens collected in a series of field investigations by Seoul National University, Korea. Twenty-six species belonging to the subfamily Phylinae are recognized and four species are described as new to science. A new genus, Indochinapsallus Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee n. gen. is proposed to accommodate one of the new species. Accordingly, the following new taxa are diagnosed, described and discussed herein: Acrorrhinium laos Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee, Europiella indochinana Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee, Indochinapsallus rufobrevis Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee, and Leucodellus laosensis Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee. An annotated checklist of all currently known Lao phyline taxa, including new distributional records for four genera and five species is provided.

The genus Stathmopoda Herrich-Schaffer, 1853, one of the agriculture and forestry pest groups in the world, is usually a tiny-sized insect and exhibits subtle morphological differences which make problems on morphological-based identification. In this study, for identifying Stathmopoda species, we tried to find a new molecular marker by using one mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and one nuclear gene, elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1a). From testing 42 individuals of six Stathmopoda species, we observed the usefulness of the EF1a in species identification with intraspecific genetic variation (range 0–2.5%) and interspecific genetic divergence (range 5.2–10.9%). In addition, the Neighbor-joining and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses revealed one complex group consisting of S. commoda, S. sp. and S. neohexatyla were clearly distinguished in the EF1a region. Our results indicate the possibility of the EF1a gene as a new molecular marker that can improve the accuracy of Stathmopoda identification comparing with the COI regions.

Eight species of the tribe Saissetiini Hodgson, 1994 (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are recognized from Korea, including two new records; Parthenolecanium fletcheri (Cockerell, 1893) and Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott, in Cockerell, 1899). Diagnoses and redescriptions of Korean species, with illustrations and photographs, and a key to Korean genera and species are provided.

Eight species in three genera of the tribe Pulvinariini Ashmead, 1891 in Korea, including three newly recorded species: Leptopulvinaria kawaii Tanaka and Amano, 2008, Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946, and P. photiniae Kuwana, 1914, are reviewed. Adult females of Korean species are redescribed, and a key to Korean genera and species of Pulvinariini is provided.

Bactericera gobica (Loginova) is reported for the first time from Korea on Chinese boxthorn, Lycium chinense Mill. In North and Northeast China, B. gobica is an important pest of boxthorn (Lycium chinense and L. barbarum) whose fruits, known as wolfberry or goji berry, are used in traditional medicine. B. gobica is diagnosed and illustrations of taxonomically relevant structures are provided along with information on its biology. Worldwide 17 psyllid species are associated with Lycium. These belong to the genera Bactericera (5 spp.), Diaphorina (2 spp.) and Trioza (1 sp.) in the Old World as well as Bactericera (2 spp.) and Russelliana (7 spp., including 5 undescribed spp.) in the New World. One species of each Bactericera and Russelliana is polyphagous which is very rare in psyllids.

Stingless bees are restricted to the tropical regions of the world and are considered as important pollinators of various wild and cultivated plants. In the recent investigation, fourteen species of stingless bees are recognized in the dry season from Cambodia and Laos, which are congeners to the species from an adjoining country Thailand. Three species of stingless bees are recognized for the first time from Cambodia: Pariotrigona pendleburyi (Schwarz, 1939), Tetragonula sirindhornae (Michener and Boongird, 2004) and Tetrigona melanoleuca (Cockerell, 1929). Likewise, two species of the stingless bees are reported for the first time from Laos: Lisotrigona furva Engel, 2000 and Tetragonula fuscobalteata (Cameron, 1908). Images of morphology and nesting behavior, checklist of stingless bees from Cambodia and Laos and short discussion on biology are provided.

Interception data pertaining to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera collected at the Korean quarantine border were cross-checked with incursion data during 1996–2014. Overall, 114,636 interception records of 1,075 species belonging to the six orders were detected, while 33 species (out of 2,710 newly recorded species belonging to the six orders) were confirmed as incursion species in Korea. Of the 33 species, only 14 (42.42%) were recorded as being intercepted at the quarantine border. These results indicate that recent incursion species in Korea are not subject to inspection at Korean borders. Of the 33 incursion species, 30 (90.90%) are agricultural pests, and 10 species (30.30%) are hemipteran. About these species, two factors, greenhouse cultivation and parthenogenesis of exotic species, are newly suggested as reasons for successful incursion into Korea. This study reveals that border inspections do not provide useful information to protect against occurrences of exotic incursive species and that the current quarantine system needs improvement.

Two new species, Eutrichosiphum nasensissp. nov. and Greenidea kheemoticolasp. nov., and two new records, Greenidea eugeniae Takahashi 1941 and Schoutedenia ralumensis Rubsaamen 1905, belonging to the subfamily Greenideinae Baker 1920 are described from Laos. E. nasensissp. nov. is distinguished by unique abdominal pigmentation and the relative length of ultimate rostral segment and 2nd tarsal segment. G. kheemoticolasp. nov. is characterized by the relative length of siphunculus and the maximum width of same segment. Illustrations for above 4 species and identification key to all the species from Laos for apterous viviparous females are provided.

A small and poorly known genus Pseudodoxia Durrant is studied in Korea. One new species, Pseudodoxia gahakensissp. nov., is described. Illustrations of adult and genitalia are provided, along with keys to two Korean Pseudodoxia. A checklist of the genus in the world is given.

Genus Promalactis (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) is reviewed with sixteen known species, including a new species, Promalactis kyuparki sp. nov., and an unrecorded species, P. xianfengensis Wang and Li, from Korea. The record of male P. albipunctata is also added. A full bibliography, diagnosis, and descriptions for all known species including new species are provided with distribution information. Keys to species and a catalog of the genus in Korea are also given.

The genus Omosita Erichson, 1843, which includes the sap beetle, Nitidulidae, is reviewed from Korea. Two species, Omosita colon (Linnaeus, 1758) and O. japonica (Reitter, 1874) are previously known from Korea, one species, O. discoidea Fabricius, is first recorded from Korea. A key to species from Korea and adjacent areas, re-descriptions, biology, illustrations of both males and females of the genus Omosita are provided. Some new distributional information for the range of Omosita colon, O. depressa (Linnaeus, 1758) and O. discoidea is included.

New distributional record from South Korea is presented for Baeochila scitula. Diagnosis and images are presented and a key to species of the genus is provided for distinguishing included taxa.

The invasive alien species, Metcalfa pruinosa (Say), has been spreading in Korea since it was first recorded at Gimhae in Gyeongnam province in 2005. This species has caused damage to major forest trees and several agricultural crops both by direct plant sap feeding and by indirectly vectoring sooty mold disease. This study aimed to estimate genetic divergence based on mitochondrial DNA variation in several populations from six countries to determine the origin of the Korean population of M. pruinosa. A total of 23 haplotypes were observed in the analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene in 124 voucher specimens. Among these specimens, only two haplotypes (HAP_1 and HAP_2) were confirmed in the Korean population, which had the lowest diversities of haplotype and nucleotide (0.093 and 0.00032, respectively), whereas populations of North America and Europe exhibited a relatively higher haplotype and nucleotide diversities. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Korean population was closer to European populations than North American populations; it had the lowest FST (0.589, p

The pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae Passerini, 1863 (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was firstly collected on Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) in Korea. For accurate species identification of A. punicae, we compared it with four other pomegranate-feeding Aphis species using molecular and morphological characteristics. In the morphometric analysis, A. punicae is distinguished from Aphis gossypii, which is morphologically similar to A. punicae, by shorter lengths of Ant.IV, Ant.V, and URS and a lower number of hairs on GP. In the sequence analysis, A. punicae reveals genetic differences ranging from 2.1% to 2.4% from A. gossypii in COI gene. In this study, we describe apterous and alate viviparous females of A. punicae and present and identification key to the subgenus Aphis on P. granatum.

The veiled polypore, Cryptoporus volvatus, is distributed widely in North America and East Asia and is believed to have a mutualistic relationship with coleopteran species—the fungus providing food and shelter in basidiocarps and beetle helping disperse spores. Seventy fresh basidiocarps of C. volvatus were collected from the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) in the spring season of 2013 from two sites in Korea. A total of 251 insects (101 adult and 150 larvae) were collected from the inside of basidiocarps and identified using morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. Six species belonging to five coleopteran families were identified. The number of spores attached to the bodies of adult insects was counted and average spore counts for each of the six species ranged between 1.0 × 104 and 5.2 × 105 spores/individual. Across localities, three species were shared (Aethina suturalis, Trogossita japonica and Parabolitophagus felix) and carried spores at high densities on their bodies, making them more likely to aid in spore dispersal.

Currently, DNA barcodes are often required to be analyzed using old museum specimens when they are the only available specimens for rare or endangered species, or even type series. In this study, using eight universal primers and newly designed 315 species-specific primers, we tried to recover full-length barcode sequences from 45 dried specimens of 36 butterfly species collected between 1959 and 1980 in Korea. The eight universal primers failed entirely in the PCR amplification and sequencing of all the specimens. On the other hand, 284 primer pairs consisting of the 315 primers, targeting fragments of 71–417 bp, amplified various lengths of barcode sequences from all specimens. The fragments were successfully combined to generate the barcode sequences ranging from 444 bp to 658 bp. Notably, of the 284 primer pairs, 26 primer pairs designed for Limenitis camilla , Argynnis niobe , and Brenthis daphne successfully amplified the barcode sequences of congeneric species, Limenitis doerriesi , Argynnis nerippe , and Brenthis ino , suggesting that the species-specific primers can be available for analyzing barcode sequences of closely related species. Our study reveals that the newly designed species-specific primers will be effective in acquiring COI sequences from old butterfly specimens.

Tribe Anthocoptini (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from Korea was reviewed. A total of eight species in the tribe were presented, among them, four species, Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa), Aculus fockeui (Nalepa and Trouessart), Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) and Tegolophus zizyphagus (Keifer) were newly recorded to the fauna. All the Korean species of the tribe were redescribed and illustrated. Keys to the Korean species of the tribe and distributions were also presented with the biological information such as host plants and damage symptoms.

The phyline plant bug tribe Pilophorini in Korea is comprehensively reviewed. Fourteen species in 2 genera are recognized. Pherolepis kiritshenkoi (Kerzhner, 1970) is reported from the Korean Peninsula for the first time. Keys to genera and species of the Korean Pilophorini are provided to aid their identifications. Diagnoses, redescriptions, illustrations of both male and female genitalia and brief biological notes based on the Korean specimens are also included.

The taxonomy of Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Sciaridae) is studied. A total of three species of Zygoneura is found in Korea: Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen, 1830, Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968), and Zygoneura (Pharetratula) flavicornis (Mamaev, 1968). Z. bidens is recorded from Korea for the first time. All three species are redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the Korean species is given. Furthermore, an updated world checklist of all species of Zygoneura is presented.

Six species of the tribe Hallodapini are revised from Korea. The oriental species, Hallodapus centrimaculatus (Poppius), is recognized for the first time from the Korean Peninsula, or in the Palearctic region. A generic and specific key to the Korean Hallodapini, diagnosis, re-descriptions, illustrations and biological notes are provided.

article i nfo The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been utilized as a molecular marker for aphid speciesidentification.However,thisgenehassometimesresultedinmisidentification because of low interspecific genetic divergences between some species pairs. In this study, to propose new molecular markers for the family Aphididae, we first screened 2289 sequences of 11 genes (COI, COII, CytB, ATP6, lrRNA, srRNA, ITS1, ITS2, EF1a, 18S, and 28S) collected from the GenBank. Among the 11 genes, ATP6 gene revealed the largest genetic divergence among congeneric species with the smallest divergence among conspecific individuals; in contrast, species pairs with low genetic divergences (b1%) were not observed. Secondly, for statistically testing the usefulness of ATP6 gene in species identification, we analyzed genetic distances between all of the combinations of 32 indi- viduals of 20 species for both COI and ATP6 genes. The ATP6 gene showed lower intraspecific (on average 0.08%) and higher interspecific (on average 8.28%) genetic distances than the COI gene (on average 0.19% and 6.24%, respectively) for the same pairs of individuals. This study corroborates the usefulness of the ATP6 gene as a new molecular marker that could improve the misidentification problems that are inherent with the COI gene.

The aphid genus Micromyzodium David, 1958 is newly recognized in the Korean Peninsula. This genus is characterized by very long dorsal abdominal hairs, almost 3 to 4 times as long as the basal diameter of antennal segment III. Colonies of two Micromyzodium species, Micromyzodium kuwakusae Uye, 1924 and Micromyzodium nipponicum Moritsu, 1949, were collected on Fatoua villosa Nakai (Urticales: Moraceae) and Perilla frutescens Britton (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), respectively. In this study, important characteristics are redescribed, illustrated, and measured for the apterous viviparous females of these species.

The mullein bug, Campylomma Reuter, is revised from Korea. Two species of Campylomma, C. chinense Schuh and C. miyamotoi Yasunaga, are recognized for the first time from Korea. A key to the Korean species of Campylomma, re-descriptions, illustrations of male and female genitalia, and host information for each species are provided.

The flower bugs or minute pirate bugs, Anthocoridae sensu lato, are represented by 12 genera and 24 species in the Korean Peninsula. The present catalog includes three newly recorded species to the fauna: Anthocoris confusus Reuter, Bilia japonica Carayon et Miyamoto, and Montandoniola pictipennis (Esaki). Distributional data and bibliographical references of each taxon are included. Biological notes (habitats, prey types, etc.) and diagnoses based on the local materials of the Korean Peninsula are also presented for the field of applied entomology.

A checklist of Dryinidae from Cambodia is provided. Fourteen species are listed, of which twelve are new records from Cambodia. Distribution and recorded hosts for each species are provided. A key to the species known from Cambodia is also provided.

Lycorma delicatula (White) was recently introduced in Korea, acting as a grape insect pest. Since the introduction of this invasive insect, it initially spread rapidly throughout central and southern Korea, and is now distributed throughout the mainland. Here we developed new mitochondrial markers from NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 regions, and analyzed the regional isolates of L. delicatula collected from original locations in China, as well as invasive locations in Korea and Japan. All Korean and Japanese isolates were found to be genetically identical to those from Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Shanghai, China. Further isolates, from Zhejiang province, China, had two additional haplotypes.

Two little-known species of deraeocorine plant bugs, Cimidaeorus nigrorufus Hsiao et Ren, 1983 and Cimidaeorus hasegawai Nakatani, Yasunaga et Takai, 2000 are reported from the Korean Peninsula for the first time. The finding also represents the first distributional record for the genus Cimidaeorus from the Peninsula. A key to species, diagnosis of each taxon, images of dry preserved specimens and illustration of the female genitalia are provided to aid their identification.

An unknown larva of enormous size was found from Carpinus laxiflora in the Gwangneung forest and identified by using a barcode gene. It was a larva of Callipogon relictus Semenov, a natural monument of Korea, at an undetermined instar. Based on the result, we provide the larval morphological description of this particular instar, with the illustrations and biometric measurement data of diagnostic characters.

The taxonomic histories of two genera, Acyrthosiphon and Aulacorthum, have been controversial because of the ambiguous morphology used as criteria to distinguish these genera. In this study, molecular and morphological characters were analyzed to determine whether the current classification of these genera is reasonable. Two phylogenetic trees based on five genes (COI, COII, srRNA, lrRNA, and EF1a) supported the distinctiveness of Acyrthosiphon and Aulacorthum, and a canonical discriminant analysis using 19 morphological characters showed that the two genera were separated by five morphological characters (HTB, C, Ant.III, HFM, and SIPH). Based on these results, we confirm that the current classification of Acyrthosiphon and Aulacorthum is supported by molecular and morphological characters.

Four species of the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae), H. atamensis (Ashmead, 1904), H. benten Terayama, 2006, H. susanowo Terayama, 1999, and H. tsugaruensis Terayama, 2006, are newly recognized from Korea. Descriptions, biometric measurement data and diagnostic illustrations are given for each species. A key to Korean Holepyris species is also provided.

The recent increase in agricultural commodities from abroad and travelers due to the economic growth and globalization in Korea has resulted in an increase in invasive alien insect species establishing in Korea. When “alien” is defined as species introduced after the beginning of the Greater Korean Empire Era (1897), 171 insect species are considered invasive alien species. On average, 0.85 alien insect species have become established each year for the last 40 years, and 76.6% of the alien insect species are economic agricultural pests. The annual invasion rate and the pest interceptions from imported cut flowers, planting material, and vegetables have been increasing rapidly. Traveler's baggage is an important pathway for fruit flies. Most of the alien pests that were first found in Japan were confirmed in Korea at least 3 years later until the 1990s, but the pattern has been reversed since the 2000s. Thus, continuous information sharing with neighboring countries such as Japan and China is needed to develop a system for early detection and prompt action against invading insect species. Thus, we introduce and summarize the present status of invasive alien insect species in Korea.

A total of 103 barcode (mitochondrial COI) sequences were newly provided for 77 forest insect pests from 66 genera belonging to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera. All 77 species had distinct COI sequences, revealing low intraspecific genetic divergence ( 7.30%). Among the 66 genera, 32 COI sequences of 25 species belonging to 16 genera were compared with 280 COI sequences of 117 species belonging to the same 16 genera archived in GenBank, showing that most species were clearly distinguished by barcode sequences. Based on these results, we conclude that a DNA barcode is effective for identifying forest insect pest species.

Proteomic differences between Bemisia tabaci biotypes (B and Q) were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectroscopic analysis. Among several protein spots specific to biotype B, carboxylesterase 2 (Coe2) was significantly more expressed in biotype B. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the close relationship of Coe2 with Myzus persicae esterase E4. Comparison of full-length cDNA sequences of Coe2 revealed no amino acid differences in functionally important conserved regions between biotypes B and Q. The transcription level of the Coe2 gene ( coe2 ) was 5.8-fold higher in biotype B than in biotype Q, but the coe2 copy number was not different between biotypes, suggesting that the overexpression of Coe2 was due to transcriptional up-regulation. Native isoelectric focusing followed by mass spectrophotometric analysis confirmed that the overexpressed pI 5.7 esterase in biotype B was Coe2. In-gel inhibition of Coe2 by three insecticides indicated the interaction of Coe2 with chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon and permethrin, but not with imidacloprid. These findings suggest that overexpression of Coe2 in biotype B can confer chemical defense against pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, perhaps by sequestration and hydrolysis, as seen in M. persicae E4. Finally, utility of Coe2 as a potential biotype-specific protein marker is discussed.

Until now, five species of the subgenus Uroleucon (Uromelan) have been recognized in Korea. This is the first report of Uroleucon (Uromelan) adenophorae (Matsumura, 1918) occurring on Adenophora triphylla (Campanulaceae) in Gangwon-do, South Korea. Host plants are reviewed and an identification key to species is presented for six Uroleucon (Uromelan) species from the Korean Peninsula.

The tribe Oxyptilini of the family Pterophoridae in Korea is reviewed. Four species, Capperia trichodactyla (Denis & Schiffermuller 1775), Oxyptilus chrysodactylus ([Denis & Schiffermuller] 1775), Procapperia pelecyntes (Meyrick 1908), and Tomotilus celebrates (Meyrick 1932) comb. nov., are newly reported from Korea. All recognized species are described with taxonomic notes and illustrations including male and female genitalia. Keys to the species are also presented.

Seven species of sciarid flies were collected in shiitake mushroom farm in Korea. Among them, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour 1839) and Bradysia difformis Frey 1948 were dominant as possible pests of the shiitake mushroom because the larvae were found on both oak bed logs and in the artificial sawdust beds for shiitake cultivation. Five other species, which were collected in lower numbers, are reported for the first time in Korea: Bradysia longimentula (Sasakawa 1994), Bradysia trispinifera Mohrig & Krivosheina 1979, Leptosciarella (Leptospina) subdentata (Mohrig and Menzel 1992), Scatopsciara camptospina Mohrig and Mamaev 1990, and Xylosciara inornata Mohrig and Krivosheina 1979.