80 results
Search Results
2. A Mathematical Model for the Dynamics of Onchocerciasis With Vector Control and Mass Drug Administration.
- Author
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Karuhanga, Martin, Yiga, Victor, and Liu, Yansheng
- Subjects
ONCHOCERCIASIS ,VECTOR control ,CONTINUOUS time models ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,DEATH rate - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis with asymptomatic infected humans using a mathematical model. The model incorporates interventions for treatment and vector control to evaluate the impact of these strategies. We analyse the model to determine the existence and stability of equilibrium points. Our results reveal that for the disease to persist in the community, the infection rate must exceed the sum of the treatment rate and the per capita death rate due to the disease. Sensitivity analysis highlights the critical role of the blackfly vector's average daily biting rate in disease transmission. Numerical simulations indicate that administering highly effective drugs to infected individuals significantly reduces the number of cases. Therefore, in addition to vector control, the use of highly efficient drugs is crucial for controlling the transmission of river blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Better Approximation Properties by New Modified Baskakov Operators.
- Author
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Jabbar, Ahmed F., Hassan, Amal K., and Ünver, Mehmet
- Subjects
POSITIVE operators ,LINEAR operators ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
This paper introduces a new idea to obtain a better order of approximation for the Baskakov operator. We conclude two new operators from orders one and two of the Baskakov type. Also, we prove some directed results concerning the rate of convergence of these operators. We apply the Maple software to demonstrate how the operators converge to a specific function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Mathematical Modeling of COVID‐19 Disease Dynamics With Contact Tracing: A Case Study in Ethiopia.
- Author
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Zerefe, Shimelis Bekele, Ayele, Tigabu Kasie, Tilahun, Surafel Luleseged, and Ünver, Mehmet
- Subjects
BASIC reproduction number ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,CONTACT tracing ,PUBLIC health research ,VIRAL transmission - Abstract
In this paper, we developed a mathematical model for the dynamics of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) transmission. The model embraces the notion of contact tracing and contaminated surfaces which are vital for disease control and contribute to disease transmission, respectively. We analyzed the model properties such as the positivity of the solution, invariant region, existence, and stability nature of equilibria. Besides, we computed the basic reproduction number R0. The local stability and the global stability of disease‐free equilibrium (DFE) points are proved by using the Routh–Hurwitz criteria and the Castillo‐Chavez and Song approach, respectively. LaSalle's invariant principle is applied to prove the stability of an endemic equilibrium (EE) point. The possibility of bifurcation is discussed using the center manifold theory. We used real data on the spread and control of COVID‐19 disease in Ethiopia. Based on the data reported, we estimated the values of the parameters using the least squares method together with the fmin function in the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The sensitivity analysis of the model is explored numerically to illustrate the impact of the parameters on disease transmission. The study addressed that contact tracing is especially important because COVID‐19 often has asymptomatic carriers, and there are many asymptomatic individuals unaware in Ethiopia. The new infections would decrease in the communities by detecting and isolating COVID‐19 cases before they could spread the virus to others. Moreover, the study endorsed that the contaminated surface has contributed to disease transmission. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the rate of disinfected contaminated objects (ϕ) rises, then the transmission of the disease is reduced. Consequently, this study will aid in the fight against COVID‐19 policymakers and NGOs. It can also be used as a policy input for different countries under this crisis. Because of the mathematical modeling of this global pandemic, there is another point of view rather than public health research outputs. Additionally, with the concept of contact tracing and contaminated surfaces incorporated into the model, the result provides insight for disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Graphs Connected to Isotopes of Inverse Property Quasigroups: A Few Applications.
- Author
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Nadeem, Muhammad, Ali, Sharafat, Alam, Md. Ashraful, and Wang, Qing-Wen
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REPRESENTATIONS of graphs ,GRAPH labelings ,MAGIC squares ,BIOLOGICAL networks ,BIPARTITE graphs - Abstract
Many real‐world applications can be modelled as graphs or networks, including social networks and biological networks. The theory of algebraic combinatorics provides tools to analyze the functioning of these networks, and it also contributes to the understanding of complex systems and their dynamics. Algebraic methods help uncover hidden patterns and properties that may not be immediately apparent in a visual representation of a graph. In this paper, we introduce left and right inverse graphs associated with finite loop structures and two mappings, P‐edge labeling and V‐edge labeling, of Latin squares. Moreover, this work includes some structural and graphical results of the commutator subloop, nucleus, and loop isotopes of inverse property quasigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. The Sequential Conformable Langevin-Type Differential Equations and Their Applications to the RLC Electric Circuit Problems.
- Author
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Aydin, M. and Mahmudov, N. I.
- Subjects
RESISTOR-inductor-capacitor circuits ,DIFFERENTIAL equations ,ELECTRIC circuits - Abstract
In this paper, the sequential conformable Langevin-type differential equation is studied. A representation of a solution consisting of the newly defined conformable bivariate Mittag-Leffler function to its nonhomogeneous and linear version is obtained via the conformable Laplace transforms' technique. Also, existence and uniqueness of a global solution to its nonlinear version are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are shown with respect to the weighted norm defined in compliance with (conformable) exponential function. The concept of the Ulam–Hyers stability of solutions is debated based on the fixed-point approach. The LRC electrical circuits are presented as an application to the described system. Simulated and numerical instances are offered to instantiate our abstract findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Symmetric Encryption Algorithms in a Polynomial Residue Number System.
- Author
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Yakymenko, I., Karpinski, M., Shevchuk, R., and Kasianchuk, M.
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NUMBER systems ,CRYPTOGRAPHY ,POLYNOMIALS ,NP-complete problems ,ALGORITHMS ,MULTIPLICATION - Abstract
In this paper, we develop the theoretical provisions of symmetric cryptographic algorithms based on the polynomial residue number system for the first time. The main feature of the proposed approach is that when reconstructing the polynomial based on the method of undetermined coefficients, multiplication is performed not on the found base numbers but on arbitrarily selected polynomials. The latter, together with pairwise coprime residues of the residue class system, serve as the keys of the cryptographic algorithm. Schemes and examples of the implementation of the developed polynomial symmetric encryption algorithm are presented. The analytical expressions of the cryptographic strength estimation are constructed, and their graphical dependence on the number of modules and polynomial powers is presented. Our studies show that the cryptanalysis of the proposed algorithm requires combinatorial complexity, which leads to an NP-complete problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Tensor Product Technique and Atomic Solution of Fractional Partial Differential Equations.
- Author
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Hammad, Ma'mon Abu, Alshanti, Waseem Ghazi, Alshanty, Ahmad, and Khalil, Roshdi
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TENSOR products ,BANACH spaces - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the atomic solution of a special type of fractional partial differential equations. Tensor product in Banach spaces, some properties of atom operators, and some properties of conformable fractional derivatives are utilized in such process. JEL Classification: 34G10, 34A55 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Mathematical Modeling of the Transmission Dynamics of Gumboro Disease.
- Author
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Musaili, J. S., Chepkwony, I., and Mutuku, W. N.
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INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,BASIC reproduction number ,MATHEMATICAL models ,ORDINARY differential equations ,POULTRY diseases ,POULTRY breeding - Abstract
Gumboro disease is a viral poultry disease that causes immune suppression on the infected birds leading to poor production, mortality, and exposure to secondary infections, hence a major threat in the poultry industry worldwide. A mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of Gumboro disease is developed in this paper having four compartments of chicken population and one compartment of Gumboro pathogen population. The basic reproduction number R og is derived, and the dynamical behaviors of both the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium are analyzed using the ordinary differential equation theory. From the analysis, we found that the system exhibits an asymptotic stable DFE whenever R og < 1 and an asymptotic stable EE whenever R og > 1. The numerical simulation to verify the theoretical results was carried out using MATLAB ode45 solver, and the results were found to be consistent with the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Simultaneous Model Change Detection in Multivariate Linear Regression With Application to Indonesian Economic Growth Data.
- Author
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Somayasa, Wayan, Djafar, Muhammad Kabil, Muhtar, Norma, and Sutiari, Desak Ketut
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ECONOMIC statistics ,ECONOMIC expansion ,CENTRAL limit theorem ,MONTE Carlo method ,BROWNIAN motion - Abstract
In this paper, we study asymptotic model change detection in multivariate linear regression by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov function of the partial sum process of recursive residuals. We approximate the rejection region and also the power function of the test by establishing a functional central limit theorem for the sequence of the partial sum processes of the recursive residuals of the observations. When the assumed model is true, the limit process is given by the standard multivariate Brownian motion which does not depend on the regression functions. However, when the assumed model is not true (some models change), the limit process is represented by a vector of deterministic trend plus the standard multivariate Brownian motion. The finite sample size rejection region and the power of the test are investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation study shows evidence that the proposed test is consistent in the sense that it attains the power larger than the size of the test when the hypothesis is not true. We also demonstrate the application of the proposed test method to Indonesian economic growth data in which we test the adequacy of three-variate low-order polynomial model. The test result shows that the growth of the Indonesian economy is neither simultaneously constant nor linear. The test has successfully detect the appearance of a change in the model which is mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. The Significance of Stochastic CTMC Over Deterministic Model in Understanding the Dynamics of Lymphatic Filariasis With Asymptomatic Carriers.
- Author
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Stephano, Mussa A., Irunde, Jacob I., Mayengo, Maranya M., and Kuznetsov, Dmitry
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STOCHASTIC models ,MARKOV processes ,BRANCHING processes ,FILARIASIS - Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a leading cause of chronic and irreversible damage to human immunity. This paper presents deterministic and continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) stochastic models regarding lymphatic filariasis dynamics. To account for randomness and uncertainties in dynamics, the CTMC model was formulated based on deterministic model possible events. A deterministic model's outputs suggest that disease extinction is feasible when the secondary threshold infection number is below one, while persistence becomes likely when the opposite holds true. Furthermore, the significant contribution of asymptomatic carriers was identified. Results indicate that persistence is more likely to occur when the infection results from asymptomatic, acutely infected, or infectious mosquitoes. Consequently, the CTMC stochastic model is essential in capturing variabilities, randomness, associated probabilities, and validity across different scales, whereas oversimplification and unpredictability of inherent may not be featured in a deterministic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. One-Step Family of Three Optimized Second-Derivative Hybrid Block Methods for Solving First-Order Stiff Problems.
- Author
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Yakubu, Saidu Daudu and Sibanda, Precious
- Subjects
INITIAL value problems ,RELAXATION techniques - Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach for solving first-order stiff initial value problems through the development of a one-step family of three optimized second-derivative hybrid block methods. The optimization process was integrated into the derivation of the methods to achieve maximal accuracy. Through a rigorous analysis, it was determined that the methods exhibit properties of consistency, zero-stability, convergence, and A-stability. The proposed methods were implemented using the waveform relaxation technique, and the computed results demonstrated the superiority of these schemes over certain existing methods investigated in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A New Efficient Hybrid Method Based on FEM and FDM for Solving Burgers' Equation with Forcing Term.
- Author
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Cakay, Aysenur Busra and Selim, Selmahan
- Subjects
HAMBURGERS ,BURGERS' equation ,FINITE differences ,NONLINEAR differential equations ,ORDINARY differential equations ,PARABOLIC differential equations ,FINITE element method - Abstract
This paper presents a study on the numerical solutions of the Burgers' equation with forcing effects. The article proposes three hybrid methods that combine two-point, three-point, and four-point discretization in time with the Galerkin finite element method in space (TDFEM2, TDFEM3, and TDFEM4). These methods use backward finite difference in time and the finite element method in space to solve the Burgers' equation. The resulting system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations is then solved using MATLAB computer codes at each time step. To check the efficiency and accuracy, a comparison between the three methods is carried out by considering the three Burgers' problems. The accuracy of the methods is expressed in terms of the error norms. The combined methods are advantageous for small viscosity and can produce highly accurate solutions in a shorter time compared to existing numerical schemes in the literature. In contrast to many existing numerical schemes in the literature developed to solve Burgers' equation, the methods can exhibit the correct physical behavior for very small values of viscosity. It has been demonstrated that the TDFEM2, TDFEM3, and TDFEM4 can be competitive numerical methods for addressing Burgers-type parabolic partial differential equations arising in various fields of science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Enhancing Malaria Control Strategy: Optimal Control and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis on the Impact of Vector Bias on the Efficacy of Mosquito Repellent and Hospitalization.
- Author
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Febiriana, Iffatricia Haura, Hassan, Abdullah Hasan, and Aldila, Dipo
- Subjects
MALARIA ,BASIC reproduction number ,MALARIA prevention ,MOSQUITOES ,VECTOR analysis ,REPELLENTS ,HOSPITAL care - Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of mosquito biting bias on the success of malaria intervention strategies. The initial model is developed considering the existence of symptomatic and asymptomatic humans, as well as vector bias. The model is then analyzed to demonstrate how the malaria-endemic equilibrium always exists and is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is larger than one. On the other hand, malaria will always go extinct in the population if the basic reproduction number is less than one. For intervention analysis, the model is extended by considering mosquito repellent and hospitalization as control strategies. The control reproduction number is shown analytically. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, we characterize our optimal control problem. Several scenarios are conducted to observe the dynamics of control variables under different circumstances. We found that the intervention of mosquito repellent and hospitalization together is the most cost-effective strategy to reduce the spread of malaria. Furthermore, we have shown that the more biased the vector attracted to infected individuals, the higher the cost needed to implement the control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Analytical Approximate Solutions of Caputo Fractional KdV-Burgers Equations Using Laplace Residual Power Series Technique.
- Author
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Burqan, Aliaa, Khandaqji, Mona, Al-Zhour, Zeyad, El-Ajou, Ahmad, and Alrahamneh, Tasneem
- Subjects
ANALYTICAL solutions ,CAPUTO fractional derivatives ,LAURENT series ,POWER series ,PARTIAL differential equations ,EQUATIONS ,NONLINEAR waves - Abstract
The KdV-Burgers equation is one of the most important partial differential equations, established by Korteweg and de Vries to describe the behavior of nonlinear waves and many physical phenomena. In this paper, we reformulate this problem in the sense of Caputo fractional derivative, whose physical meanings, in this case, are very evident by describing the whole time domain of physical processing. The main aim of this work is to present the analytical approximate series for the nonlinear Caputo fractional KdV-Burgers equation by applying the Laplace residual power series method. The main tools of this method are the Laplace transform, Laurent series, and residual function. Moreover, four attractive and satisfying applications are given and solved to elucidate the mechanism of our proposed method. The analytical approximate series solution via this sweet technique shows excellent agreement with the solution obtained from other methods in simple and understandable steps. Finally, graphical and numerical comparison results at different values of α are provided with residual and relative errors to illustrate the behaviors of the approximate results and the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Graph Crypto-Stego System for Securing Graph Data Using Association Schemes.
- Author
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Sabharwal, Anuradha, Yadav, Pooja, and Kumar, Kamal
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CRYPTOGRAPHY ,ABELIAN groups ,TELECOMMUNICATION ,CLOUD storage ,FINITE groups ,STATISTICS ,IMAGE encryption ,CLOUD computing - Abstract
Cryptography has recently become a critical area to research and advance in order to transmit information safely and securely among various entities, especially when the transmitted data is classified as crucial or important. This is due to the increase in the use of the Internet and other novel communication technology. Many businesses now outsource sensitive data to a third party because of the rise of cloud computing and storage. Currently, the key problem is to encrypt the data such that it may be stored on an unreliable server without sacrificing the ability to use it effectively. In this paper, we propose a graph encryption scheme by using cryptography and steganography. Data is encrypted using association schemes over finite abelian groups and then hiding the encrypted data behind randomly chosen cover image. We implemented and evaluated the efficiency of our constructions experimentally. We provide experimental results, statistical analysis, error analysis, and key analysis that demonstrates the appropriateness and efficiency of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An Efficient New Technique for Solving Nonlinear Problems Involving the Conformable Fractional Derivatives.
- Author
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Ahmed, Shams A.
- Subjects
PROBLEM solving ,DECOMPOSITION method ,NONLINEAR equations ,FRACTIONAL differential equations - Abstract
In this paper, an efficient new technique is used for solving nonlinear fractional problems that satisfy specific criteria. This technique is referred to as the double conformable fractional Laplace-Elzaki decomposition method (DCFLEDM). This approach combines the double Laplace-Elzaki transform method with the Adomian decomposition method. The fundamental concepts and findings of the recently suggested transformation are presented. For the purpose of assessing the accuracy of our approach, we provide three examples and introduce the series solutions of these equations using DCLEDM. The results show that the proposed strategy is a very effective, reliable, and efficient approach for addressing nonlinear fractional problems using the conformable derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Dynamics Analysis of a Delayed Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Model in Humans.
- Author
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Al-Jubouri, Karrar Qahtan and Naji, Raid Kamel
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HEMORRHAGIC fever ,BASIC reproduction number ,HOPF bifurcations ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,DISEASE vectors ,VIRUS diseases - Abstract
Given that the Crimean and Congo hemorrhagic fever is one of the deadly viral diseases that occur seasonally due to the activity of the carrier "tick," studying and developing a mathematical model simulating this illness are crucial. Due to the delay in the disease's incubation time in the sick individual, the paper involved the development of a mathematical model modeling the transmission of the disease from the carrier to humans and its spread among them. The major objective is to comprehend the dynamics of illness transmission so that it may be controlled, as well as how time delay affects this. The discussion of every one of the solution's qualitative attributes is included. According to the established basic reproduction number, the stability analysis of the endemic equilibrium point and the disease-free equilibrium point is examined for the presence or absence of delay. Hopf bifurcation's triggering circumstance is identified. Using the center manifold theorem and the normal form, the direction and stability of the bifurcating Hopf bifurcation are explored. The next step is sensitivity analysis, which explains the set of control settings that have an impact on how the system behaves. Finally, to further comprehend the model's dynamical behavior and validate the discovered analytical conclusions, numerical simulation has been used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Inexact Exponential Penalty Function with the Augmented Lagrangian for Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms.
- Author
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Tougma, Appolinaire and Some, Kounhinir
- Subjects
OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,LAGRANGIAN functions ,EXPONENTIAL functions ,NUMERICAL solutions to differential equations ,PARETO optimum ,CONSTRAINED optimization - Abstract
This paper uses an augmented Lagrangian method based on an inexact exponential penalty function to solve constrained multiobjective optimization problems. Two algorithms have been proposed in this study. The first algorithm uses a projected gradient, while the second uses the steepest descent method. By these algorithms, we have been able to generate a set of nondominated points that approximate the Pareto optimal solutions of the initial problem. Some proofs of theoretical convergence are also proposed for two different criteria for the set of generated stationary Pareto points. In addition, we compared our method with the NSGA-II and augmented the Lagrangian cone method on some test problems from the literature. A numerical analysis of the obtained solutions indicates that our method is competitive with regard to the test problems used for the comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Knee Point-Driven Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Adaptive Switching Mechanism.
- Author
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He, Maowei, Wang, Xu, Chen, Hanning, and Li, Xuguang
- Subjects
ANGLES ,KNEE ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms ,BENCHMARK problems (Computer science) ,MATE selection ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The Pareto dominance-based evolutionary algorithms can effectively address multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, when dealing with many-objective optimization problems with more than three objectives (MaOPs), the Pareto dominance relationships cannot effectively distinguish the nondominated solutions in high-dimensional spaces. With the increase of the number of objectives, the proportion of dominance-resistant solutions (DRSs) in the population rapidly increases, which leads to insufficient selection pressure. In this paper, to address the challenges on MaOPs, a knee point-driven many-objective evolutionary algorithm with adaptive switching mechanism (KPEA) is proposed. In KPEA, the knee points determined by an adaptive strategy are introduced for not only mating selection but also environmental selection, which increases the probability of generating excellent offspring. In addition, to remove dominance-resistant solutions (DRSs) in the population, an interquartile range method is adopted, which enhances the selection pressure. Moreover, a novel adaptive switching mechanism between angle-based selection and penalty for selecting solutions is proposed, which is aimed at achieving a balance between convergence and diversity. To validate the performance of KPEA, it is compared with five state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms. All algorithms are evaluated on 20 benchmark problems, i.e., WFG1-9, MaF1, and MaF4-13 with 3, 5, 8, and 10 objectives. The experimental results demonstrate that KPEA outperforms the compared algorithms in terms of HV and IGD in most of the test instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. An Analysis of Infiltration in Furrow Irrigation Channels With Root Water Uptake.
- Author
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Inna, Suma, Manaqib, Muhammad, Samudra, Vika Dwi, Erhandi, Ruly, and Adel, Waleed
- Subjects
HELMHOLTZ equation ,BOUNDARY element methods ,MATHEMATICAL models ,WATER distribution ,MARKETING channels - Abstract
This study discusses infiltration in six irrigation channel types with root water uptake in four types of roots. The mathematical model for the infiltration problem is the Richards equation. This equation is then transformed into a modified Helmholtz equation using the Kirchhoff transformation, dimensionless variables. Subsequently, a numerical solution of the modified Helmholtz equation is obtained using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method (DRBEM) with a predictor–corrector scheme to result in the numerical values of suction potential, water content, and root water uptake function. In addition, the amount of water absorbed by each root and the water distribution pattern in the channel can be obtained and compared. The results indicate that the minimum water content values occur in both impermeable rectangular and trapezoidal channels, and the highest water uptake values are also observed in the impermeable channels. This is consistent with the physical conditions; as in impermeable channels, water loss downward is limited, and water tends to flow toward the plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Symmetry Analysis and Wave Solutions of Time Fractional Kupershmidt Equation.
- Author
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Saini, Shalu, Kumar, Rajeev, Kumar, Kamal, and Francomano, Elisa
- Subjects
ORDINARY differential equations ,FRACTIONAL differential equations ,NONLINEAR differential equations ,PARTIAL differential equations ,WAVE analysis - Abstract
This study employs the Lie symmetry technique to explore the symmetry features of the time fractional Kupershmidt equation. Specifically, we use the Lie symmetry technique to derive the symmetry generators for this equation, which incorporates a conformal fractional derivative. We use the symmetry generators to transform the fractional partial differential equation into a fractional ordinary differential equation, thereby simplifying the analysis. The obtained reduced equation is of fourth order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. To find the wave solutions, F/G‐expansion process has been used to obatin different types of solutions of the time‐fractional Kuperschmidt equation. The obtained wave solutions are hyperbolic and trigonometric in nature. We then use Maple software to visually depict these wave solutions for specific parameter values, providing insights into the behaviour of the system under investigation. Peak and kink wave solutions are achieved for the given problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Advancing Finite Difference Solutions for Two‐Dimensional Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations Using Artificial Compressibility Method and Sparse Matrix Computation.
- Author
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Tsega, Endalew Getnet and Makinde, Oluwole D.
- Subjects
ALGEBRAIC equations ,FINITE difference method ,MATRIX inversion ,FINITE differences ,SPARSE matrices - Abstract
In this article, a numerical scheme for solving two‐dimensional (2D) time‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The artificial compressibility technique is used to incorporate a time derivative of pressure term to the continuity equation. It is employed for pressure–velocity coupling. The scheme consists of backward difference approximation for time derivatives and central difference approximation for spatial derivatives, implemented on a collocated grid. The discretization of the differential equations yields a system of algebraic equations with a block coefficient matrix. To solve this system efficiently, matrix inversion with sparse matrix computation is employed. The proposed numerical scheme is applied to solve three flow problems (lid‐driven cavity flow, rectangular channel flow, and Taylor–Green vortex problem) to validate the accuracy and applicability of the scheme. The results affirm the scheme's capability to provide precise approximations for solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations. With slight modifications, the scheme can be applied to solve various flow problems with high accuracy, less memory usage, and reduced computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. On Alpha Power Transformation Generalized Pareto Distribution and Some Properties.
- Author
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Bleed, Salma Omar, Attwa, Rasha Abd-Elwahab, Ali, Rabeea Farag Meftah, Radwan, Taha, and Burqan, Aliaa
- Subjects
PARETO distribution ,DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ,ARITHMETIC mean ,AKAIKE information criterion ,RANDOM variables - Abstract
Recently, the need to develop statistical distributions has become the most important spot. In this context, we employ the α‐power transformation (APT) method to convert the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) into a new distribution. Some statistical properties of the proposed distribution are being studied, such as moments, arithmetic mean, moment‐generating function, random variables, entropy, reliability, and hazard function (HF). In addition, the proposed distribution is compared with the Pareto distribution and some other forms of alpha power distributions, such as the alpha power Pareto (APP) distribution, alpha power Rayleigh (APR) distribution, and the alpha power Lomax (APL) distribution. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of the proposed distribution through a simulation study and two real data sets. It was found that the results showed the MLE method is reliable, the APTGP distribution is a competitive distribution for the aforementioned data set, and it is a mirror image of the Pareto distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Robust Prediction of Healthcare Inflation Rate With Statistical and AI Methods in Iran.
- Author
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Shaibani, Mohammad Javad, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, and Song, Qiankun
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ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,STATISTICAL smoothing ,MOVING average process ,TIME series analysis ,PRICE inflation - Abstract
The expected healthcare (HC) inflation rate (IR) (HCIR) is an important variable for all economic agents within HC systems. In recent years, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, Iran has experienced a high HCIR in its health system. In this context, a robust approximation of HCIR will be a helpful tool for health authorities and other decision makers. Using monthly time series data of HCIR in Iran, we developed various forecasting techniques based on classical smoothing methods, decomposition ETS (error, trend, and seasonality) approaches, autoregressive (AR) integrated moving average (ARIMA), seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA), and a multilayer nonlinear AR artificial neural network (NARANN) with several training algorithms including Bayesian regularization (BR), Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi‐Newton, conjugate gradient with Powell–Beale restarts (CGB), conjugate gradient with Fletcher–Reeves updates (CGF), and resilient propagation (RPROP) algorithms. Initially, based upon various criteria and possible combinations, we selected the superior model for each method separately. After that, the best model in each category is involved in 6‐ and 12‐multi‐step‐ahead prediction. In this stage, several error criteria are calculated. According to our findings, in a six‐step forecasting window, the Holt–Winters with a multiplicative seasonal pattern and SARIMA showed less bias, though compared to other alternatives like NARANN‐lm/br, the difference was relatively small. In the next process, by doubling the forecasting window, it is observed that artificial neural network (ANN) (i.e., Bayesian NARANN) strictly outperformed other models. As a result, in shorter steps, the Holt–Winters method can provide a better prediction, while in longer windows, Bayesian NARANN can be implemented vigorously for the prediction. Finally, we used 10 models to predict the future trend of HCIR in Iran till the end of July 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Inclined Magnetic Field on Mixed Convection Darcy–Forchheimer Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Over a Permeable Stretching Sheet With Variable Thermal Conductivity: The Numerical Approach.
- Author
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Adem, Gossaye Aliy, Chanie, Adamu Gizachew, and Simos, Theodore
- Subjects
NUSSELT number ,BROWNIAN motion ,SIMILARITY transformations ,HEAT radiation & absorption ,MASS transfer - Abstract
The behavior of a Maxwell nanofluid in mixed convection Darcy–Forchheimer inclined MHD flow across a stretched sheet is investigated in this research study. In order to analyze heat and mass transfer, the inquiry takes into account a number of variables, including the magnetic field, variable thermal conductivity, activation energy, suction/injection, and nonlinear thermal radiation. The controlling nonlinear PDEs with BCs are converted via similarity transformation into nonlinear ODEs in order to solve the ensuing nonlinear ODEs. These ODEs are then solved using the shooting method and a fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta methodology. The study explores how fluid flow velocity is affected by magnetic field inclination and suction/injection effects. This is attributed to the strengthening of the magnetic field with an increase in the inclination angle α. Additionally, the imposed magnetic field generates an opposing force, known as the Lorentz force, which contributes to a reduction in the velocity curve. Furthermore, various parameters affect the profiles of concentration, temperature, velocity, and Nusselt number. A number of parameters are looked at, such as the response rate constant, mixed convection, buoyancy ratio, suction/injection, Brownian motion, Lewis number, and thermophoresis. Interestingly, the results show that activation energy and mixed convection parameters, respectively, have an increasing effect on concentration and velocity curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Transmission Dynamics of Monkeypox Virus With Age‐Structured Human Population: A Mathematical Modeling Approach.
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Okongo, Walter, Okelo, Jeconia Abonyo, Gathungu, Duncan Kioi, Moore, Stephen Edward, Nnaemeka, Stanley Aguegboh, and Simoes, Fernando
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BASIC reproduction number ,MONKEYPOX ,LATIN hypercube sampling ,LYAPUNOV stability ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
This study presents a deterministic mathematical model of monkeypox disease transmission dynamics with an age‐structured human population divided into two subgroups of children (Group 1) and adults (Group 2). Two equilibrium points, monkeypox‐free, E0, and a unique monkeypox‐endemic equilibrium point, E1, are established. The age‐structured monkeypox basic reproduction number, ℝ0, is computed using the next‐generation matrix approach and established to be ℝ0 = 1.2448. The Lyapunov functions are constructed; together with LaSalle's invariance principle, the monkeypox‐free equilibrium point, E0, is established to be globally asymptotically stable whenever ℝ0 ≤ 1, as confirmed by the Lyapunov stability method, and the monkeypox‐endemic equilibrium point, E1, is globally asymptotically stable whenever ℝ0 > 1. Sensitivity analysis of the threshold quantity ℝ0 is performed using the Latin hypercube sampling method and Pearson's partial rank correlation coefficient, and the results showed that the parameters β11, β22, μ, ν1, Λ1, ν2 were the most sensitive to the spread of monkeypox infection in an age‐structured population. It is, therefore, suggested that the rate of monkeypox infection can be reduced by ensuring that the rate of interaction between susceptible children and infected children and between susceptible adults and infected adults is minimized. Moreover, the spread of monkeypox infection can be curbed by emphasizing controls such as early diagnosis and treatment and hospitalization of critically ill infectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Review and Bibliographic Analysis of Metaheuristic Methods in Multicriteria Decision‐Making: A 45‐Year Perspective Across International, Latin American, and Colombian Contexts.
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Rocha, Christian Manuel Moreno, Benitez, Andres Santacruz, Buelvas, Daina Arenas, and Kumar, Kamal
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,ANALYTIC hierarchy process ,CLEAN energy ,LITERATURE reviews ,DECISION making - Abstract
This study performs a systematic review and analysis of research on the use of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods for more than 45 years. More than 34,468 documents related to MCDA were identified in more than 130 countries, with an annual increase of 14.15% in scientific production. India, China, and Iran lead in number of publications, covering about 35%. The universities with the most publications include Islamic Azad University and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The main journals in this field are Expert Systems With Applications, Sustainability, and Journal of Cleaner Production. The most prolific authors are Zavadskas, E.; Wang, J.; Tzeng, GH; Zavadskas, EK; and Kahraman, C. The most popular methods are TOPSIS, AHP (analytic hierarchy process), VIKOR, PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation), and ANP. LATAN, which includes countries such as Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, has increased the use of MCDA in recent years. Colombia has also shown a great interest in MCDA, especially in the selection of alternative energy sources and industrial suppliers. This method of literature review provides a comprehensive overview of research at MCDA and offers valuable information for future projects and studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. The Effect of Sociodemographic Factors on Female Educational Attainment: An Application of the Multipopulation Curie–Weiss Model.
- Author
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Ansah, Richard Kwame, Tawiah, Kassim, Asosega, Killian Asampana, Kwofie, Charles, Kumi, Williams, Yalley, Edward, and Kumar, Kamal
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DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,MARITAL status ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,SUSTAINABLE development ,TEENAGE pregnancy - Abstract
In recent times, there have been a lot of advocacies to encourage females of all ages to pursue education to the highest level. The Government of Ghana and its stakeholders have championed this to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 4 in this regard. However, progress has been on a snail's pace. In this study, we employed the multipopulation Curie–Weiss model to establish the influence of sociodemographic factors on the educational attainment of all females in Ghana. We utilized data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2008 and 2014). The parameters of the interacting and noninteracting multipopulation Curie–Weiss models were estimated using the partial least squares and ordinary least squares methods, respectively. Our findings suggest that marital status, place of residence, and wealth status of females in Ghana influence their educational attainment. Therefore, to get more females of all ages to attain higher levels of education, the Government of Ghana and its stakeholders should channel their efforts towards eradicating poverty at all levels, preventing early and teenage marriages, providing better infrastructure, and creating better living conditions for all females especially those in the poorest regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Modeling the Transmission Routes of Hepatitis E Virus as a Zoonotic Disease Using Fractional-Order Derivative.
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Osman, Shaibu, Lassong, Binandam Stephen, Dasumani, Munkaila, Boateng, Ernest Yeboah, Onsongo, Winnie Mokeira, Diallo, Boubacar, and Makinde, Oluwole Daniel
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HEPATITIS E virus ,ZOONOSES ,VIRUS diseases ,PUBLIC health ,SWINE - Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the emerging zoonotic diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. Domestic pigs are considered to be the main reservoir for this infectious disease. A third of the world's population is thought to have been exposed to the virus. The zoonotic transmission of the HEV raises serious zoonotic and food safety concerns for the general public. This is a major public health issue in both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 44,000 people died in 2015 as a result of HEV infection. East and South Asia have the highest prevalence of this disease overall. In this study, we proposed, developed, and analyzed the transmission routes of the infection using a fractional-order derivative approach. The existence, stability, and uniqueness of solutions were established using the approach and concept in Banach space. Local and global stability was determined using the Hyers–Ulam (HU) stability approach. Numerical simulation was conducted using existing parameter values, and it was established that, as the susceptible human population declines, the number of infected human populations rises with a change in fractional order θ ^. When the susceptible pig population increases, the number of infected pig populations rises with a change in θ ^. It was observed that a few variations in the fractional derivative order did not alter the function's overall behavior with the results of numerical simulations. Moreover, as the number of recovered human populations increases, there is a corresponding increase in the population of recovered pigs with a change in θ ^. The exponential increase in the infected pig population can be controlled by treatment of the infected pigs and prevention of the susceptible pigs. The authors recommend policymakers, and stakeholders prioritize the fight against the virus by enforcing the prevention of humans and treatment of infected pigs. The model can be extended to optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the most effective control strategy that comes with less cost in the combat of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. On a Stochastic Approach to Extensions of the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) Model Applied to Malaria.
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Drabo, Abdoul Karim, Bere, Frédéric, and Nitiema, S. P. Clovis
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MALARIA ,BASIC reproduction number ,INSECTICIDE application ,INSECTICIDES ,MOSQUITO nets ,MARKOV processes - Abstract
This work presents a stochastic model of malaria spread. We first calculated the basic reproduction number R 0 of the models S h I h R h S h ‐ S v I v and S h L h I h R h S h ‐ S v L v I v in order to show that the malaria-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable; then, we used a finite Markov chain model to describe the interactions between the different compartments of the model S e L e I e R e S e ‐ S a L a I a R a S a ‐ S v I v . We carried out numerical simulations of our results for two types of transmission zones: a zone with low malaria transmission and an endemic zone. Through these simulations, we first determined the invariant stationary distribution π ∗ of the model, and then, we found that the use of the indoor residual spraying (IRS) method by regular application of insecticides is more effective for the elimination of malaria than the use of long-acting impregnated mosquito nets (LLINs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Fitted Tension Spline Scheme for a Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Problem With Time Delay.
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Tesfaye, Sisay Ketema, Duressa, Gemechis File, Dinka, Tekle Gemechu, and Woldaregay, Mesfin Mekuria
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SPLINES ,BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) ,UNIFORM spaces ,DELAY differential equations - Abstract
A fitted tension spline numerical scheme for a singularly perturbed parabolic problem (SPPP) with time delay is proposed. The presence of a small parameter ε as a multiple of the diffusion term leads to the suddenly changing behaviors of the solution in the boundary layer region. This results in a challenging duty to solve the problem analytically. Classical numerical methods cause spurious nonphysical oscillations unless an unacceptable number of mesh points is considered, which requires a large computational cost. To overcome this drawback, a numerical method comprising the backward Euler scheme in the time direction and the fitted spline scheme in the space direction on uniform meshes is proposed. To establish the stability and uniform convergence of the proposed method, an extensive amount of analysis is carried out. Three numerical examples are considered to validate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed scheme. It is proved that the proposed scheme is uniformly convergent of order one in both space and time. Further, the boundary layer behaviors of the solutions are given graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Tensor z-Transform.
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Chang, Shih Yu and Wu, Hsiao-Chun
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CAUCHY integrals ,MIMO systems ,SYSTEM analysis ,IMPULSE response ,PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback - Abstract
The multi-input multioutput (MIMO) systems involving multirelational signals generated from distributed sources have been emerging as the most generalized model in practice. The existing work for characterizing such a MIMO system is to build a corresponding transform tensor, each of whose entries turns out to be the individual z -transform of a discrete-time impulse response sequence. However, when a MIMO system has a global feedback mechanism, which also involves multirelational signals, the aforementioned individual z -transforms of the overall transfer tensor are quite difficult to formulate. Therefore, a new mathematical framework to govern both feedforward and feedback MIMO systems is in crucial demand. In this work, we define the tensor z -transform to characterize a MIMO system involving multirelational signals as a whole rather than the individual entries separately, which is a novel concept for system analysis. To do so, we extend Cauchy's integral formula and Cauchy's residue theorem from scalars to arbitrary-dimensional tensors, and then, to apply these new mathematical tools, we establish to undertake the inverse tensor z -transform and approximate the corresponding discrete-time tensor sequences. Our proposed new tensor z -transform in this work can be applied to design digital tensor filters including infinite-impulse-response (IIR) tensor filters (involving global feedback mechanisms) and finite-impulse-response (FIR) tensor filters. Finally, numerical evaluations are presented to demonstrate certain interesting phenomena of the new tensor z -transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Bifurcation Analysis of the Dynamics in COVID-19 Transmission through Living and Nonliving Media.
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Wiraya, Ario, Fitriana, Laila, Triyanto, Adi, Yudi Ari, Kusumadewi, Yuvita Andriani, and Khoirunnisa, Sarah
- Abstract
Transmission of COVID-19 occurs either through living media, such as interaction with a sufferer, or nonliving objects contaminated with the virus. Recovering sufferers and disinfectant spraying prevent interaction between people and virus become the treatment to overcome it. In this research, we formulate a new mathematical model as a three-dimensional ordinary differential equation system representing an interaction between viruses attached in nonliving media, susceptible, and infected subpopulations, including the treatment to investigate its effect. Disease-free, sterile-media endemic, and two nonsterile media endemic equilibriums exist in the model. The nonexistence of sterile-media equilibria interpreting the nonendemic condition is achieved by crossing the branch point bifurcation of the equilibria point as the infected subpopulation recovery rate increases. Continuation of the limit cycle generated at a Hopf bifurcation point as susceptible-coronavirus interaction prevention rate and period increase trigger two saddle-node bifurcations and a branch point bifurcation of cycle. Stable symmetric cycles with decreasing amplitude that make the dynamic of subpopulation easier to control start to be gained at the branch point bifurcation of cycle between the two saddle-node bifurcation points as the prevention rate increases. Some chaotic attractors which describe a complex and unpredictable pattern of the dynamic in the population are also found at inclination flip bifurcation by a continuation of a homoclinic orbit generated near the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation point as the prevention rate increases while the recovery rate decreases. Increasing the recovery and prevention rate along with avoiding an increase of the prevention rate while the recovery rate decreases becomes the treatment to optimize the effort in overcoming COVID-19 transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Application of Improved WOA in Hammerstein Parameter Resolution Problems under Advanced Mathematical Theory.
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Zhao, Lu, Liu, Jiangjun, and Li, Yuan
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METAHEURISTIC algorithms ,SEARCH algorithms ,SYSTEM identification ,NONLINEAR systems ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,IDENTIFICATION - Abstract
With the development of industrial demand, precise identification of system models is currently required in the field of industrial control, which limits the whale search algorithm. In response to the fact that whale optimization algorithms are prone to falling into local optima and the identification of important Hammerstein models ignores the issue of noise outliers in actual industrial environments, this study improves the whale algorithm and constructs a Hammerstein model identification strategy for nonlinear systems under heavy-tailed noise using the improved whale algorithm. Results showed that it had a lower rank average and an average success rate of 95.65%. It found the global optimum when the number of iterations reached around 150 and had faster convergence speed and accuracy. In identifying Hammerstein model under heavy-tailed noise, the average prediction recognition accuracy of the improved whale algorithm was 92.38%, the determination coefficient was 0.89, the percentage fitting error was 0.03, and the system error was 0.02. This research achievement has certain value in the field of industrial control and can serve as a technical reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
36. Modelling Hysteresis in Shape Memory Alloys Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network.
- Author
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Zakerzadeh, Mohammad Reza, Naseri, Seyedkeivan, and Naseri, Payam
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SHAPE memory alloys ,RECURRENT neural networks ,HYSTERESIS loop ,HYSTERESIS ,STANDARD deviations ,LOADING & unloading - Abstract
The complex behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs), characterized by hysteresis and nonlinear dynamics, results in complex constitutive equations. To circumvent the complexity of solving these equations, a black box neural network (NN) has been employed in this research to model a rotary actuator actuated by an SMA wire. Considering the historical dependence of the pulley's rotational angle on the applied voltage, a recurrent neural network (RNN) is suitable for capturing past information. Specifically, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is selected due to its ability to address issues encountered in standard recurrent networks. There are major drawbacks with modelling hysteresis with NNs that do not account for historical behavior. Traditional NNs, characterized by a one-to-one mapping, struggle to capture hysteresis loops wherein system behavior varies during loading and unloading cycles. Therefore, a single-tag data is used to determine the loading or unloading state, but tag signal causes discontinuity in network and omits various aspects of hysteresis in SMA, particularly within minor loops. In contrast, NNs incorporating past data to predict hysteresis behavior alleviate the need for tag data. However, such networks tend to have complex structures with a substantial number of neurons to effectively capture the inherent nonlinearity in SMAs. The long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network employed in this research, characterized by a simpler structure, achieves high accuracy in predicting hysteresis in SMAs without the need for tag data. In the proposed LSTM model, data related to the pulley's rotational angle and the wire's applied voltage from the current moment and the two previous moments serve as input. The data passes through a layer comprising three LSTM cells, and the output from the last LSTM cell is fed into a fully connected layer to predict the pulley's rotational angle for the next moment. Training data are obtained by applying voltage at various frequencies and formats to the SMA wire while simultaneously recording the pulley's angle with an encoder. Evaluation of the LSTM model is conducted in two configurations: online prediction (one-step ahead) and offline prediction (multistep ahead). In the online configuration where the model uses encoder data as angular inputs, the root mean square error (RMSE) of predictions for various input voltages is significantly low at about 0.1 degrees where the maximum rotational angle of pulley is 8 degrees. In the offline configuration when using the model's predictions as angular inputs instead of encoder data, the RMSE rises to 0.3 degrees. To provide a clear demonstration of the LSTM model's ability in this particular configuration, a comparison has been conducted between LSTM model and a rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii (RDPI) hysteresis model for predicting the pulley's angle. The LSTM model outperforms the RDPI model by 70% in terms of accuracy. Overall, the LSTM model demonstrates capability in effectively modeling SMA hysteresis in both online and offline configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Intelligent Optimization Model of Enterprise Financial Account Receivable Management.
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Peng, Yunxiang and Tian, Guixian
- Subjects
ACCOUNTS receivable ,FINANCIAL risk ,FINANCIAL management ,BUSINESS enterprises ,CREDIT risk - Abstract
As a key component of enterprise assets, accounts receivable play an important role in enterprise financial management and determine the long-term development of enterprises in the later period. In order to minimize the financial risk brought by the credit sales of enterprises, this subject studies the intelligent optimization of enterprise financial account receivable management. BP neural network and K -means clustering algorithm are used to evaluate the risk of account receivable and the owner's credit, respectively. The account balance accounts for 45.20% of the total amount, and the risk rating of accounts receivable is 4. The training result of BP neural network algorithm has high accuracy. With K -means clustering algorithm, accurate evaluation of owner's credit can be achieved, which can provide reference for optimization of enterprise account receivable management mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Fractional-Order Model for Evolution of Bovine Tuberculosis with Vaccination and Contaminated Environment.
- Author
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Diallo, Boubacar, Okelo, Jeconia Abonyo, Osman, Shaibu, Karanja, Simon, and Aguegboh, Nnaemeka Stanley
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TUBERCULOSIS in cattle ,TUBERCULOSIS vaccines ,ZOONOSES ,ANIMAL populations ,POLLUTION ,CATTLE herding - Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is commonly transmitted via inhaling aerosols, drinking unpasteurized milk, and eating raw meat. We use a fractional-order model with the Caputo sense to examine the evolution of bovine tuberculosis transmission in human and animal populations, including a vaccine compartment for humans. We derived and obtained the threshold quantity R 0 to ascertain the illness state. We established conditions guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the equilibria (locally and globally). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the factors that govern the dynamics of tuberculosis. The study demonstrates that the rate of human-to-animal transmission of tuberculosis and environmental pollution and the rate of bTB transmission between animals all affect tuberculosis transmission. However, as vaccination rates increase and fewer individuals consume contaminated environment products (such as meat, milk, and other dairy products), the disease becomes less common in humans. To manage bovine TB, it is advised that information programmes be implemented, the environment be monitored, infected persons be treated, contaminated animals be vaccinated, and contaminated animals be quarantined. The usefulness of the discovered theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
39. A Decision-Making Approach Incorporating TODIM Method and Sine Entropy in q-Rung Picture Fuzzy Set Setting.
- Author
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Aydoğan, Büşra, Olgun, Murat, Smarandache, Florentin, and Ünver, Mehmet
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FUZZY sets ,ENTROPY ,CONSTRUCTION project management ,UNCERTAIN systems ,DECISION making ,FUZZY decision making ,SINE function ,MULTIPLE criteria decision making - Abstract
In this study, we propose a new approach based on fuzzy TODIM (Portuguese acronym for interactive and multicriteria decision-making) for decision-making problems in uncertain environments. Our method incorporates group utility and individual regret, which are often ignored in traditional multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. To enhance the analysis and application of fuzzy sets in decision-making processes, we introduce novel entropy and distance measures for q -rung picture fuzzy sets. These measures include an entropy measure based on the sine function and a distance measure derived from the Jensen-Shannon divergence. In our methodology, incorporating the sine function into the entropy measure stands out as a distinctive decision, grounded in a profound understanding of the inherent characteristics of fuzzy sets. Utilizing the sine function proves especially advantageous when handling fuzzy sets that exhibit cyclical variations or fluctuations in their membership degrees. We effectively weight the criteria for an improved evaluation by using this new entropy measure. The introduced distance measure finds application in the TODIM approach, allowing the execution of TODIM method steps within a fuzzy environment until the determination of one alternative's dominance over another—an advancement beyond traditional approaches. We apply our enhanced fuzzy TODIM method to a real-life construction project management problem from the literature and compare the results with those in the literature and obtained from other MCDM methods. Our proposed measures are robust, as demonstrated by the sensitivity analysis that varied the weights of group utility and individual regret, with the results visualized in a 3D sensitivity plot. The findings demonstrate the superiority of our method in providing a more comprehensive evaluation of alternatives, making it a useful tool for decision-makers facing complex and uncertain decision-making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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40. Performance Analysis of Thermal and Surface Roughness Effect of Slider Bearings with Unsteady Fluid Film Lubricant Using Finite Element Method.
- Author
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Tessema, Girma Desu, Derese, Getachew Adamu, and Tiruneh, Awoke Andargie
- Subjects
FLUID-film bearings ,SURFACE roughness ,FINITE element method ,UNSTEADY flow ,SURFACE analysis ,FRICTION - Abstract
The streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) finite element method was used in this study to investigate the thermal and surface roughness effects on an inclined slider bearing with an unsteady fluid film. One-dimensional transverse and longitudinal surface roughness models were considered with the supposition that roughness is stochastic and has a Gaussian random distribution. For simplicity of numerical computation, the irregularity caused by the texture of the surface is transformed into a regular domain. The bearing performance of the combined effect is lower than the thermal and surface roughness effects of the one-dimensional longitudinal surface roughness for all modified Reynolds numbers of nonparallel slider bearings; this means that for nonparallel (w = 0.4) between the surface roughness effect and the combined effect condition, there is a decrease of 13% in load-carrying capacity performance and a minimal change in friction force, respectively. However, in the case of nonparallel one-dimensional transverse type slider bearings, the bearing performance of the thermal effect is lower than the combined and surface roughness effects for all modified Reynolds numbers, where between the combined effect and the thermal effect condition, there is a reduction of 19% in load-carrying capacity performance and 2% in friction force practically for all changed Reynolds values, respectively. Furthermore, the combined effects at various temperatures have been investigated. As a result, in both longitudinal and transverse models, in the case of the pad temperature being lower than the slider, the load-carrying capacity performance is higher than in other cases for nonparallel slider bearings, whereas when the slider temperature is lower than the pad temperature, the drag frictional force is the leading one in both models. In general, considering surface texture and inertial effects will increase the performance of a slider. The results obtained are displayed using figures and tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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41. A Mathematical Model for the Dynamics of Onchocerciasis With Vector Control and Mass Drug Administration
- Author
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Martin Karuhanga and Victor Yiga
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the transmission dynamics of onchocerciasis with asymptomatic infected humans using a mathematical model. The model incorporates interventions for treatment and vector control to evaluate the impact of these strategies. We analyse the model to determine the existence and stability of equilibrium points. Our results reveal that for the disease to persist in the community, the infection rate must exceed the sum of the treatment rate and the per capita death rate due to the disease. Sensitivity analysis highlights the critical role of the blackfly vector’s average daily biting rate in disease transmission. Numerical simulations indicate that administering highly effective drugs to infected individuals significantly reduces the number of cases. Therefore, in addition to vector control, the use of highly efficient drugs is crucial for controlling the transmission of river blindness.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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42. Better Approximation Properties by New Modified Baskakov Operators
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Ahmed F. Jabbar and Amal K. Hassan
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Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
This paper introduces a new idea to obtain a better order of approximation for the Baskakov operator. We conclude two new operators from orders one and two of the Baskakov type. Also, we prove some directed results concerning the rate of convergence of these operators. We apply the Maple software to demonstrate how the operators converge to a specific function.
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- 2024
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43. Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Disease Dynamics With Contact Tracing: A Case Study in Ethiopia
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Shimelis Bekele Zerefe, Tigabu Kasie Ayele, and Surafel Luleseged Tilahun
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Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, we developed a mathematical model for the dynamics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission. The model embraces the notion of contact tracing and contaminated surfaces which are vital for disease control and contribute to disease transmission, respectively. We analyzed the model properties such as the positivity of the solution, invariant region, existence, and stability nature of equilibria. Besides, we computed the basic reproduction number R0. The local stability and the global stability of disease-free equilibrium (DFE) points are proved by using the Routh–Hurwitz criteria and the Castillo-Chavez and Song approach, respectively. LaSalle’s invariant principle is applied to prove the stability of an endemic equilibrium (EE) point. The possibility of bifurcation is discussed using the center manifold theory. We used real data on the spread and control of COVID-19 disease in Ethiopia. Based on the data reported, we estimated the values of the parameters using the least squares method together with the fmin function in the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The sensitivity analysis of the model is explored numerically to illustrate the impact of the parameters on disease transmission. The study addressed that contact tracing is especially important because COVID-19 often has asymptomatic carriers, and there are many asymptomatic individuals unaware in Ethiopia. The new infections would decrease in the communities by detecting and isolating COVID-19 cases before they could spread the virus to others. Moreover, the study endorsed that the contaminated surface has contributed to disease transmission. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the rate of disinfected contaminated objects (ϕ) rises, then the transmission of the disease is reduced. Consequently, this study will aid in the fight against COVID-19 policymakers and NGOs. It can also be used as a policy input for different countries under this crisis. Because of the mathematical modeling of this global pandemic, there is another point of view rather than public health research outputs. Additionally, with the concept of contact tracing and contaminated surfaces incorporated into the model, the result provides insight for disease prevention.
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- 2024
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44. Fractional Integration via Picard Method for Solving Fractional Differential-Algebraic Systems
- Author
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Susan H. Mohammad and Abdulghafor Mohammed Al-Rozbayani
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, we applied an efficient integrative method called the fractional Picard method to find the approximate solution to a system of fractional algebraic differential equations (SFADEs). By comparing the results with the exact solution, it was found that this method is highly efficient for finding solutions. Also, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to speed up the approximate solutions when choosing the best values for the fractional derivative, which increased the efficiency of Picard’s fractional integral method in finding the best solutions. The MATLAB program was used to find approximate solutions.
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- 2024
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45. Graphs Connected to Isotopes of Inverse Property Quasigroups: A Few Applications
- Author
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Muhammad Nadeem, Sharafat Ali, and Md. Ashraful Alam
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Many real-world applications can be modelled as graphs or networks, including social networks and biological networks. The theory of algebraic combinatorics provides tools to analyze the functioning of these networks, and it also contributes to the understanding of complex systems and their dynamics. Algebraic methods help uncover hidden patterns and properties that may not be immediately apparent in a visual representation of a graph. In this paper, we introduce left and right inverse graphs associated with finite loop structures and two mappings, P-edge labeling and V-edge labeling, of Latin squares. Moreover, this work includes some structural and graphical results of the commutator subloop, nucleus, and loop isotopes of inverse property quasigroups.
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- 2024
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46. A Knee Point-Driven Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Adaptive Switching Mechanism
- Author
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Maowei He, Xu Wang, Hanning Chen, and Xuguang Li
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
The Pareto dominance-based evolutionary algorithms can effectively address multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, when dealing with many-objective optimization problems with more than three objectives (MaOPs), the Pareto dominance relationships cannot effectively distinguish the nondominated solutions in high-dimensional spaces. With the increase of the number of objectives, the proportion of dominance-resistant solutions (DRSs) in the population rapidly increases, which leads to insufficient selection pressure. In this paper, to address the challenges on MaOPs, a knee point-driven many-objective evolutionary algorithm with adaptive switching mechanism (KPEA) is proposed. In KPEA, the knee points determined by an adaptive strategy are introduced for not only mating selection but also environmental selection, which increases the probability of generating excellent offspring. In addition, to remove dominance-resistant solutions (DRSs) in the population, an interquartile range method is adopted, which enhances the selection pressure. Moreover, a novel adaptive switching mechanism between angle-based selection and penalty for selecting solutions is proposed, which is aimed at achieving a balance between convergence and diversity. To validate the performance of KPEA, it is compared with five state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms. All algorithms are evaluated on 20 benchmark problems, i.e., WFG1-9, MaF1, and MaF4-13 with 3, 5, 8, and 10 objectives. The experimental results demonstrate that KPEA outperforms the compared algorithms in terms of HV and IGD in most of the test instances.
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- 2024
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47. Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Immiscible Jeffrey Fluids Through a Horizontal Porous Cylinder
- Author
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Yitagesu Daba and Gosa Gadisa
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
This paper investigates the steady and fully developed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of two nonmiscible Jeffrey fluids in a horizontal cylinder filled with a homogenous porous medium. A constant pressure gradient drives the flow in both regions, and a uniform magnetic field is applied transversely to the flow direction. Instead of the usual no-slip condition, the linear Navier slip is used as a boundary condition on the cylinder’s surface, whereas the usual continuity conditions of velocity and shear stress are presumed at the fluid–fluid interface. The equations describing the problem under consideration are mathematically formulated and transformed into nondimensional forms with the proper choice of nondimensional variables. Analytical solutions have been obtained by solving the transformed equations of motion. The effects of different nondimensional parameters involved in the flow problem, including the magnetic number, Jeffrey parameter, Darcy number, ratio of viscosities, Reynolds number, slip parameter, and pressure gradient, on the velocity in each region are studied, and the results are exhibited graphically. In addition, numerical values for stress at the wall and volume flow rates are calculated for various fluid parameters and shown in tables. It is noticed that an increase in the values of the magnetic number and viscosity ratio reduces the velocity of the fluid, whereas increasing the Jeffrey parameters, Darcy number, Reynolds number, slip parameter, and pressure gradient enhances fluid velocity. Furthermore, the most favorable agreement was observed between the results of this study and the results of the previous studies.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Sequential Conformable Langevin-Type Differential Equations and Their Applications to the RLC Electric Circuit Problems
- Author
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M. Aydin and N. I. Mahmudov
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, the sequential conformable Langevin-type differential equation is studied. A representation of a solution consisting of the newly defined conformable bivariate Mittag-Leffler function to its nonhomogeneous and linear version is obtained via the conformable Laplace transforms’ technique. Also, existence and uniqueness of a global solution to its nonlinear version are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are shown with respect to the weighted norm defined in compliance with (conformable) exponential function. The concept of the Ulam–Hyers stability of solutions is debated based on the fixed-point approach. The LRC electrical circuits are presented as an application to the described system. Simulated and numerical instances are offered to instantiate our abstract findings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Symmetric Encryption Algorithms in a Polynomial Residue Number System
- Author
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I. Yakymenko, M. Karpinski, R. Shevchuk, and M. Kasianchuk
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper, we develop the theoretical provisions of symmetric cryptographic algorithms based on the polynomial residue number system for the first time. The main feature of the proposed approach is that when reconstructing the polynomial based on the method of undetermined coefficients, multiplication is performed not on the found base numbers but on arbitrarily selected polynomials. The latter, together with pairwise coprime residues of the residue class system, serve as the keys of the cryptographic algorithm. Schemes and examples of the implementation of the developed polynomial symmetric encryption algorithm are presented. The analytical expressions of the cryptographic strength estimation are constructed, and their graphical dependence on the number of modules and polynomial powers is presented. Our studies show that the cryptanalysis of the proposed algorithm requires combinatorial complexity, which leads to an NP-complete problem.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mathematical Modeling of the Transmission Dynamics of Gumboro Disease
- Author
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J. S. Musaili, I. Chepkwony, and W. N. Mutuku
- Subjects
Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
Gumboro disease is a viral poultry disease that causes immune suppression on the infected birds leading to poor production, mortality, and exposure to secondary infections, hence a major threat in the poultry industry worldwide. A mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of Gumboro disease is developed in this paper having four compartments of chicken population and one compartment of Gumboro pathogen population. The basic reproduction number Rog is derived, and the dynamical behaviors of both the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium are analyzed using the ordinary differential equation theory. From the analysis, we found that the system exhibits an asymptotic stable DFE whenever Rog1. The numerical simulation to verify the theoretical results was carried out using MATLAB ode45 solver, and the results were found to be consistent with the theoretical findings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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