Search

Gumboro disease is a viral poultry disease that causes immune suppression on the infected birds leading to poor production, mortality, and exposure to secondary infections, hence a major threat in the poultry industry worldwide. A mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of Gumboro disease is developed in this paper having four compartments of chicken population and one compartment of Gumboro pathogen population. The basic reproduction number R og is derived, and the dynamical behaviors of both the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium are analyzed using the ordinary differential equation theory. From the analysis, we found that the system exhibits an asymptotic stable DFE whenever R og < 1 and an asymptotic stable EE whenever R og > 1. The numerical simulation to verify the theoretical results was carried out using MATLAB ode45 solver, and the results were found to be consistent with the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giardiasis is among the ignored zoonotic illnesses accorded by the World Health Organization that is caused by Giardia duodenalis. The disease is ignored regardless of the harm it causes to people and other creatures. In this paper, a mathematical model for giardiasis illness transmission is formed, which considers sickness carriers and control measures such as screening, treatment, and sanitation of the environment around people. In the assessment, the basic reproduction number, R 0 , which is used for analyzing the local stability of the equilibria is determined using the state-of-the-art next-generation matrix, while the Metzler constancy speculation is used to show the overall adequacy of the global stability of the equilibrium point free from the disease. In addition, a Lyapunov function has been used to study the stability of the endemic equilibrium point. The assessment of parameters is performed to explore the limits that significantly influence the transmission components of the disease disorders using the normalizing sensitivity index method. The result revealed that the recruitment rate is the most sensitive limit to the reproduction number. The environment-human interaction parameter is the second influential factor in the transmission of giardiasis in the community. In the same manner, the outcomes recommend that carriers assume an expected part in the rate of giardiasis subsequently; disregarding them could risk endeavors to control the pestilence. Besides, the mathematical recreation of the model shows that a mix of each of the three interventions fundamentally affects the control of giardiasis. In this way, we advise implementing the strategies simultaneously in endemic areas to effectively stop the spread of the giardiasis disease in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a continuous mathematical model that describes the spread of multistrains COVID-19 virus among humans: susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, hospitalized, and recovered individuals. The positivity and boundedness of the system solution are provided in order to get the well posedness of the proposed model. Secondly, three controls are considered in our model to minimize the multistrain spread of the disease, namely, vaccination, security campaigns, social distancing measures, and diagnosis. Furthermore, the optimal control problem and related optimality conditions of the Pontryagin type are discussed with the objective to minimize the number of infected individuals. Finally, numerical simulations are performed in the case of two strains of COVID-19 and with four control strategies. By using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) method, we show that combining vaccination with diagnosis provides the most cost-effective strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors proposed a nonlinear deterministic model and stability analysis for the transmission dynamics of chewing khat. The model's solution is proved to be positive and bounded, and the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) is calculated using the next-generation matrix method. Following that, the authors have looked at the local and global stability of the model's khat-free and endemic equilibrium points. When R 0 < 1 , the chewing khat-free equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable, whereas when R 0 > 1 , the endemic equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable. The simulation results demonstrate the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a deterministic mathematical model that explains the transmission dynamics of corruption is proposed and analyzed by considering social influence on honest individuals. Positivity and boundedness of solution of the model are proved and basic reproduction number R 0 is computed using the next-generation matrix method. The analysis shows that corruption-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever R 0 < 1. Also, the endemic equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever R 0 > 1. Then, the model was extended to optimal control, and some numerical simulations with and without optimal control are also performed to verify the theoretical analysis using MATLAB. Numerical simulation of optimal control model shows that the prevention and punishment strategy is the most effective strategy to reduce the dynamic transmission of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]