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(1) Problems associated with Simulium damnosum s.l. population dynamics and control are discussed in relation to the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin. (2) Nulliparous and parous biting rates were observed during the recolonization of Gréchan rapids when larvicide applications were interrupted for 3 months during the dry season. (3) A new method of data analysis is proposed and used to estimate population parameters. (4) A new mathematical model of recolonization is proposed which mimics the key features of the process. The model is used to simulate the effect of larvicide and could form the basis for an investigation of alternative management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]