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The results of numerous medical studies and kinesiology research show the existence of differences in the lung function with reference to age, body height and the ratio of certain parameters of body composition. The aim of this research is to determine the status of morphological characteristics and the lung function with the pilots of Montenegro Army. The sample of examinees consisted of 30 military pilots of the age 36.3±11. The sample of measures was made of 4 indicators for the assessment of longitudinal dimension, transverse dimension, body mass and volume, subcutaneous fat, body composition and lung function. Central and dispersion variables parameters were calculated. The specificities of the body height of pilots as well as the excessiveness in their body weight were calculated, while the parameters of lung volumes and capacities and the parameters of the flow of respiratory passageways have shown the satisfactory condition of their respiratory function. In addition, it was shown that the pilots are soldiers without individual medical risks in the sense of obesity appearance or obstructive ventilation disturbances. The obtained results indicate the need to conduct research in which the effect of certain morphological measures and parameters of the pilot’s body composition to their lung function would be dominantly studied. In that way we would obtain significant data both for the military organisation in the sense of promoting the training system and realization of target tasks, and for the kinesiology science from the aspect of determining certain regularities of the functioning of human body in specific life and work conditions in the army.

The aim of this research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the anthropological status of young football players in relation to chronological age within one calendar year. The sample consisted of a total of 50 male respondents, Technical School “Mihajlo Pupin” students from the municipality of Indjija. The sample was divided into two subsamples according to chronological age (born by June 30, 2005; born July 1, 2005 and later). The students are also members of the football club in which they train. By examining the morphological characteristics, data were obtained in the following variables: body height, body mass and body mass index. Static and explosive power testing data were obtained in the following variables: standing long jump, bent arm hang and running 30 meters. It was concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between young football players of different chronological ages in anthropological status. No differences were found in the total space of tested and measured variables (MANOVA) nor in the individual space (ANOVA). The research included two anthropological spaces, morphological and motor, and none of them showed differences between young football players of different chronological ages. Out of a total of six measured and tested variables, the only variable that was on the border of the difference between the groups was running 30 meters, which may indicate that different explosive power of the lower extremities between the two tested groups, in this case, in favor of the younger group.

The goal of this research was to determine the differences in the morphological characteristics and body composition among the top football players of the two clubs, Bosnia and Herzegovinian football club Zrinjski Mostar and Kosovian football club Besa Peje. A sample of 46 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 players of CSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champion of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 18 players of FC Besa Peje of the average age of 21.83±3.17, the winner of Kosovo Cup in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, body mass index, fat percentage and muscle mass. The differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of CSC Zrinjski and FC Besa Peje have statistically significant differences by the three variables that estimate the body weight, waist circumference and muscle mass.

This study aimed to consolidate body height, body weight, and body mass index data of the entire young male population from the Municipality of Cetinje in order to estimate trends from 1979 to 1987. The sample of respondents includes 2119 young males divided into nine groups: 183 respondents born in 1961, 361 respondents born in 1962, 300 respondents born in 1963, 162 respondents born in 1964, 155 respondents born in 1965, 258 respondents born in 1966, 218 respondents born in 1967, 234 respondents born in 1968, and 248 respondents born in 1969. The measurement sample includes body height, body weight, and body mass index calculated based on two previous measures. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean and standard deviation for each variable, while the analysis of nutrition status was done based on body mass index (underweight, normal weight, pre-obese, obese). The results showed that a secular trend in the observed study period is not visible regarding body height and body weight, while it is observable for the body mass index. Therefore, this study will contribute to complementing knowledge about changes in average body height values of young Montenegrins in the previous 120 years and in that way, more precisely monitor the emergence of a secular trend.

Kinesiologists have long ago noticed the great importance of determining and comparing parameters of growth and development in certain age of school children and youth. The aim of the research is to determine eventual existence of statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics between students younger school age from Niksic (Central region of Montenegro) and Mojkovac (Northern region of Montenegro). The research has been performed on a sample of 101 students divided into two groups: 60 students from the second and and third grade of the Primary school “Jagos Kontic” from Niksic and 41 students from the second and and third grade of the Primary school “Aleksa Djilas Beco” from Mojkovac. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. The significance of the differences between students from Niksic and Mojkovac was determinated by t-test for small independent samples. Statistically significant differences in favor of students from Mojkovac have been established in certain morphological parameters. The obtained results of research confirm the need to perform a more comprehensive research based on the comparision of the morphological indicators of students from different parts of Montenegro.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between some morphological characteristics and the body mass index and the distance achieved in shot put. The sample of this study consisted of twenty-one students from Department of Physical Education at Sultan Qaboos University. Morphological characteristics namely body height, legs length, arms length, trunk length, and body weight. Body mass index was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Distance achieved in shot put also was measured. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as mean (SD) for each variable, while the simple correlation was carried out to detect the relationships between the morphological characteristics, the body mass index and the distance achieved in shot put. The analysis of the data indicates that the distance achieved in shot put was significantly correlated with body height, legs length, arms length and trunk length, while the distance achieved in shot put was not significantly correlated with body weight and body mass index.

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics of junior handball and volleyball players from the Serbian National League as well as to make a comparison between them. 61 male athletes were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: 15 handball players, 14 volleyball players and 32 healthy sedentary subjects. The variables sample included 20 anthropometric measures that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and mass of the body, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect differences between group. The results showed that a significant difference was found in variables body height, body weight, elbow diameter, thigh skinfold, calf skinfold, but no significant difference was found in the remaining 15 variables. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the process of talent identification.

The results of kineziology research in the armed forces of the region and world indicate the existence of differences in morphological and functional space of soldiers compared to ethnographical area, age, military speciality and formation arrangement. The aim of this research is to determine the status and possible differences in morphological and functional characteristics with recruits and professional soldiers of Montenegro Armed Forces. The sample of examinees was made of 50 soldiers being 18-25 years old, divided into two groups: 25 recruits from the Training Center in Danilovgrad and 25 professional soldiers of the Navy and Infantry Battalion of Montenegro Armed Forces. The sample of measures was made of the following morphological and functional indicators: body height, body mass, waist size, hips size, chest size, thigh size, forearm size, abdomen skinfold, chest skinfold, thigh skinfold, body mass index, body fluid percentage, waist-hip ratio, forced volume vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow. The central and dispersion parameters of variables have been calculated, and for determining the differences in morphological and functional characteristics, the t-test has been applied for small independent samples. Statistically significant differences between the sub-samples of examinees have been determined in the morphological variables of waist size and forearm size, therefore it has been concluded that there’s a high coincidence with the majority of morphological and functional parameters. The stated results confirm the need to conduct the research in Montenegro Armed Forces, in order to examine the status and possible existence of morphological and functional differences of soldiers with reference to their age, branch of armed services and military specialty.

This research aimed to determine the differences among the top soccer players of a club in Bosnia and Herzegovina, FC Siroki Brijeg, and the top soccer players of a club in Kosovo, FC Trepca ´89, in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 37 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample consisted of 22 players FC Siroki Brijeg, the average age of 24.00±6.22, the winner of the Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 15 players of FC Trepca ´89 of the average age of 21.80±3.57, the champions of the Kosovo Championship in the season 2016/17. Soccer players were tested immediately after the end of the 2016/17 competition season. Morphological characteristics were evaluated using a battery of seven variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, skinfold of the back, and abdominal skinfold. The body composition was evaluated using a battery of three variables: body mass index, fat percentage, and muscle mass. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two soccer clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined using a t-test for independent samples. The t-test results showed a statistically significant difference only in one variable triceps skinfold.

Kinesiologists have long ago noticed the great importance of determining and comparing parameters of growth and development in certain age of school children and youth. The aim of the research is to determine eventual existence of statistically signifi cant diff erences in morphological characteristics and and body mass index with boys and girls of younger school age. The research has been performed on a sample of 60 students divided into two groups: 32 boys and 28 girls from the second and and third grade of the Primary school “Jagos Kontic” from Nikšić. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. The values of the body mass index have been calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between gender was determinated by t-test for small independent samples. Signifi cant diff erences have been established in the body height and waist circumference in favour of boys. The obtained data about nourishment based on the body mass index (BMI) indicate a high percentage of normal nutritional status for the complete sample of the examinees. The obtained results of research confi rm the need to perform a more comprehensive research of morphological indicators in this age.

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological characteristics and body composition of the basketball players from elite ranking of the competition Montenegro and Serbia as well as to make comparation between them. Forty-eight males were enrolled in the study, divided into two groups: twenty-four senior players from the First Basketball League of Montenegro and twenty-four senior players from the Serbian Superleague. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, arm span and length of the leg. Body composition were evaluated by a battery of two variables: body mass index and fat percentage of body. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between the Second League basketball players from Montenegro and Serbia was determined by a t-test for small independent samples . The results showed that a signifi cant diff erences was no found for any variable among the group. Therefore, these fi ndings may give coaches knowledge that Montenegrin players have a good morphological potential, in that segment are not lagging behind for the Serbian players, whose players make excellent results at international competitions.

The aim of this research was to determine the diff erences among the rugby players of national team of Montenegro and national team of Bulgaria in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 43 examinees is divided into two sub-samples. The fi rst sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 23 players of rugby national team of Montenegro, while the other sub-sample consisted of 20 players of rugby national team of Bulgaria. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 10 variables: body height, body weight, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set, abdominal skin set, thigh skin set, lower leg skin set, body mass index and muscle mass. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables are calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between the players of the two national teams in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was not found that the rugby players of the two mentioned national teams have statistically signifi cant diff erences in morphological characteristics and body composition.

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological characteristics and body composition of the basketball players from Super League and Second League of Serbia as well as to make comparison between them. Forty-eight males were enrolled in the study, divided into two groups: twenty-four senior players from the Super League and twenty-four senior players from the Second Basketball League of Serbia. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, arm span and leg length. Body composition was evaluated by a battery of two variables: Body mass index and body fat percentage. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The signifi cance of the diff erences between the basketball players from the Super League and the Second League of Serbia was determined by a t-test for small independent samples. The purpose of this study is to describe the anthropometric characteristics and body composition of the basketball players, as well as to determine possible diff erences in relation to the ranking of the competition. The results showed that a signifi cant diff erence was found for fi ve variables among the group: body height, body weight, arm span, leg length and body fat percentage, while the diff erence was not observed for body mass index. Therefore, these fi ndings may give coaches knowledge that there are signifi cant diff erences between teams in relation to the rankings of the competition.

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological characteristics and body composition of the basketball players from First and Second League in Montenegro as well as to make comparation between them. Forty-eight males were enrolled in the study, divided into two groups: twenty-four senior players from the First Basketball League and twenty-four senior players from the Second Basketball League of Montenegro. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, arm span and length of the leg. Body composition were evaluated by a battery of two variables: Body mass index and fat percentage of body. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the basketball players from First and Second League in Montenegro was determined by a t-test for small independent samples. The purpose of this study is to describe the anthropometric characteristics and the body composition of the basketball player, and to determine possible differences in relation to the ranking of the competition. The results showed that a significant differences was no found for any variable among the group. Therefore, these findings may give coaches knowledge that no significant difference between the level of competition.

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological characteristics and body composition of the Second League basketball players from Montenegro and Serbia as well as to make comparation between them. Forty-eight males were enrolled in the study, divided into two groups: twenty-four senior players from the Second Basketball League of Montenegro and twenty-four senior players from the Second Basketball League of Serbia. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by a battery of four variables: body height, body weight, arm span and length of the leg. Body composition were evaluated by a battery of one variables: fat percentage of body. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the Second League basketball players from Montenegro and Serbia was determined by a t-test for small independent samples. The results showed that a significant differences was no found for any variable among the group. Therefore, these findings may give coaches knowledge that Montenegrin players have a good morphological potential, in that segment are not lagging behind for the Serbian players, whose players make excellent results at international competitions.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two Kosovo clubs FC Trepca ´89 and FC Prishtina in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 35 examinees was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 15 players of FC Trepca ´89 of the average age 21.80±3.57, the champions of the Kosovo Championship in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 20 players of FC Prishtina of the average age of 24.30±4.99, the vice champions of the Kosovo Championship in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics (7) in the body composition (4) were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set and abdominal skin set, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass and bone mass. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs dont have statistically significant differences by the variables that estimate the morphological characteristics and body composition.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two Montenegrin club FC Sutjeska and FC Mladost in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 40 examinees was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 23 players of FC Sutjeska of the average age 21.69±4.30, the champions of the Cup of Montenegro in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 17 players of FC Mladost of the average age of 24.59±4.66, the vice champions of the Montenegrin Championship in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set and abdominal skin set. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate the amount of fat percentage and the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue on the back in a favor of FC Sutjeska.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the level of anthropometric characteristics and body composition among the top handball players of WHC Levalea from Niksic and WHC Grude from Grude.The sample of respondents consists of 25 top-ranked senior players from the First Handball League of Montenegro and handball Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, divided into two sub-assignments. The first subunit was played by 11 players from WHC Levalea from Niksic, an average age of 16.64, who finished as women's vice-champions League of Montenegro and 14 player WHC Grude from Grude, an average of 20.35, which are the current championship handball Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set and abdominal skin set. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two handboll clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It has been found that the handdballeas of two mentioned clubs had statistically in two varijables that are evaiuated by the triceps skin set end biceps skin set in favor of the women´s WHC Levalea.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two best Montenegrin club FC Sutjeska-Niksic and FC Budućnost-Podgorica in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 53 examinees is divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 23 players of FC Sutjeska-Niksic of the average age of 21.69 ± 4.30, the champions of the Cup of Montenegro in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 30 players of FC Budućnost-Podgorica of the average age 22.73 ± 4.33, the champions of the Montenegrin Championship in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set, abdominal skin set, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass and bone mass. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables are calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the variables that estimate the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two Montenegrin club FC Buducnost and FC Mladost in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 47 examinees was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the examinees consisted of 30 players of FC Buducnost of the average age 22.73±4.33, the champions of the Montenegrin Championship in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 17 players of FC Mladost of the average age of 24.59±4.66, the vice champions of the Montenegrin Championship in the season 2016/17, with the same number of points gained as the champion. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, waist size, triceps skin set, biceps skin set, back skin set and abdominal skin set. The standard central and dispersive parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the variables that estimate the amount of fat percentage in a favor of FC Buducnost.