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Three studies were conducted to com-pare the effects of 4 different porcine intestinal mucosa products (PEP2, PEP2+, Peptone 50, and PEP-NS; TechMix Inc., Stewart, MN) with select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) on nursery pig performance. These intestine-derived mucosal ingredients are byproducts of heparin production, with a similar amount of muco-sal protein, but differ based on the earners with which they are co-dried. Enzymatically processed vegetable protein is the carrier for PEP2 whereas PEP2+ is co-dried with enzymatically processed vegetable proteins and biomass from crystalline AA production. Peptone 50 uses vegetable protein as its carrier while PEP-NS is co-dried with byproducts of corn wet milling and bio-mass from crystalline A A production. In Exp. 1, 300 weanling pigs (PIC 327 x 1050; initially 5.4 kg and 19 d of age) were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 12 replications and 5 pigs per pen. Diets consisted of a negative control (NC) containing no specialty protein sources, NC with 4, 8, or 12% PEP2 in phases 1 (d 0 to 11) and 2 (d 11 to 25), and a positive control contain-ing 4% spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) in phase 1 and 4% SMFM in phase 2. From d 0 to 11, pigs fed SDAP had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed PEP2. From d 11 to 25, increasing PEP2 increased (quadratic; P < 0.01) ADG and G:F, with the greatest response observed at 4%. In Exp. 2, 960 weanling pigs (Newsham GPK35 x PIC 380; initially 5.6 kg, and 20 d of age) were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 32 pigs per pen and 6 replications per treatment. Diets included a control with 4.5% SDAP in phase 1 (d 0 to 7) and no specialty protein sources in phase 2 (d 7 to 21) or the control diet with 6% of the following: SMFM, PEP2+, Peptone 50, or PEP-NS. From d 0 to 21, pigs fed diets containing SMFM, PEP2+, or PEP-NS had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the control or 6% Peptone 50. In Exp. 3, 180 nursery pigs (PIC 327 x 1050; initially 6.4 kg and 28 d of age) were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 6 repli-cations per treatment. Treatment diets were fed from d 7 to 21 postweaning. Treatments consisted of a NC, NC with 3, 6, 9, or 12% PEP-NS, or NC with 6% SMFM. Overall, pigs fed increasing PEP-NS had improved (quadratic; P < 0.01) ADG and G:F, with the greatest improvement observed in pigs fed 6% PEP-NS, similar to those fed 6% SMFM. These results suggest PEP2, PEP2+, and PEP-NS can effectively replace SMFM in nursery pig diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestibility of energy and nutrients and the concentration of DE, ME, and NE in fermented soybean meal (FSBM), conventional soybean meal (SBM-CV), and fish meal fed to weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows (initial BW: 22.0 ± 3.85 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and allotted to a randomized complete block design with 4 diets and 9 pigs per diet. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 5 d adaptation period. Four diets including a corn-based diet and 3 diets consisting of corn and each of the experimental ingredients (FSBM, SBM-CV, and fish meal) were formulated. Results indicated that the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE in corn, FSBM, and SBM-CV was 88.6, 88.2, and 90.3%, respectively, but the ATTD of GE in fish meal (84.0%) was less (P < 0.01) than in the other ingredients. The concentrations of DE, ME, and NE in SBM-CV were 4,553, 4,137, and 2,972 kcal/kg DM. These values were greater (P < 0.01) than the DE, ME, and NE in FSBM (4,296, 3,781, and 2,710 kcal/kg DM), corn (3,951, 3,819, and 2,791 kcal/kg DM), and fish meal (3,827, 3,412, and 2,450 kcal/kg DM). However, FSBM contained more (P < 0.01) DE, ME, and NE than fish meal and more (P < 0.01) DE than corn. The biological value of the protein in fish meal (75.4%) was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn (34.8%) and FSBM (62.8%), and the biological value of protein in SBM-CV (67.1%) was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn but not different from FSBM and fish meal. In Exp. 2, 8 barrows (initial BW: 10.4 ± 0.47 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 4 diets and 4 periods per square. Three diets containing FSBM, SBM-CV, or fish meal as the sole source of AA and a N-free diet were formulated. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all indispensable AA except Lys, Thr, and Trp was greater (P < 0.01 ) in FSBM than in fish meal. The SID of Met and Val was also greater (P < 0.05) in FSBM than in SBM-CV, but for the remaining indispensable AA, no difference between FSBM and SBM-CV was observed. In conclusion, the concentration of DE, ME, and NE is less in FSBM than in SBM-CV. However, DE, ME, and NE are greater in FSBM than in fish meal, but the SID of most AA is not different between FSBM and SBM-CV although they are greater than in fish meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the current study were to 1) determine whether a fish–meal–supplemented diet fed to ewes during late gestation and early lactation would increase the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n–3) in colostrum and milk and 2) examine the subsequent effect on the plasma fatty acid profile of nursing lambs. Eight gestating ewes (Rideau–Arcott; 97 ± 5 kg of initial BW; 100 d of gestation) were used in a completely randomized design. Ewes were individually housed and fed a control diet (supplemented with soybean meal) or a fish–meal–supplemented diet for 6 wk before lambing and throughout 7 wk of lactation. Colostrum at d 0 and milk samples at d 36 and 49 of lactation were collected. Blood samples were collected from lambs throughout the preweaning period (at 0, 36, and 49 d of age). Fatty acids of the samples were analyzed by GLC. The ewes fed the fish–meal–supplemented diet had greater (P ⩽ 0.013) percentages (g⁄100 g of total fatty acids) of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n–3, 0.16 vs. 0.08), docosahexaenoic acid (0.33 vs. 0.09), total n–3PUFA (2.72 vs. 1.91), total CLA (0.83 vs. 0.64), and total very long chain n–3–PUFA (>C18, 0.70 vs. 0.38), in colostrum and milk compared with the ewes fed the control diet. However, these fatty acids, excluding total n–3–PUFA, did not change over time, nor was there an interaction between diet and time. The percentage of total SFA was increased (P 0.012) linearly over time without having any diet effect. The ratio of n–6–PUFA to n–3–PUFA in colostrum and milk from the control group was greater (P = 0.003) than that of the fishmeal–supplemented group. This ratio was decreased over time (P = 0.001). At birth (d 0), lambs born to the fish–meal–supplemented ewes had greater (P = 0.001) plasma concentrations (g⁄100 g of total fatty acids) of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and total very long chain n–3–PUFA than the lambs born to the control ewes. The concentrations of these fatty acids were further increased over time (P = 0.001) for the lambs nursing ewes fed the fish–meal–supplemented diet. The present findings suggest that the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid in ewe colostrum and milk can be enhanced through diet supplementation with fish meal. The docosahexaenoic acid status of their suckling lambs can also be further enhanced, and this may contribute to improve neural tissue development and overall performance of suckling lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives were to determine the digestible energy, standardized ileal digestibility of AA, and growth performance of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, dried whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the US; 78.2% CP and 4,862 kcal GE/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% CP and 4,636 kcal GE/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (4,799 vs. 4,469 kcal/kg as-is; P < 0.05), but less (P < 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5% and 3%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P < 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 sources of SDPP. Overall, 2 sources of SDPP have different energy concentrations and AA digestibility, but similar growth promoting effects in nursery pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixty Romanov x Dorset (RVDP) and sixty Romanov x Suffolk (RVSU) male lambs were used in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments including two breed crosses and five diets to determine the effect of breed crosses on performance and to compare growth and carcass characteristics of lambs.Diets consisted of an all-silage diet, silage supplemented with 100 g of fish meal.anirnal-l.d-l, or silage supplemented daily with concentrate at either200 g or 400 g per animal, or ad libitum intake.

The article looks at a study regarding influence of fish meal and supplemental fat on performance of finishing steers exposed to moderate or high ambient temperatures. It mentions digestibility of dietary components was measured in four individually fed steers from each dietary treatment and plasma urea nitrogen concentration increased linearly. It also mentions effects of feeding sources of low soybean meal or ruminal escape potential.

The article presents a research focusing on the feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and sensory quality of lambs, with or without prolific ancestry, fed diets with different protein supplements. It mentions that average daily gains of lambs fed fish meal and corn gluten-blood meal were higher and feed conversion ratio was lower than that of lambs fed soybean meal.

A total of 700 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 6.5 kg) were used in a 21-d growth trial evaluating the effects of fish solubles in whole fish meal on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21-d of age, placed in nursery pens according to BW, and fed a common pelleted starter diet for 3-d, at which time pigs were weighed and pens were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 5 pigs/pen and 28 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments included a corn soybean meal-based control diet and 4 diets containing 6% fishmeal (LT Prime Menhaden Fishmeal Daybrook Fisheries Inc., New Orleans, LA). One batch of fish meal contained 0.87% fish solubles and the second batch contained 24.35% solubles. The 2 batches were then blended to provide dietary treatments with fish meal containing 0.87, 8.70, 16.52, and 24.35% fish solubles. A composite sample from each batch of fish meal was collected and analyzed for AA content and proximate analysis and used in diet formulation. Dietary treatments contained 10% spray-dried whey and formulated to contain 1.35% standardized ileal digestible Lys and balanced on an NE basis (2,502 kcal/kg). Net energy values from the 2012 NRC were used for the high solubles fish meal as the fat level was similar. For the lower soluble fish meal diets, choice white grease was used to balance based on added fat. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using the proc GLIMMIX procedure in SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Overall (d 0 to 21), there was no evidence for differences observed for ADG, ADFI, G:F, or final BW as the amount of fish solubles in fish meal increased. However, pigs fed diets with fish meal regardless of the fish soluble amount had increased (P<0.05) ADG, ADFI, and final BW compared to pigs fed the control diet without fish meal. In conclusion, our results suggest that level of fish solubles contained within fish meal does not impact growth performance. Control Fish Solubles, % SEM P <1 Control vs. 0.87 8.70 16.52 24.35 Fish meal d 0 to 21 ADG, g 293 322 309 322 321 14.9 0.001 ADFI, g 412 442 431 447 449 13.9 0.001 G:F 0.711 0.729 0.717 0.722 0.716 0.0133 0.258 Final BW, kg 12.7 13.2 13.1 13.4 13.3 0.15 0.001 1Fish solubles%, not different (P>0.10) for all growth criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 350 barrows (initial BW = 6.2 ± 0.01 kg) were used in a 21-d growth trial to determine the effects of replacing fish meal with enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300) on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at 21-d of age, placed in nursery pens according to BW, and fed a common pelleted starter diet for 3-d, at which time pigs were weighed and pens allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a complete randomized block design with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. A composite sample of fish meal and HP 300 (Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) was collected and analyzed for AA content and proximate analysis to use in diet formulation. Diets were corn soybean-meal based with 10% spray-dried whey and formulated to contain 1.35% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and balanced on an NE basis. The 5 treatments were: 1) a negative control (no specialty protein products); 2) diet with 6% fish meal; 3) diet with 9.1% HP 300 replacing fish meal on a SID Lys basis; 4) diet with 6% HP 300 replacing fish meal on a kg/kg basis; and 5) diet with 15% HP 300 included at the expense of SBM and fish meal. Overall (d 0-21), ADG (P<0.10) was marginally decreased and ADFI (P<0.05) decreased when pigs were fed 15% HP 300 compared with pigs fed the fish meal control. Pigs fed the negative control diet had the poorest G:F (P<0.05), with the other treatments not different from each other. Furthermore, pigs fed the fish meal control diet had increased (P<0.05) final BW compared to pigs fed the negative control, HP 300 replacing fish meal on a SID Lys basis, and 15% HP 300 diet. In conclusion, nursery pigs fed diets with fish meal had improved performance compared with those fed the control diet. Negative Fish meal HP 300 replacing 15% HP 300 SEM P < fish meal control control SID Lys basis kg for kg d 0 to 21 ADG, g 247yz 278x 253yz 269xy 245z 10.2 0.080 ADFI, g 382ab 407a 354bc 379abc 352c 11.1 0.003 G:F 0.649b 0.687a 0.713a 0.709a 0.693a 0.0115 0.002 Final BW, kg 11.54b 12.30a 11.64b 12.12ab 11.48b 0.238 0.042 a,b,c Means within the same row with different superscripts differ (P<0.05). x,y,z Means within the same row with different superscripts differ (P<0.10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weaned pigs (n=1,215; 337 × 1050 PIC, Hendersonville, TN; initially 5.1kg) were used in a 43-d growth trial to determine the effects of feeding increasing levels of enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300) on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 16 to 19 d of age, weighed and allotted by BW to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design and placed in pens with 27 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment. Diets were fed in two phases (d 0 to 7 and d 7 to 22), followed by a common phase 3 diet fed from d 22 to 43. Treatments included a control diet that was corn-SBM-based with 7.5% and 5.6% fish meal in phase 1 and 2, respectively; 3 diets formulated to contain increasing HP 300 (Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) ranging from 6.7 to 20% in phase 1, and 5 to 15% in phase 2 with equal increases in HP 300 and reductions in fish meal and soybean meal between treatments. A fifth treatment that had the same amount of SBM as the fish meal-control diet, but with HP 300 replacing fish meal on an equal SID Lys basis was included. From d 0 to 22 (treatment period), ADG, ADFI, and d 22 BW decreased (linear, P<0.05) as HP 300 increased. Overall (d 0 to 43), pigs fed increasing HP 300 from d 0 to 22 had a marginally significant reduction in ADFI (linear, P=0.071) and decreased final BW (linear, P=0.045). However, no differences were observed for growth performance among pigs fed the fish meal control diet and pigs fed the diet with HP 300 replacing only fish meal. In conclusion, increasing HP 300 in nursery pig diets resulted in poorer feed intake and final BW. Control HP 300 Low HP 300 Medium HP 300 High HP 300 replacing fish meal SEM HP 300 Linear, P < BW d 22, kg 10.1 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.8 0.18 0.008 BW d 43, kg 21.0 20.6 20.4 20.3 20.5 0.29 0.045 d 0-22 ADG, g 219 202 200 199 207 6.7 0.020 ADFI, g 336 328 317 314 329 5.5 0.001 G:F 0.643 0.609 0.622 0.625 0.624 0.0126 0.406 d 0-43 ADG, g 361 353 348 349 351 6.4 0.120 ADFI, g 530 518 511 511 517 8.2 0.071 G:F 0.680 0.681 0.680 0.681 0.679 0.0034 0.963 Control vs. HP 300 replacing fish meal (P > 0.10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of replacing fishmeal with highly processed soy proteins with low content of anti-nutritional factors (ANF), AlphaSoy 530 (SP1), AlphaSoy (SP2), and HP 300 (SP3), on growth performance of weaned piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets (JSR Genpacker and 90 PIC Camborough; 8.55 kg initial BW) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments. There were 5 pigs/pen and 9 replicate pens/treatment (5 pens with barrows and 4 pens with gilts). Three diets based on wheat, barley, and SBM were fed from d 0 to 9 (Phase 1), d 9 to 22 (Phase 2), and d 22 to 36 (Phase 3). In phases 1 and 2, fishmeal (6 and 3%, respectively) was replaced by 7.5% of SP1, SP2, or SP3. A commercial grower diet without dietary treatments was fed to all groups in Phase 3. All diets in each phase were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Growth performance was measured at d 9, 22, and 36. Diet, sex, and diet × sex served as fixed effects in the statistical model. No interaction of diet and sex was detected; therefore, only main effects are discussed. The in vitro enzyme digestible OM at the ileal level was comparable among treatments in Phase 1 (84.2-85.9%) and Phase 2 (83-86.5%). The stachyose and raffinose content of diets was in the range of 0.92 to 1.43% (Phase 1) and 1.06 to 1.26% (Phase 2). The trypsin inhibitor activity was low in all treatments (<0.5-0.5 mg/g in Phase 1 and 0.5-0.6 mg/g in Phase 2). In Phase 1, pigs fed highly processed soy proteins had a lower ADG and BW (except pigs fed SP2) compared with pigs fed fishmeal (P < 0.05). However, the FCR of pigs was the same between treatments (P > 0.1). In Phase 2, feeding SP1 diets improved the FCR of pigs compared with feeding fishmeal (7% increase) or SP3 (10% increase; P = 0.017). The growth performance of pigs was similar between treatments in Phase 3 and over the whole period of d 0 to 36 (P > 0.1). Barrows tended to have a lower FCR than gilts in Phase 2 and 3 and overall (d 0 to 36; P < 0.1); however, sex had no effect on other parameters (P > 0.1). In conclusion, highly processed soy protein with low ANF, especially SP1 and SP2, is a good alternative protein source to fishmeal in the diet of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the research titled `Soy Protein Concentrate as a Replacement for Menhaden Fish Meal in Commercial Diets for Channel Catfish Production in Ponds,' by G.J. Burtle, G.L. Newton, and S.R. Ghate. Component of channel catfish feed for production of catfish in earthen ponds.

Presents an abstract of the research titled `Menhaden Fish Meal (MFM) in Phase 1 and 2 Diets for Weanling Pigs,' by T.L. Veum, D.W. Bollinger, and M.R. Ellersiek. Use of pens of pigs as experimental units.

Presents an abstract of the research titled `Effects of Select Menhaden Fishmeal Fed During Lactation on Sow and Litter Performance,' by R.E. Musser, R.D. Goodband, et al. Evaluation of the effects of highly palatable and digestible protein sources such as select menhaden fishmeal.

Presents an abstract of the research titled `Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Weanling Pigs Fed Diets Supplemented With Fishmeal as a Protein Source,' by S.W. Kim, H.H. Stein, et al. Focus on apparent amino acid digestibility calculations based on the use of chromic oxide as an external marker.