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The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 28, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Small Intestinal Composition and Hydrolytic Activity in Neonatal Calves Fed Nucleotides," by C. Oliver, C. De Jesus Arias, W. Keller, M. Bauer, and C. Park. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of dietary nucleotides on the small intestine of neonatal calves. Nineteen newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of two dietary treatments: standard milk replacer or milk replacer supplemented with purified nucleotides at 5 times the level found in normal cow milk. Another paper discussed is "Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Regulates Protein Metabolism in Atrophic Muscle," by J.K. Eash, A.L. Grant, K.M. Hannon, and D.F. Gerrard. Skeletal muscle disuse and subsequent loss of protein is attenuated by augmenting fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. The exact mechanism for this blunted muscle wasting is not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how FGF signaling affects muscle protein metabolism during disuse atrophy.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal nutrition that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Development of an In Vitro Technique to Monitor the Fate of True Proteins of Feedstuffs in the Rumen," by A.A. Sadeghi and P. Shawrang. An integrated artificial rumen and electrophoretic technique were used to develop an in vitro technique to monitor the fate of true proteins of feedstuffs in the rumen. The objective was to adapt an in vitro procedure to obtain simulated rumen fluid and many residue at different incubation times that could be analyzed for true protein patterns by using SDS-PAGE technique. Another paper discussed is "Amino Acid Content of Residues From In Vitro and S. Griseus Incubations," by D.A. Ross and M.E. Van Amburgh. The degradability of ruminant feed proteins has been measured using in vitro and protease procedures but without comparative amino acid (AA) contents of the residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the AA contents of the residues following a 24-hr IV fermentation and a comparative S. griseus incubation at time points designed to correspond to the protein degradation observed in the IV fermentation for twelve feeds.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Tea Saponins Affect In Vitro Fermentation and Methanogenesis in Faunated and Defaunated Rumen Fluid," by W.-L. Hu, Y.-M. Wu, J.-X. Liu, and Y.-Q. Guo. The effect of tea saponins (TS) on rumen fermentation and methane emission was examined using an in vitro gas production technique named Reading Pressure Technique. Three levels of TS addition were evaluated in the faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. Compared to the control, TS addition decreased the 24h gas production in the faunated rumen fluid, but had a minor effect on gas yield in the defaunated rumen fluid. Another paper discussed is "Ruminal Degradation Kinetics of Corn Silage With Different Additives," by P.A. Katsuk, E.S. Pereira, B.M.O. Ramos and others. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradabilities of corn silage were evaluated in a 4x4 Latin square assay in ruminal ambient adapted or not with different feed additives.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal physiology that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Effects of Feeding Pattern on Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations in Pigs," by C. Brown, R. Harrell, and C. Whisnant. The independent role of ghrelin regulation continues to be controversial. Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide identified as the endogenous ligand for growth hormone (GH) secretoagogue receptor, is found in the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly the stomach. Ghrelin stimulates GH secretion, increases feed intake, adipose tissue, and decreases gastric acid. The aim of this study was to determine if a change in meal patterns might affect ghrelin levels in barrows. Another paper discussed is "NEFA and Glucose Levels in Serum of Periparturient Dairy Cows are Indicative of Pregnancy Success at First Service," by M. Burkhart, R. Youngquist, J. Spain and others. Higher serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lower serum levels of glucose indicate a negative energy balance in periparturient dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between NEFA and glucose levels in periparturient dairy cows and subsequent fertility.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal nutrition that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Nutrient Digestibility in Microbial Phytase Supplemented Corn-Soybean Based Diets in Two Phases of Growing Pigs," by H. Krebs, C.T. Kadzere, Z. Liu, and E. van Heugten. Phytate phosphorus (P) makes up 40 to 90% of P in cereal grains and in oilseeds and is unavailable to swine except when supplementary phytase is in the diet. In a 4 x 4 CRD study, 16 male castrated pigs were assigned to four homogenous groups of four animals each to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase on nutrient digestibility in pigs in Phase I and in Phase II. Each group was fed one of four diets differing only in P, calcium and phytase content. Another paper discussed is "Effect of Phytase Activity of the Diets on the Faecal and Urinary Phosphorous Excretion in Adult Roosters," by J. Tossenberger, L. Babinszky and I. Kuhn. The effect of phytase on phosphorus (P) excretion of poultry has been customarily determined in studies with intact birds based on collection of excreta. By using cannulation techniques, it is possible to measure faecal and urinary P excretion separately.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to lactation biology in animals that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Udder Morphology and Milking Characteristics in Dairy Goats Milked Once-or Twice-Daily," by A.A.K. Salama, G. Caja, M. Rovai, R. Casals, and A. Mart. The effect of once- vs. twice- daily milking on udder morphology and milk emission during machine milking was studied in multiparous Murciano-Granadina dairy goats. Another paper discussed is "Effects of Milking Frequency Prepartum on Postpartum Milk Production, Milk Composition and Dry Matter Intake in Dairy Cows," by R.R. Rastani, N. Silva del Rio, T.F. Gressley, G.E. Dahl, and R.R. Grummer. Forty-eight Holstein cows were utilized in a randomized block design to evaluate different dry period lengths and prepartum milking frequency on subsequent milk production, milk composition and dry matter intake. Lactating cows began the experiment 35 d prior to expected calving date, were milked 2x/d during a 7 d covariate period and were assigned to one of three treatments.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Grazing Behavior and Energy Expenditure by Sheep and Goats Co-Grazing Grass/Forb Pastures at Three Stocking Rates," by G. Animut, A.L. Goetsch, G.E. Aiken, R. Puchala and others. This paper examined the effects of stocking rate on grazing behavior and energy expenditure by growing sheep and goat wethers co-grazing grass/forb pastures. Grazing was for 16-wk periods in 2002 and 2003. Pastures consisted of various grasses, primarily bermudagrass and johnsongrass, and forbs such as ragweed. Another paper discussed is "Goat Preference of Five Tropical Legumes," by S. Pietrosemoli, F. Arenas, D. Bermudez, O. Peley, and A. Casanova. Forage palatability is an important factor in goat production, particularly when forages are expected to provide a major part of the daily nutrient intake. Preference by goats for Indigofera hirsuta, Cannavalia spp., Tephrosia cinerea, Teramnus spp. and Clitoria ternatea harvested at two stages of maturity, 42 and 74 d, was evaluated using four lactating French Alpine X Nubian goats.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Nutritive Value and Proper Level of Mixed Feeding of Atriplex Cancsens and Panicum Antidotale in Balouchi Sheep," by V. Kashki and H. Tavakoli. Atriplex cancsens is one plant species that is widely used for range reclamation but it does not satisfy total animal requirements; therefore, in this experiment it was used as a complement with Panicum antidutale. Panicum was replaced by Atriplex at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of dry matter. Apparent digestibility of feeds, digestible dry matter, digestible organic matter, digestible crude protein, digestible cell wall content and digestible gross energy were determined by using 20 male Balouchi lambs. Another paper discussed is "Glyphosate Spraying on Forage Accumulation and Quality of a Range of the Flooding Pampa (Argentina)," by M.J. Arzadun and S.A. Mestelan. Spraying glyphosate at the end of summer is a practice used to improve winter forage of some rangelands of Argentina to enhance the production of Lolium multjfiorum L. developing from a natural seed bank.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 28, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Ruminal and Post Ruminal Crude Protein Digestion of Halophyte Forages (Kochia scoparia, Atriplex domorphostegia) Determined by Various Procedures," by A. Riasi, M. Stem, M. Danesh Mesgaran, and M. Ruiz Moreno. Ruminal, post-ruminal and total tract crude protein digestion of two low-quality forages originating from central Iranian deserts (Kochiascoparia, Atriplex domorphostegia) were evaluated using in situ, three-step and Daisy incubator procedures. These forages are halophytic plants typically grown on salty land that are a significant part of the local flora in central Iran. Another paper discussed is "Factors Affecting the Quality of Corn Silage Grown in Hot, Humid Areas 1: Effect of Delayed Sealing, Simulated Rainfall and Ensiling Temperature," by A. Adesogan and S. Kim. This study aimed to determine how simulated rainfall, delayed sealing and high ensiling temperatures affect the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Half of each of four, replicated, 6 x 1.5 m plots of a corn hybrid were harvested at 350 g DM 1kg. The remaining half was harvested after it was sprinkled with sufficient water to simulate 4 mm of rainfall.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal nutrition that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Near Infra-Red Reflectance Spectroscopy for Prediction of Amino Acids in Feed Ingredients Leads to Important Cost Savings in Diet Formulation," by J. Goodson, D. Hoehier, J. Fontaine and others. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibrations used to predict amino acid levels in feed ingredients can be used to allow swine feed formulators to reduce safety margins in formulation programs. Reduction of these safety margins for amino acids allows the production of feeds which meet animal requirements for protein and amino acids without supplying excessive levels of either. Another paper discussed is "Use of Rice in Substitution of Corn in Diets for Young Pigs," by B. Vicente, D.G. Valencia, R. Lazaro and others. The authors studied the influence of feeding rice on the ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy and starch and the morphology of the ileum of piglets at 37 d of age. The control diet was a complex diet without in-feed growth promoters and included 50% cooked corn.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Development of an On-Farm Feed Management Assessment Tool for Use With Dairy Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans," by L. VanWieringen, J. Harrison, R. Kincaid, A. Hristov and others. A requirement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines for concentrated animal feeding operations in 2003 is to develop a nutrient management plan. One form of a nutrient management plan is a comprehensive nutrient management plan that is described in the NRCS Field Office Technical Guide. Another paper discussed is "Evaluation of Whole-Farm Nutrient Balances on a Commercial Dairy Operation," by T. Nennich, J. Harrison, D. Davidson and others. Evaluations of whole-farm nutrient balances are an important part of understanding nutrient management on dairy operations. Whole-farm nutrient balances supply specific information as to the flow of nutrients on dairy operations and provide data as to whether or not dairy operations are net importers or exporters of nutrients.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Starches and Sugars: Conceptual and Analytical Challenges," by M.B. Hall. For use in diet formulation, partitioning of carbohydrates should reflect differences in digestion and fermentation characteristics and effects on animal performance. Indices of digestibility would be useful. Partitioning of NFC has been problematic in terms of designating fractions based upon nutritional characteristics, and selecting analytical methods to separate them. Another paper discussed is "NDF Digestibility: Conceptual and Analytical Challenges," by M.S. Allen. Demonstration of the beneficial effects of NDF digestibility on feed intake and milk yield has created demand for analytical services by forage testing laboratories and for recommendations for utilizing NDF digestibility information. Variation in the methods used and proficiency at determining NDF digestibility across laboratories limit successful application of NDF digestibility information.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal feeding that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Relationships Between Residual Feed Intake, Ultrasound, and Temperament Traits in Brangus Heifers," by P.A. Lancaster, G.E. Carstens, E.G. Brown and others. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a moderately heritable feed efficiency trait that is independent of changes in ADO and BW. Objectives of this study were to measure RFI in growing heifers and examine phenotypic correlations between RFI and performance, body composition, and escape velocity. Another paper discussed is "Relationships Between Feed Efficiency and Real-Time Ultrasound Traits in Growing and Finishing Steers," by E.G. Brown, G.E. Carstens, J.T. Fox and others. The objective of this study was to examine phenotypic correlations between three feed efficiency traits and ultrasound measurements of the 12th rib fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and percent intramuscular fat in growing and finishing steers.

The article presents abstracts of various papers related to animal behavior that were presented during the symposium held on July 27, 2005 in Cincinnati, Ohio, which was organized by the American Dairy Science Association, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Canadian Society of Animal Science. One of the papers discussed is "Characterizing Hunger in Swine Utilizing Metabolic Parameters During 36 h of Imposed Feed Deprivation," by M. Toscano, D. Lay, B. Craig and E. Pajor. Manipulations of diets in modern swine operations is a common technique to reduce costs and improve productivity, although a variety of behavioral and physiological measures suggest swine suffer from hunger. Due to hunger's subjective nature and the ambiguity of the parameters measured, evaluating the impact of specific diets on hunger is problematic. Another paper discussed is "A Model for the Study of Dead and Down Pigs Associated With Transport: Effects of Maternal Pheromone on Pigs in Transit," by C. Lewis, N. Krebs, L. Hulbert and J. McGlone. The objectives of this study were: to establish a model for the study of dead and down (DD) pigs associated with transport and to evaluate the effects of the maternal pheromone Suilence (Ceva, France) on DD rates. Human-pig interactions were observed during handling audits at the farm during truck loading and at the packing plant during unloading and movement to stun and kill.