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A new Al3+ carbon paste ion selective electrode based on N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine (SB-Salpr) was prepared for the quantification of trace Aluminum. The proposed sensor has significant selectivity and sensitivity toward Al3+ ions in the presence of a wide range of cations including alkaline, alkaline earth, intermediate and heavy metal ions. The use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nanosilica in the composition of carbon paste sensors caused improvements in their characteristics; these materials have suitable conductivity and can help in conducting signals through the carbon paste sensors. The electrode consisted of 3% of MWCNTs, 0.5% of nanosilica, 25% of paraffin oil, 66.5% of graphite powder and 5% of SB-Salpr ligand. The sensor shows a Nernstian response to Al3+ ions with a Nernstian gradient of 20.2 ± 0.1 in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–2 M with the detection limit of 2.1 × 10–7 M. The sensor response is independent of pH in the range of 24 and possesses the advantages of fast response time less than 5 s. According to the obtained results, Al3+ nanocomposite carbon paste sensor exhibited good selectivity in the presence of a few metal ions. The sensor was effectively used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Al3+ ions with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review is devoted to the analysis of publications on the synthesis and chemical modification of the surface of silver and gold nanoparticles and their use in chemical and biochemical analysis by spectrometry. The formation and subsequent modification of the chemical composition of the surface layer of nanoparticles ensures the solution of problems of the group and individual determination of analytes, i.e., metal ions and organic and bioorganic compounds. The presence of an accessible well-developed surface bearing functional groups of different nature in combination with the effects of surface plasmon resonance and enhanced and surface-enhanced Raman scattering opens wide prospects for the application of nanoparticles to chemical and biochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]