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Fabricating the non-precious-metal catalyst with desirable catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for Mg-air battery that adopts neutral brine electrolyte. However, the classic metal-nitrogen-carbon materials with strong ORR catalytic activity in alkaline solution usually display inferior performance than platinum-based catalysts in neutral environment. Herein, we construct a hybrid catalyst composed of cobalt nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, based on pyrolyzing the mixture of melamine, pyrazole, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and 2-methylimidazole chelated with Co2+ and Zn2+ ions. This catalyst possesses abundant ORR catalytic active sites and mesoporous structure with large pore volume, which can result in the superior performance of Mg-air battery than that using Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, its ORR catalytic mechanism is unraveled according to microstructure characterization and electrochemical response. • A hybrid catalyst composed of cobalt nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is prepared. • The carbon nanotubes contain abundant Co/Zn−N x moieties as active sites for ORR. • Cobalt and zinc can jointly enlarge the specific surface area and mesopore volume. • This hybrid exhibits superior performance than Pt/C when used for Mg-air battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing the facile, universal and scale-up method to prepare electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is crucial for the high-efficient hydrogen production through water splitting. Herein, we load the CeO 2 nanoparticles on the various metal foams by a very simple and scalable impregnation method. Taking iron-nickel foam (INF) as an example, we can obtain a high-efficient OER and MOR electrocatalyst of CeO 2 @INF-0.6. CeO 2 @INF-0.6 shows the superior electrocatalytic activities toward both OER and MOR with the oxidation potentials of 1.52 V and 1.47 V at 100 mA cm−2, respectively. This can be ascribed to the CeO 2 @INF-0.6 with strong adsorption and fast conversion ability of OH- in the alkaline electrolyte. CeO 2 @INF-0.6 also has good stability and selectivity in MOR-assisted alkaline water splitting, and the Faraday efficiency of formate is up to 99.2% at 1.42 V (vs. RHE). In addition, the Na+ and Cl- ions with high concentrations almost have the negligible effects on the OER and MOR activities of our CeO 2 @INF-0.6 in the alkaline solution. This indicates that using CeO 2 @INF-0.6 as anode for seawater electrolysis not only can greatly reduce the energy consumption, but produce the value-added anode product of formate. [Display omitted] • CeO 2 @INF-0.6 is prepared by a simple, universal and scalable impregnation method. • CeO 2 @INF-0.6 shows the superior catalytic activities toward both OER and MOR. • The Na+ and Cl- ions have the negligible effects on the OER and MOR activities of CeO 2 @INF-0.6. • CeO 2 @INF-0.6 has strong adsorption and fast conversion abilities of OH-. • CeO 2 @INF-0.6 has a high formate selectivity during MOR process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine borane (N 2 H 4 BH 3 , HB) is gaining significant attention as a promising chemical hydrogen storage material due to its high hydrogen content (15.4 wt%). However, the challenge of achieving complete dehydrogenation of HB at room temperature has hindered its practical application in the hydrogen economy. In this study, we successfully develop P-doped RhCo alloy supported by carbon nanotubes (Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS). Surprisingly, the Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS catalyst exhibits exceptional performance, achieving complete dehydrogenation of HB within 1.03 min at 303 K, with a turnover frequency value of 2913 h-1, outperforming the previously reported results. The large specific surface area and modified electronic structure of Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS provided by the CNTS and P enhance the accessibility of reactants to the active sites, optimize the adsorption and activation of HB molecules, and finally enhance the catalytic activity. [Display omitted] • Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS achieve a record TOF value of 2913 h-1 for dehydrogenation of HB at 303 K. • Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS provides a new way in the catalyst design for HB dehydrogenation reaction. • Rh 0.5 Co 0.5 -P/CNTS are highly active and stable in hydrolysis of HB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane as a support for metal nanocatalysts, can greatly enhance the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles and promote the efficient production and separation of products. In this study, a novel sandwich-structured composite membrane was designed and facilely fabricated by using palladium nanocatalysts as the core catalytic layer and two different structured PVDF layers as the outer layers. The composite membrane was used as a reaction interface as well as a separation barrier between reactants and products, efficiently realizing the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol and convenient separation of the product benzaldehyde. The membrane was characterized in detailed and the effects of the membrane structure and various reaction conditions on the catalytic oxidation were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the reaction could be conveniently carried out under very mild experimental conditions, obtaining the product benzaldehyde at as high selectivity as 93.17 %. The successful implementation of the sandwich membrane for the production of chlorine-free benzaldehyde provides a new method for the interface reaction. [Display omitted] • Facile preparation of a novel sandwich-like membrane. • Membrane as interface material for reaction. • Reaction occurring between oil and water. • Novel technology for interface catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on hybrid catalysts showed that Pt-based alloy particles surrounded by a single-atoms-decorated carbon shell exhibit promising oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity and durability owing to the synergistic effect. However, the structural complexity of these hybrid catalysts renders their synthesis challenging. This study synthesized a mixed-metal zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) containing Pt and Co ions coordinated with a benzimidazole ligand, which was used as a scaffold to fabricate hybrid catalysts comprising uniform PtCo intermetallic alloy particles coated with a thin N-doped carbon shell containing numerous Pt and Co single atoms via one-step annealing. Without post-treatment, the mass and specific activities of the synthesized catalyst were significantly higher than those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the synthesized catalyst exhibited ultra-long-term durability, meeting the 2025 target of the U.S. Department of Energy, even after 300 000 cycles of an accelerated durability test. [Display omitted] • PtCo-ZIF is synthesized with Pt and Co atoms-coordinated benzimidazole. • PtCo nanoparticles show intermetallic phase and N-doped carbon shell. • New catalyst surpassed Pt/C catalyst in ORR activity ans durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of biomolecules by advanced sensing systems and organic pollutant removal is of immense interest in biomedical and environmental remediation sectors. In this regard, effective glucose detection is dynamic in rapid-diagnosis of related diseases and in addition, removal of organic dyes by suitable adsorbent materials is vital for water treatment. The present work involves the facile fabrication of CoZn-N doped graphene nanocomposites and employed in glucose sensors and dye removal. The synthesized materials were characterized to evaluate the structural, morphological, elemental and surface characterizations such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning DR-UV–vis–spectroscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. SEM and TEM images revealed the Co-Zn nano particles (NPs) with respective morphologies within the N doped graphene structure. Electrochemical examinations of CoZn-N doped graphene nanocomposites/GCE sensor demonstrated superior sensitivity for the detection of commercial glucose in NaOH. Moreover, CoZnNG nanocatalyst has been investigated for the dye removal of crystal violet (CV), Rhodamine B (RB), methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) in the presence of H 2 O 2. CoZnNG catalyst exhibited a maximum efficiency of 96 % over CV dye degradation in 30 min which is comparatively higher than the removal of MB, CR and RB dyes with 36 %, 41 %, 38 % for 120, 60 and 100 min, respectively. The CoZn-N doped graphene nanocomposites exhibited regeneration, reproducibility, and stability toward dye removal. Such multi-component hybrid N doped graphene could be efficacious for real-time non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor and pollutant removal applications. [Display omitted] • Co-Zn nanoparticles-N doped graphene nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by facile hydrothermal method. • The nanocomposite electrode were applied successfully to non-enzymatic glucose detection. • The nanocatalyst has been investigated for the dye removal process in the presence of H 2 O 2. • Electron transfer ability and synergetic features of nanostructured composites proved as bifunctional catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exsolution phenomenon of metal nanoparticles from a perovskite oxide involves the creation of oxygen vacancies, contributing to improved catalytic activity for CO 2 reduction. In this context, a B-site Ni-doped and A-site La, Ca co-doped strontium titanate, denoted as La 0.20 Sr 0.25 Ca 0.45 Ni 0.05 Ti 0.95 O 3-δ (Ni-LSCT), is synthesized with the aim of serving as a highly efficient cathode in conjunction with LSM as the anode and YSZ as the electrolyte for CO 2 reduction via solid oxide electrolysis process. The incorporation of 5 mol% Ni doping at the B-site of the perovskite is successfully achieved, leading to the subsequent release of highly dispersed nanoparticles upon exposure to a reducing environment. YSZ-electrolyte-supported SOECs featuring the Ni-LSCT cathode demonstrate a notable current density of 0.93 A/cm2 at an applied voltage of 2.5 V at 800 °C in pure CO 2. Moreover, at the same temperature, the reduction current density measures 1.21 A/cm2 when the Ni-LSCT serves as the cathode in a 70/30 molar ratio (CO 2 /H 2) environment and 1.73 A/cm2 with a 50/50 molar ratio of the feed gas, both at an applied voltage of 2.5 V. This suggests an enhanced CO 2 reduction performance in a reducing atmosphere. The introduction of Ni doping into LSCT enhances the electrochemical activity of the cathode by augmenting oxygen vacancies, while the presence of Ni nanoparticles on the cathode surface intensifies the active sites. Collectively, this innovative electrocatalyst configuration presents promising prospects for CO 2 electrolysis within the SOEC framework. [Display omitted] • Performance evaluation of Ni-doped LSCT cathode as effective electro-catalyst for CO 2 reduction in SOEC. • Exsolution of Ni nanoparticles in the base catalyst enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the SOEC. • DRT analysis is conducted to distinguish a series of reaction processes inside SOEC. • A current density achievement of 0.93 A/cm2 at 800°C and 2.5 V was recorded for pure CO 2 electro-reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorimetric detection by etching based on metal nanoparticles is one of the most commonly portable detection methods, but there are problems such as poor particle controllability and irregular etching. In this paper, a novel Ag lateral coated Au nanobipyramids nanostructure (Au@Ag LCNBPs) for multi-colorimetric detection of Fe3+ is prepared through the mediation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When DMSO is used to cover the surface of Au nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), it greatly affects the way Ag coated Au NBPs. When the volume ratio of DMSO is 25%, Ag is no longer deposited at the tip, but gradually deposited on the side of the Au NBPs to form the Au@Ag LCNBPs. The long axis cross-section of the Au@Ag LCNBPs takes the shape of a hexagon. As the Ag content increases, the width of the Ag layer gradually increases, the cross-section gradually converts to a positive hexagonal shape, and the aspect ratio of the whole structure decreases, leading to the blueshift of the longitudinal LSPR peak. This mode of deposition is different from the longitudinal deposition reported in the previous literature. A multi-colorimetric detection method for Fe3+ using the etching of the Ag layer by Au@Ag LCNBPs has been developed. This method exhibits a good exponential correlation in the concentration range of 1–210 μM with the detection limit of 200 nM. With the increase of Fe3+, the colloid color shows the change of yellow, orange, red, purple, blue, green and colorless. The etching process can be completed in about 30 s. This nanostructure achieves two etching modes of the Ag layer by Fe3+, uniform etching and concave etching. Moreover, it demonstrates that the enormous potential of Au@Ag LCNBPs in colorimetric etching detection. • The effect of DMSO on Ag laterally coated Au NBPs was discussed. • Fe3+ induced Au@Ag LCNBPs etching has two different patterns. • The detection range is 1 – 210 μM and the detection limit is 200 nM on Fe3+. • During the etching process, there are seven colors in solution. • The detection time is only 30 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sluggish polysulfide conversion (SPC) process combined with shuttling effect and poor electronic conductivity of sulfur become the main obstacles in hindering the commercial application of Li-S battery. In this study, to address these issues, CAU-17 derived bismuth nanoparticels embedded in nitrogen doped carbon belts is proposed as a catalyst layer on separator for high performance Li-S batteries. By incorporating the excellent electronic conductivity of bismuth metal nanoparticles, the abundant polar adsorption sites of nitrogen-doped carbon belts, and tailored adsorption space on such "metal-carbon hybrid architecture", the promotion of the polysulfide nucleation as well as effective conversion efficiency in SPC process have been achieved. Density functional theory computation further confirms the enhanced adsorption energy of bismuth nanoparticles to dissolved polysulfides during SPC process. Benefitting from the unique architecture and rational catalytic design, the Li-S battery with bismuth nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen doped carbon belts modified separator possesses a high specific capacity of 1045 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and maintains a satisfactory specific capacity of 612.8 mAh g−1 at 4.0 C. Simultaneously, the decent high-rate cycling stability is achieved after 500 cycles. This work deepens the understanding of designing a metallic-based electrocatalyst layer on separator for high performance Li-S battery. • Bismuth nanoparticles are embedded into nitrogen-doped carbon belts. • Porous architecture combined with polarized metal particles are tailored by altering calcination temperature. • Electrochemical conversion in conjunction with physical adsorption facilities hampering shuttle effect of polysulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid recombination of photoinduced charge carriers and photoinstability greatly hinder the large-scale application of CdS photocatalysis. Herein, non-noble metal Ni nanoparticles (NPs) as highly efficient co-catalysts are evenly anchored onto the surface of CdS nanowires (NWs) via a facile freeze calcination method. As a result, the H 2 production performance of the optimal Ni/CdS NWs under the filter (λ ≥ 420 nm) is about 80 times that of the bare CdS NWs, reaching 13,267.2 μmol h−1 g−1 and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) is 9.3%. Furthermore, Ni/CdS NWs photocatalysts have a surprising performance in the degradation of reactive red (RR2) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), and the optimal photodegradation properties are 0.125 and 0.069 min−1, respectively. According to the experimental characterization and theoretical calculation analysis, the deposition of Ni NPs not only increases the active sites of the reaction but also restrains the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers, so ameliorating the photocatalytic performance of CdS photocatalysts. This work provides a novel standpoint for designing non-noble metal co-catalyst/semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient solar energy conversion. • The Ni/CdS nanowires catalyst with well-defined Ni nanodots are synthesized by in-situ freezing calcination methods. • The as-prepared Ni/CdS NWs shows the stable and efficient photocatalytic H 2 evolution and contaminants degradation. • Non-noble metal Ni as cocatalyst can effectively improve the photocatalytic performance and stability of CdS. • A novel standpoint for designing non-noble metal co-catalyst/semiconductor photocatalysts are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing nanostructured Pt-based materials with unique properties as electrocatalyst attracts great research interests to achieve clean and sustainable energy. Herein, we investigate nanoscale engineering of carbon-supported PtCu nanocrystals (NCs) through tailoring their electronic and geometry properties by means of alloying and surface overcoating. Alloying Pt with Cu enhances the catalytic efficiencies for the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Subsequent surface overcoating of PtCu nanostructures with carbon nanoshells endows a decreased mass activity towards the HER catalysis compared to the uncoated counterparts, this can be mainly associated with annealing-induced sintering of small metal nanoparticles and the surface site-blockage of metal active sites. These results indicate that breaking activity-stability trade-off remains to be challenging for efficient HER catalysis on carbon-supported PtCu nanostructures. Our case study on the limitations of fabricating PtCu nanodendrites with varied loadings of carbon nanoshells on the surface demonstrates the necessity to explore the design of advanced and high-performing metal-based catalysts. [Display omitted] • Alloying of Pt with Cu makes PtCu nanostructures to serve as active catalysts for acidic hydrogen evolution reaction. • Surface overcoating engineering affects the structural and catalytic properties of PtCu nanodendritics in different manners. • Breaking the trade-off relationship between catalytic activity and long-term durability remains to be intensively explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MOF- or ZIF-derived carbon (MDC/ZDC) has attracted significant attention especially in catalysis applications, because well-dispersed metal or oxide nanoparticles over the MDC/ZDC matrix with retained MOF/ZIF porosity can be obtained with direct pyrolysis. Although it seems to be a facile approach, pyrolysis parameters could significantly alter the MDC/ZDC properties. However, an in-depth study on the pyrolytic factors has not been discussed. Herein, we manipulated ZIF structure, pyrolytic atmosphere, temperature, incubation time, and ramping/cooling rates for ZDC structural analyses. Compared to pure ZIF-67 derived carbon with only Co metal nanoparticles, it was observed that the carbonization process in core-shell ZIF-8@ZIF-67 (Z8@Z67) initiated the interdiffusion of reduced metal ions at the core-shell interface, which triggered the unique Zn-Co alloying behavior forming Zn 3 Co when they were in close proximity. The resultant intermetallic Zn 3 Co compound is unstable and has never been experimentally observed. By employing the in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique, we observed the fast-heating plus cooling process arrested or circumvented the phase segregation, and kept the metastable intermetallic Zn 3 Co. For the first time, we report a method to maintain it at ambient conditions, protected by the porous MOF derivative from ZIF pyrolysis. [Display omitted] • Well-dispersed Co nanoparticles is observed during Zn-Co core-shell ZIF pyrolysis. • Metastable phase Zn 3 Co is formed and preserved after core-shell ZIF pyrolysis. • The existence of Zn 3 Co can be controlled by ZIF pyrolytic ramping/quenching rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and selective detection of target gas/volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of utmost importance. The chemiresistive gas sensors have been a desirable candidate due to their compact footprint and ease of fabrication, but they show poor selectivity. This work presents a combination of nanomaterials-based chemiresistive gas sensors with machine learning (ML) techniques to achieve sensitive, selective, and quantified detection of tested VOCs. The sensor array consists of four separate sensing layers over interdigitated electrodes-based platform. The sensing materials were comprised of silver, gold, palladium, and platinum nanoparticles decorated on tin oxide hollow-sphere structures which were successfully synthesized through chemical routes and characterized accordingly. Surface decoration of different metal nanoparticles has produced sensitive and diverse sensing patterns among the tested VOCs. The sensing mechanism and related gas sensing kinetics were then analyzed to explain high sensitivity and diverse sensing phenomena. The subsequent incorporation of ML models has resulted in qualitative and quantitative detection of VOCs. A comparative analysis was carried out among different types of applied features and ML models with reasoning. Particularly, a deep neural network (DNN) model with time series (TS) response sequence as input information, delivered the best performance. The DNN_TS model presented an average classification accuracy of 98.33 %, in conjunction with excellent concentration prediction. The DNN_TS model showed a very fast prediction time of 2.74 µs with adaptive learning while utilizing minimum computing resources, which favors the real-time sensing capability. The reported results promote the development of an autonomous, smart, and selective gas sensor system for real-time applications. [Display omitted] • Metal nanoparticles decorated SnO 2 hollow-spheres based gas sensor array was employed. • Excellent and diverse sensing response pattern was observed for the tested VOCs. • The issue of selectivity was addressed using soft computing tools. • Applied deep learning model effectively classify and quantify among the tested VOCs. • Comparative analysis was done among different input features engaged with ML models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic transition-metal oxides show great prospect as alternatives to prevail anodic carbonaceous substances for lithium ion battery in virtue of their splendid theoretical capacity. However, in addition to their intrinsic poor electronic conductivity, the severe agglomeration of the forming magnetic metal nanoparticles during discharging will deteriorate their actual electrochemical performance in a strong magnetic field environment. Here, we demonstrate a 3D spatially-confining magnetic anode to settle all these dilemmas, in which conversion-type magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with a thin carbon encapsulation layer are anchoring onto 3D nickel nanotube arrays skeleton (Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @C NTAs). The carbon shell spatially confines the agglomeration of Fe nanoparticles and maintains the exceptional integrity of structure. The Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @C NTAs anode exhibits high-capacity lithium storage (∼1286 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and superior rate/cycle capability (retaining ∼97 % of initial reversible value at 1 C after long-term 1000 cycles). [Display omitted] • A monolithic hybrid electrode of Ni/Fe 3 O 4 @C NTAs is fabricated. • The carbon shell acts as an isolation layer to spatially confine the Fe nanoparticles from agglomeration. • The hybrid anode exhibits superior rate and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered as an extremely important energy source for abundant smart electronic devices. Even so, lower cycle life of LIBs and capacitance performance remains rough challenges due to dramatic structure degradation. Rational structure design is highly desirable to fully improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Herein, a hybrid structure of carbon network adorned with nickel particles (Ni/CN) was developed. The ultra-thin interconnected CNs not only provide robust support for ultra-tiny Ni nanoparticles, but also enhance the electrical conductivity network of hybrid structure. The carbon around the Ni nanoparticles is graphitized as soft carbon with large interlayer spacing and good electrical conductivity, which benefits Li+ ion insertion/extraction. Furthermore, large specific surface area, open internal space are favorable for shorten Li+ ion diffusion channel and rapid charge transfer are favorable for accelerating Li+ ion diffusion and accommodating volume strain during the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. Benefiting from these structural and compositional advantages, the Ni/CN anode displays an ultra-stable cyclic lifespan with a specific capacity of 544.7 mAh g−1 (at 1 A g−1) even after 2000 cycles, excellent capacity retention of 121.1%. Therefore, high-energy storage and long lifespan of Ni/CN materials display a bright prospect. Image 1 The as-fabricated Ni/CN exhibits distinctive structure and possible mechanism for lithium ion storage. • We designed a 3D carbon network structure decorated with nickel nanoparticles. • Synergistic effect between nickel and carbon network improves capacity and stability. • It presents an ultrahigh cyclic duration (121.1% retention after 2000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles based nanohybrid materials have been established as one of advantageous materials for various applications. Here, we present hydrothermal and sol-gel process at low temperature for the synthesis of (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-ZnO-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mesoporous nanohybrid materials. TEM and XPS measurements show that uniform size and quasi-spherical ZnO nanoparticles were anchored to the surface of the MWCNTs. SEM observation exhibits that the aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles is greatly reduced due to the steric repulsion of grafted organic groups. The maximum CO 2 adsorption capacity at 273 K was 1.32 mmol/g for MWCNTs-APTES-ZnO-B nanohybrid. An increase in the density of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs resulted in a higher affinity towards CO 2 at low pressure. This work provides new research directions for making further advances toward practical utilization of MWCNTs-based CO 2 adsorbents. Image 1 • MWCNTs-ZnO-SiO 2 nanohybrid materials were synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel process. • Structure and properties were characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, DSC and BET measurements. • The maximum CO 2 adsorption capacity at 273 K was 1.32 mmol/g for MWCNTs-APTES-ZnO-B nanohybrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reported the facile synthesis of the supported Pd nanoparticles on various supports (MCM-41, TiMCM-41, ZrMCM-41, SnMCM-41, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3) by chemical fluid deposition (CFD) methods, which were highly selective for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural. A combination analysis of various characterization techniques was used to study the physical properties of the synthesized metal Pd nanoparticles. The different product distribution was strongly related to the type of supports, and the strength of interaction between the furan ring and the metal surface. It was found that the fabricated Pd nanoparticles supported on amorphous supports (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3) were efficient for the synthesis of furfuryl alcohol. In contrast, Pd supported on mesoporous supports (TiMCM-41, ZrMCM-41, SnMCM-41) were highly selective for the production of furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. Besides, Pd nanoparticles confined in the mesoporous channel was more stable, displaying no clear difference even recycle for three times. This works further documents the strategy to confine Pd nanoparticles is beneficial for the utilization of precious metal, enhancement of mass transportation with less resistance, higher activities and the improved stability. • Facile synthesis of supported Pd nanoparticles by chemical fluid deposition method. • Metal Pd nanoparticles are highly selective for the hydrogenation of furfural. • Pd/SiO 2 and Pd/Al 2 O 3 were efficient for the synthesis of furfuryl alcohol. • Pd on mesoporous supports were highly selective for FA and THFA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New lead tellurite glass ceramics doped with terbium (III) oxide and co-doped with AgNPs and CuNPs were obtained by melt quenching technique. The samples were analyzed by XRD, photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. XRD data were used to estimate the nature of the obtained samples and also to determine the crystallites size. UV–Vis spectra reveal the presence of terbium ions in the batch and, for the samples co-doped with CuNPs, the presence of Cu2+ ions octahedrally surrounded by six oxygen atoms. Optical band gap energy values were calculated based on the UV–Vis data. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit the emission from terbium ions and also reveal the influence of the co-dopant nature on this emission. Magnetic measurements data show a complex behavior due the presence of Tb3+ ions, metal nanoparticles and to the microstructure of samples. • TeO 2 -PbO-Tb 2 O 3 glass ceramics co-doped with AgNPs, CuNPs or without NPs were prepared. • The differences on optical properties of TeO 2 -PbO-Tb 2 O 3 systems were described. • The most intense emission peak was the green one, the samples being promising materials for solid state lasers. • The emissions from rare-earth ions were enhanced by AgNPs until 3 mol% Tb 2 O 3. • The magnetic behavior of the samples is due to the Tb3+, but the presence of NPs must be considered too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alumina dispersion-strengthened copper (ADSC) alloy is a new materials widely used in lead frames, resistance welding electrodes, etc. The paper has systematically studied the strength and electrical conductivity behavior in situ reaction using rare-earth La and Ce. Solving the clustering on nanoparticles Al 2 O 3 under spark plasma sintering (SPS) and addition of La and Ce for ADSC alloy is the significant differences. Specimen of Cu-0.7 wt% Al 2 O 3 added with 0.7 wt% Ce does not present pores in SEM and BSE images due to special dispersed element Ce. A new ADSC alloy fabricated with Cu-0.7 wt%Al 2 O 3 -0.7 wt% Ce under SPS shows the high -strength and the high-conductivity. Nanoparticles Al 2 O 3 encircled with nanoparticles CeO 2 and Cu 2 O, which is generated in situ are evenly distributed in the Cu matrix, resulting in increasing strength. Lattice distortion does not occur in the new ADSC alloy. Cu atoms are replaced by Al generated in situ to form a solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure owing to the similar atomic radii and electronegativities of Cu and Al, resulting in increasing the electrical conductivity. Experimental results show that adding rare-earth metal nanoparticles Ce can significantly improve the properties of ADSC alloy. • Rare-earth Ce is an excellent dispersed element in a new ADSC alloy. • Nanoparticles Al 2 O 3 encircled with nanoparticles CeO 2 and Cu 2 O can increase the strength. • Cu-0.7 wt% Al 2 O 3 -0.7 wt% Ce alloy shows the high-strength and high-conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxides such as SnO 2 are widely studied as anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacities. However, the lithium storage capability of SnO 2 is suppressed by its poor electrical conductivity and serious volume change during the charge and discharge processes. In this work, SnO 2 nanoparticles are directly grown on the surface of electrochemically exfoliated graphene, followed by doping Sb into SnO 2 nanoparticles. As a high quality of graphene, electrochemically exfoliated graphene possesses high electrical conductivity and strong mechanical strength, which is beneficial to the charge transfer from graphene to SnO 2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the doping of Sb into SnO 2 nanoparticles inhibits the agglomeration and growth of SnO 2 nanoparticles, and further improves the electron conductivity of SnO 2 by changing the electronic structure of SnO 2. As a result, electrochemically exfoliated graphene-based SnO 2 with Sb doping exhibits superior electrochemical performance including high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and remarkable rate capability. Modifying the electronic structure of metal oxides by doping with appropriate metals may provide an avenue to realize the demand of high-performance electrodes for secondary batteries. Image 1 • Sb-doped SnO 2 nanocrystals are formed on electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG). • The electrical conductivity of SnO 2 nanocrystals is highly improved by doping of Sb. • EEG-Sb/SnO 2 exhibits exceptional lithium storage capability. • The optimized Sb doping for the high-performance EEG-Sb/SnO 2 is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional hierarchical nanocomposites of NiSnO 3 /graphene encapsulated in a thin carbon shell were synthesized via a facile solvothermal approach followed by thermal treatment. The obtained C/NiSnO 3 /RGO shows a much improved lithium storage properties than that of NiSnO 3 /RGO when used as lithium battery (LIB) anode material. The reversible capacities of C/NiSnO 3 /RGO composites are up to 899 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 200 mA g−1, and even undergoing high rate cycling at 10000 mA g−1, the charge capacity maintains 680 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 650 cycles. The excellent LIB performance could be attributed that the carbon-coating of C/NiSnO 3 /RGO composites are found to prevent the restack of graphene effectively, and the aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is efficiently suppressed under the double protection of coated carbon layer and graphene in the long-life cycling process. • 3D nanocomposites of C/NiSnO 3 /RGO is prepared and used as lithium battery anodes. • The C/NiSnO 3 /RGO exhibits long-cycling lithium battery performance. • The enhanced performance is ascribed to the double protection of coated carbon layer and graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We successfully prepared nanosized Fe-Co alloy powder directly by a thermal plasma process, although a small amount of unprocessed Co was observed in the X-ray diffraction results. The mean particle size was ∼90 nm. The processed alloy particles were found to be single crystals, as confirmed by EBSD measurement. When an initial mixed powder having an Fe: Co ratio of 70 : 30 was used as the starting material, the mean and standard deviation of the Co concentration were 26.7 at% and 3.0 at%, respectively. The saturation magnetization values were in agreement with the bulk value, indicating that this small amount of oxygen dose not greatly affect the value of mass magnetization. This research realized the first full magnetization of a bare FeCo nanosized powder without any reduction treatment. • The FeCo alloy fine powder was prepared by thermal plasma process. • Processed FeCo nano particle was single crystal. • The concentration distribution of Fe and Co is quantitively evaluated. • The full magnetization for bare FeCo nanopowder was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface addition of biocompatible metal oxide nanoparticles can significantly affect the physical, chemical, and biological properties of anodized titanium implants. Manganese is an important element for bone growth and regeneration and is essential for the body's vital systems. In this study, the biological properties of anodized titanium implants decorated with MnO nanoparticles were studied. At first, the effect of anodic oxidation voltage (15 V, 20 V, and 25 V) on the microstructure of titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs) was investigated. Microstructural studies showed that the diameters of TNTs are increased by raising the applied voltage. Prepared TNTs with the applied voltage of 25 V exhibited a more uniform structure with an average inner diameter of 102 ± 15 nm. In the next step, MnO nanoparticles were synthesized through the thermal decomposition method. The effects of different surfactants, such as oleic acid and oleylamine, and various solvents, including dibenzyl ether and octadecene, on the size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were studied. The results indicated that the MnO nanoparticles synthesized by dibenzyl ether solvent and oleic acid surfactant showed the smallest size and uniform morphology. Finally, the synthesized TNTs were decorated by the optimized MnO nanoparticles using the hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to phase characterization. Microstructural studies were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. MTT and cell morphology tests were carried out for the biocompatibility evaluation of the specimens. The results showed that the anodized titanium decorated with MnO nanoparticles indicated the highest cell viability compared to the anodized and untreated samples. Microstructural studies demonstrated that the cells attached to the surface and spreading of filopodia in the anodized titanium decorated with MnO nanoparticles are higher than the other samples. [Display omitted] • TNTs were synthesized by anodizing of titanium implants. • MnO nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition method using different solvents and surfactants. • Nanoparticles synthesized by dibenzyl ether solvent and oleic acid surfactant showed the lowest particle size. • The synthesized MnO nanoparticles were decorated on TNTs by hydrothermal method. • MTT assay and cell morphology investigations confirmed the superior biocompatibility of the decorated specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic photothermal effect of metal nanoparticles has been used for efficient cancer therapy and catalysis. Here, we show the insulation of Plasmonic photothermal heat generated in Ag nanoparticles by a thin carbon shell and their application for solar desalination of seawater. Ag, carbon and Ag with carbon shells (Ag@C) nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The absorption of Ag@C core/shell nanoparticles almost covers the whole visible light spectrum from red to violet, which can be tuned by changing the thickness of the carbon shells and the size ratio of Ag cores to carbon shells. Ag@C core/shell nanoparticles with the size of 50 nm@18 nm exhibit a photothermal conversion efficiency 44% higher than carbon nanoparticles. Importantly, it is observed that carbon shells have excellent heat insulation property so that the temperature decay lifetime of Ag nanoparticles is enhanced by 49% after coating with a thin carbon shell of 18 nm. Ag@C nanoparticles supported by anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates exhibit a desalination rate 1000% higher than the direct evaporation of seawater under simulated solar irradiation and 220% higher than that of AAO templates supported carbon nanospheres. • The insulation of Plasmonic photothermal heat generated in Ag nanoparticles by a thin carbon shell. • Synthesis and size of black Ag, carbon and Ag with carbon shells (Ag@C) nanoparticles and fine regulation of absorption peaks. • Changed a photothermal conversion efficiency by the thickness of the carbon shells and the size ratio of Ag cores to carbon shells. • Ag@C nanoparticles and aluminum oxide(AAO) templates are used in seawater desalination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu0(core)-Au0(shell) (Cu@Au) bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized under microwave-assisted heating were interrogated for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates. NPs characterization, by XRD, XPS and UV/vis spectroscopy, showed the formation of self-assembled particles with the occurrence of electron transfer from Cu to Au and the absence of Cu x O. TEM and AF4 demonstrated NPs with a mean diameter of 4.7 nm. Despite the low LSPR shown by small nanoparticles (<10 nm diameter), our Cu@Au NPs showed enhanced SERS effect, demonstrated by the calculated scattering signal enhancement factor (3 × 105), which may be related to electromagnetic coupling. Selected examples of analytes of interest, including some biomolecules, were studied to demonstrate the versatility of our Cu@Au NPs as SERS-active substrates. Image 1 • CuAu nanostructured materials were synthesized via microwave-assisted heating. • One-step synthesis without the need of templates lead to core-shell structure. • Cu@Au nanoparticles showed enhanced SERS effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Controlling the shape of metal nanoparticles is generally accomplished using shape-directing agents. Particle synthesis without shape-directing agents and shape control have attracted strong interest given the side effects of the shape-directing agents. Here, the potential of graphene in the deposition of metallic nanoparticles with different morphologies without using shape-directing agents was investigated. Doping graphene with nitrogen via plasma treatment enhanced the metal reduction. The nitrogen content was varied by changing the plasma treatment time. Nitrogen doping mainly occurred at boundary-like defects and involved pyrrolic nitrogen as the major chemical configuration. Graphene grown on copper substrate grown via chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit spherical silver nanoparticles throughout the graphene along with microparticles that were randomly distributed on the surface. Transition of microparticles of silver from dendrites to well-defined platelets morphologies was observed with nitrogen-doped graphene after 10 min of nitrogen plasma exposure. The number density of silver particles was controlled by varying the plasma treatment time. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity of these silver particles grown on graphene using copper substrates was assessed using a Rhodamine 6G Raman probe in the concentration range of 10 nM to 1 mM. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Silver deposition on graphene without shape directing agents was investigated. • Nitrogen doped graphene controlled the growth of silver morphology. • Triangular, rod, and diamond-shaped micro particles were randomly deposited. • Nitrogen enabled homogenous deposition of silver nanoparticles on graphene. • Surface enhanced raman scattering of R6G was assessed in the range of 10 nM to1 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Core-shell nanoparticles used as blocks to construct composite ceramics can exhibit high energy storage density, but the effects of original tunable shell thickness on the microstructures and energy storage property of finally sintered bulk ceramics has not been clarified, thus how to achieve the full potential of this technology to improve the energy storage density of ferroelectric-based ceramics remains to be solved. In this study, as precursors to fabricate bulk ceramics, BaTiO 3 @SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a wet-chemical method and they were used as models to investigate the effect of the core-shell nanostructured precursors on the energy storage property of the bulk composite ceramics. The original BaTiO 3 nanoparticles coated with various homogenous SiO 2 shells were acquired by controlling the concentration of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The surface microstructure of the bulk composite ceramics observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the SiO 2 outer shell of BaTiO 3 @SiO 2 nanoparticles plays an important role in constructing the microstructure of the ceramics. The remodeled microstructure has a great impact on leakage current density and dielectric property, and it makes a leading contribution to the energy storage performance of ceramics. As a result, the optimum SiO 2 loading range was confirmed and the maximum energy storage density obtained from BaTiO 3 @20 wt%SiO 2 was ∼4.799 J/cm3 at 370 kV/cm, demonstrating that nanoscale core-shell architecture is an effective strategy to improve the energy storage performance of ferroelectric-based composite ceramics. Highlights • BaTiO 3 @SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles are used as blocks to construct composite ceramics for energy storage. • Tunable shell plays an important role in remodeling the microstructure of the ceramics. • The remodeled microstructure has a great impact on leakage current density, dielectric property and energy storage density. • The maximum energy storage density obtained from BaTiO 3 @20 wt%SiO 2 was ∼4.799 J/cm3 at 370 kV/cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Low-density, flexible and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are urgently required to address the increasingly serious problem of radiation pollution. Ni-Co alloys with intrinsic conductivity and magnetism are good candidates for providing excellent EMI shielding performance. However, their high density and poor flexibility severely restrict their further applications in some specific fields. Herein, lightweight and flexible Ni-Co alloy nanoparticle-coated PAN-PU (P@Ni-Co) nanofiber membrane is fabricated through the combination of the electrospinning technique and the electroless deposition process, and it is employed as an effective EMI shielding material. Due to its remarkable conductivity of 1139.6 S/cm and the satisfactory saturation magnetization value of 49.6 emu/g, P@Ni-Co hybrid membrane with a thickness of 0.180 mm and a density of 0.59 g cm−3 exhibits excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of >68 dB over a wide frequency band (8–26.5 GHz); moreover, the average EMI SE reached as high as 77.8 dB with an absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE T) of 7325.8 dB cm2·g−1, which are higher than those for most of the reported EMI shielding materials. Compared to reflection, absorption makes a much larger contribution to the total EMI shielding effectiveness. These results suggest that Ni-Co alloy nanoparticle-coated PAN-PU nanofiber membrane would be very promising for applications as a thinner and lighter EMI shielding material. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • P@Ni-Co nanofiber membrane is prepared via electrospinning and electroless plating. • P@Ni-Co exhibits remarkable conductivity and satisfying magnetism. • P@Ni-Co is employed as lightweight and flexible EMI shielding material. • The average EMI SE could reach 77.8 dB over wide frequency band (8–26.5 GHz). • Absorption makes much larger contribution to total EMI shielding effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Here, we use the method of electrochemical surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare VN nanoparticle/GO composites. VN nanoparticles is uniformly distributed onto the surface of GO, which forms an intercalation structure. Synergistic effect of the electrochemical active material of VN and good conductive substrate of GO significantly improves the efficiency of the electrochemically active materials to ensure the electrode behavior of charging and discharging process goes smoothly. In 2 M KOH electrolyte, the electrode material of VN/GO hybrid exhibits good specific capacitance of 109.7 F/g. And after 5000 cycles, the capacitance retention rate still reaches 93% of the initial capacity. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • VN/GO nanocomposites with VN nanoparticles on the surface of GO. • SI-eATRP technology and high-temperature forging method is used. • Electrochemical performance is enhanced compared with pristine VN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract ZnCo 2 O 4 mesoporous microspheres (ZMMs) assembled by a huge amount of nanoparticles (NPs) were solvothermally synthesized with a subsequent annealing treatment in air. These ZMMs possess a BET specific surface area of 7.7 m2 g−1 and an average pore size of 12.8 nm, respectively. The electrochemical performances of the ZMMs-modified electrode were evaluated by using a typical three-electrode electrochemical system in 2 M of KOH aqueous electrolyte. The ZMMs-based electrode delivered high specific capacitance of 588 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and good rate capability of about 84% with the current densities increasing from 1 to 15 A g−1. Besides, the electrode exhibited an outstanding long-term cycling stability during a 5000-cycle charge-discharge process with both 68.4% capacitance retention and 99.7% Coulombic efficiency at a high current density of 8 A g−1. Such good electrochemical performances were probably attributed to its unique porous structure providing many active reaction sites, fast ion and electron transfer, and good strain accommodation as well. The excellently electrochemical properties make it one of the most promising electrode materials for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • ZnCo 2 O 4 mesoporous microspheres were solvothermally prepared. • A highly specific capacitance of 588 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 was obtained. • 84% of rate capability was reached with current density increasing from 1 to 15 A g−1. • An outstanding cycling stability during 5000 cycles with 68.4% capacitance retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Highly reliable bonding materials have attracted tremendous interest due to a growing demand for high-temperature electronics. We developed a fluxless and binder-free paste comprising Cu nanoparticles (NPs), Sn-58Bi (SnBi) particles, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dispersing agent, which enables pressureless, low-temperature (190–250 °C) formation of robust joints (over 7 MPa) by means of transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS). Microstructural evolution of the joint was investigated under variations in PVP molecular weight (MW; 10,000, 55,000, 360,000, or 1,300,000) and bonding conditions including temperature and time. In a die-shear test, the joint formed with PVP MW 360,000 was the strongest due to its proper particle dispersion and the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Conditions of excessive PVP MW, bonding temperature, and time impeded the bonding characteristics of the TLPS joint, with formation of voids and increasing brittleness. TLPS bonding with the optimal dispersing agent enabled pressureless die attach without chip damage, demonstrating applicability as a simple, robust interconnection for high-temperature electronics. Highlights • Pressureless TLPS bonding was conducted with Cu nanoparticles and Sn-58Bi particles. • PVP MW of 360,000 assisted TLPS reactions by dispersing Cu and Sn-58Bi particles. • The process with excessively high energy degenerated strength by formation of voids. • The strength is consistent after aging time of 500 h due to completion of reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) layered transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) materials have been theoretically and experimentally proven to possess a good potential in thermoelectric (TE) energy harvesting. As a member of TMDCs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) was severely hindered by poor electrical conductivity for better TE performance. Herein, noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) was employed to optimize the electrical conductivity of MoS 2 films by spontaneous decoration. As a result, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of MoS 2 films with a little Ag NPs load were simultaneously enhanced, which may result from the formation of more electrically conductive path and the stronger energy filtering effect generated by Ag NPs decoration. These results indicate that the conflict between thermoelectric factors can effectively resolve by spontaneous Ag NPs decoration. This technique may shed light on a new way for optimizing the TE energy harvesting efficiency for 2D TMDCs materials. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Obtained the Ag-MoS 2 thin films by a flexible and controllable strategy. • Realized the simultaneous improvement of σ and Seebeck coefficient. • Provide a new reference for optimizing the TE performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mid−infrared (MIR) nonlinear optical (NLO) material is critical to laser frequency−conversion technology. Although the main commercial MIR NLO crystals (AgGaS 2 AgGaSe 2 and ZnGeP 2) are practically used, they still have some intrinsic drawbacks, so that it is of great scientific significance to discover new materials with good MIR NLO performances. Among the main systems of chalcogenides to explore MIR NLO crystals, metal thiophosphates and selenophosphates are competitive for their structural diversities and strong covalent P−Q bonds. Here, Ag 4 P 2 Se 6 (P 2 1 2 1 2 1) was selected to evaluate the second−order harmonic generation (SHG) property. As a result, the SHG response with phase−matching ability is about 0.5 times that of AgGaS 2 at 2.05 μ m in the particle range of 210–270 μ m, and the laser damage threshold (LDT) is larger than that of AgGaS 2. Remarkably, this compound is of low melt temperature of 642 °C with a congruent melting character, also possesses excellent chemical stability, facilitating its further crystal growth and fabrication. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Representing ternary Ag-based selenophosphates, SHG effect of Ag 4 P 2 Se 6 was measured. • Ag 4 P 2 Se 6 possesses a congruent melting character (642 °C) and chemical stability. • Ag 4 P 2 Se 6 displays a moderate SHG response but larger LDT than that of AGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract P 4 Se 3 microparticles are successfully synthesized by simple heating of selenium and amorphous red phosphorus at low temperature. These orthorhombic-phase microparticles exhibit a high reversible capacity of 654 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 70 cycles and an excellent rate capability with a reversible capacity of 486 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1 as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. This superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the formation of Na 2 Se and Se during cycling with better conductivities (≈10−6 and ≈10−5 S cm−1) and the dominant position of capacitance behavior, which all accelerate kinetic behavior. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Orthorhombic-phase P 4 Se 3 microparticles are synthesized by heating Se and P powders. • P 4 Se 3 exhibits a capacity of 486 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1. • P 4 Se 3 retains a capacity of 654 mA h g−1 after 70 cycles at 200 mA g−1. • The capacity retention is 91% after 70 cycles at 200 mA g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract At present, the improvement of the efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) is very necessary and urgent. One of the important aspects of improving efficiency is the development of materials for counter electrodes (CEs). In this article, the novel Graphene combined with Scruffy Perovskite -La 2 CdSnTiO 4 -WSe 2 (G-LCT-W) were fabricated through a simple hydrothermal method and used for CEs in DSSCs. The effect of different amount of graphene oxide (GO) from 2 to 6 %wt was investigated. The highest conversion efficiency of 12.23% was obtained for the 4% G-LCT-W CE, which is higher than the conventional Pt CE at the same condition. This work described the effect of synergistic between GO and perovskite LCT-W, which significant to obtain higher electrocatalytic activity for iodide redox reaction. Therefore, we are pleased to present this material as an alternative material to enhance energy conversion in the future in both industry and education. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Scruffy Perovskite -La 2 CdSnTiO 4 -WSe 2 was Grafted onto graphene sheets for counter electrodes in DSSCs. • The effect of different amount of graphene oxide (GO) from 2 to 6 %wt was investigated. • The synergic effect between perovskite material and graphene were described. • The highest conversion efficiency of 12.23% was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this communication, low resistive bulk La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 (LCMO) was prepared by solid state reaction (SSR) route whereas high resistive nanoparticles of LaMnO 3 (LMO) was prepared by cost effective sol–gel technique. Composites of LMO and LCMO were prepared by mixing them in different weight ratios, i.e. LMO = 10%, 20% and 30% in LCMO manganite matrix. In the present study, LMO have been used as nanoparticle fillers in the LCMO matrix lattice to study the transport properties of the composites. X–ray diffraction (XRD) measurement reveals the single phasic nature of the composites without any detectable impurity within the measurement range studied. XRD pattern of higher LMO content based composite possesses slightly different structural phases of LMO and LCMO. Resistivity measurement reveals that all the composites exhibit metal to insulator electronic phase transition at respective T P , wherein values of resistivity and T P get modified due to the cooling or heating cycles performed, measurement current used and LMO nanoparticle filler content in the composites. These variations have been discussed in the context of scattering centres created due to the presence of LMO fillers and complex phase separation scenario of the composites. A clear phase separation in higher filler content based composite has been displayed in its resistivity behaviour. To understand the charge transport mechanisms responsible for metallic and insulating (or semiconducting) regions in resistivity behaviours of the composites, most suitable zener double exchange polynomial law and Mott type variable range hopping mechanism were fitted theoretically to the obtained experimental results. Fittings show that spin fluctuations in the composites are highly dependent on the cycles performed, current applied and LMO nanoparticle filler content in the composites. Applied negative and positive current and voltage dependent resistance of the composites reveal the negative electroresistance. Both, resistance of the composites as well as electroresistance are highly affected by the cycles performed, current applied and LMO nanoparticle filler content in the composites understudy. Temperature dependent electroresistance was studied for better insight into an active role of phase separation near electronic phase transition temperatures for all manganite based composites. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Transport properties of manganite–manganite composites. • Preparation of single phasic manganite metallic matrix using ceramic method. • Synthesis of nanostructured manganite fillers using sol–gel technique. • Role of complex phase separation scenario in charge conduction mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The novel type composites consisting of CoSn and CoSn 2 nanoparticles embedded in the nitrogenous carbon skeleton (denoted as SnCo/NC) were synthesized by a facile and scalable method of freeze-drying with assistance of cubic NaCl particles as template. The SnCo alloy nanoparticles can buffer the internal stress caused by the volume expansion of Sn during the process of charge/discharge. Furthermore, due to the synergistic effect with the hierarchical nanostructures of SnCo/NC composite, the composite shows excellent electrochemical performance as anode for lithium-ion batteries. At a current density of 1 A g−1, the SnCo/NC composite still can reach specific capacity of 810 mAh g−1 even after 600 cycles. Highlights • SnCo alloy embedded in N-doped porous carbon architecture was synthesized. • EDTA chelation and NaCl template build 3D C matrix with capsules for Sn/Co. • The alloying, uniform dispersion and carbon coating improve cycle performance. • The SnCo/NC material exhibits excellent rate performance and cycle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Inter- and intragranular SiC-nanoparticle/Mg 2 Si composites were fabricated by plasma activated sintering, and the fracture toughness and thermoelectric properties were characterized. The toughness of the intragranular composite was 60% higher than that of pure Mg 2 Si. The electrical conductivity became lower compared with pure Mg 2 Si, however, it was independent of SiC content up to 5 vol%. Incorporation of a large amount of SiC nanoparticles within the Mg 2 Si grains is therefore an effective way to simultaneously improve toughness and thermoelectric properties. Highlights • Intra-granular SiC-nanoparticle/Mg 2 Si composites were successfully fabricated by plasma activated sintering. • Fracture toughness was improved up to 1.02MPam1/2 by incorporation of SiC nanoparticle. • Intra-granular reinforcement was effective to improve mechanical properties without reducing thermoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The exploration of high-performance anode materials by designing different synthesis methods is crucial to the development of next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Ultrafine Ni 2 P nanoparticles embedded in one-dimensional carbon skeleton derived from metal-organic frameworks template are obtained and used as LIBs anode electrode. The unique architecture of Ni 2 P@C electrode delivered a high capacity of 610.4 mA h g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1, excellent rate capability and superior cycling stability with no obvious capacity decay over 400 cycles at a high current of 500 mA g−1, indicating the promising potential for LIBs application. Significantly, this design method of nanoparticles embedded in carbon skeleton may become a novel strategy for synthesizing other metal phosphides used as next generation LIBs anode materials. Highlights • Ultrafine Ni 2 P nanoparticles derived from MOFs template was obtained. • This unique structure used in lithium storage is reported for the first time. • Ni 2 P nanoparticles greatly shorten the migration distance of lithium ions. • The unique architecture contributes to the excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, nanostructured rare-earth-doped zirconia was successfully synthesized, through a simple hydrothermal method, with a rare-earth oxide (REO)-based content varying from 0.5 to 5% molar (REO = CeO 2 ; Er 2 O 3). The samples were characterized by using several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoactivity of the samples was tested under irradiation with simulated solar light by both the spin trapping technique, using DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) as spin trapping agent, and by the photodegradation of Rhodamine B, a common textile dye. All the doped samples resulted more active than the bare zirconia, and the correlation between the physical-chemical properties and the photoactivity of the materials has been investigated. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Nanostructured Ce and Er-doped ZrO 2 were synthesized with the hydrothermal method. • The addition of RE stabilized the nanocrystalline form and the tetragonal zirconia. • The Ce doped samples were able to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) in solution • All doped materials resulted active in the degradation of the Rhodamine B dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract CuO nanoparticles were produced using a simple precipitation method in a rotating packed bed with blade packings in continuous mode. The reactant and precipitant were CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 , respectively. The effects of the rotational speed, the flow rates of aqueous CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 , and the concentrations of CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 on the size of the produced CuO nanoparticles were studied. The results thus obtained indicate that a lower rotational speed and smaller flow rates of aqueous CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 yielded smaller CuO nanoparticles. However, increasing concentrations of CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO reduced the size of the produced CuO nanoparticles. The smallest CuO nanoparticles, which had an average size of 54 nm, were produced at a rotational speed of 600 rpm, flow rates of aqueous CuSO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 of 0.3 L/min, a CuSO 4 concentration of 0.3 mol/L, and an Na 2 CO 3 concentration of 0.3 mol/L. The catalytic activity of the smallest CuO nanoparticles was evaluated by using them to degrade methylene blue with H 2 O 2. CuO nanoparticles effectively activated H 2 O 2 and so degraded methylene blue with an efficiency of 62% in 90 min. Highlights • RPB with blade packings can produce CuO nanoparticles on a large scale. • CuO nanoparticles have an average size of 54 nm. • CuO nanoparticles exhibit a good catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To address the need for new synthetic methods to prepare novel nanocomposites, here we present a direct route for preparing multi-oxide inorganic composites with specific architecture of nanoparticles decorating nanotubes. Our route involves cycles of impregnation of a metallo-organic precursor of nickel into hematite nanotubes and subsequently thermally decomposing it, that we named IDC. We characterized the nanotubes before and after ten sequential IDC. The obtained material is a composite of NiO nanoparticles grown onto the walls of hematite nanotubes. Hematite nanotubes are morphologic and chemically stable during the entire synthetic process. In the synthetic route tested by us, virtually any metallo-organic precursor/combinations of precursors can be used. Our method can be explored to obtain tailored nanocomposites consisting of nanoparticles with different oxides combinations decorating the walls of nanotubes, with potential use such as in catalysis and biomedicine. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • We present a method to prepare NiO nanoparticles decorating hematite nanotubes. • Nanoparticles grow preferentially on the inner-surface of the nanotubes. • Hematite nanotube is chemical and mechanically stable during the synthetic process. • Virtually any combination of oxides can be obtained using our synthetic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Large-scale production of clean and renewable fuels is crucial for satisfying the world's energy needs, and hydrogen evolution via photo-driven water splitting stands as a prime candidate to fill this need. In present work, we converted carbonized poplar catkins (CPC) microtubes into microsheets by ultrasonic crushing and subsequently deposited CdS nanoparticles on the microsheets to synthesize the CdS/carbon (CdS/CPC) photocatalyst for photo-driven hydrogen evolution. The carbon microsheets were ∼160 nm thick and 1–20 μm wide in dimensions, and CdS nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼20 nm were homogeneously dispersed on the microsheets. The CdS/CPC composites showed a higher visible-light absorption and larger photocurrent density compared with pure CdS. The as-prepared composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for water splitting, and the H 2 -evolution rate was up to 5367 μmol g−1 h−1, approximately 7.8 times that of pure CdS. Moreover, CdS/CPC-2 can retain 93.8% of its original H 2 -evolution rate after 4-cycle continuous catalyzing last for 16 h. The extremely high activity of CdS/CPC can be attributed to its lower interfacial charge-transfer resistance and the effective separation of photo-induced electrons because of two-dimensional structure. A combination of low-cost production and excellent photocatalytic H 2 -evolution demonstrates the potential application of bio-derived carbon-based microsheets for noble-metal-free photocatalyst. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Carbon microsheets were synthesized from biowaste poplar catkins. • CdS nanoparticles were uniformly decorated on carbon microsheets. • CdS/CPC showed better H 2 -evolution rate and stability compared to pure CdS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A dual functional sensor for detecting both UV light and H 2 S gas was fabricated using the hexagonal phase porous In 2 O 3 nanoparticles, which were prepared using the hydrothermal and calcination process. The porous In 2 O 3 nanoparticles with large surface areas and pore volumes could provide plenty of active sites to produce much active oxygen species, which were beneficial for the UV light and H 2 S gas sensing reactions, thus resulting in a good sensing performance. At room temperature, the dual functional sensor based on porous In 2 O 3 nanoparticles exhibited ultra-high responses for sensing both UV light (with a wavelength of 365 nm) and H 2 S gas. As a UV sensor, its response was 12886.0 for a UV power intensity of 1.287 mW/cm2 and its detection limit was 0.013 mW/cm2. As a H 2 S gas sensor, the sensor exhibited an ultra-high response (26268.5–1 ppm H 2 S) and a very low detection limit (1 ppb of H 2 S), and it also have excellent selectivity, reversibility and stability. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Porous In 2 O 3 nanoparticles with large surface areas and pore volume were prepared. • Dual-function sensor was fabricated using these porous In 2 O 3 to detect UV and H 2 S. • The UV and H 2 S dual-function sensor was operated at room temperature. • The sensor showed ultra-high sensitivity to both UV light and H 2 S gas. • The sensor exhibited super detection limit to both UV light and H 2 S gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, surface-plasmon mediated enhanced photoluminescence emission has been investigated on Ni, Ti, and NiTi coated ZnO nanowires (NWs). ZnO NWs have been synthesized using a facile hydrothermal process, where NWs are coated with three different metals (Ni, Ti, and NiTi) using sputter deposition technique. It has been found that there is a significant improvement in near band edge emission (NBE) and passivation in deep level emission (DLE) in such metal embedded ZnO NWs and these emission properties can be tuned as we change the metal. Notably, we have achieved the highest enhancement of ∼6 times in NBE and best suppression of ∼15 times) in DLE by alloying of such metals (Ni and Ti). Such a remarkable DLE suppression is attributed to the presence of defect centers in ZnO NWs. The defect transition energy of ZnO is in resonance with the surface plasmon energy of metal nanoparticles, which leads to the conversion of DLE into NBE. The enhancement of NBE and suppression of DLE are possible due to the surface plasmon resonance coupling between metal nanoparticles (NPs) and ZnO NWs. Therefore, we conclude that earth abundant metals, such as Ni and Ti show significant SPR coupling on ZnO NWs and the alloying (NiTi) of such metals presents further improved SPR compared to the respective individual metals. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Ni, Ti, and NiTi capped ZnO NWs synthesized for photoluminescence enhancement. • NiTi-ZnO NWs show better surface plasmon resonance compared to Ni/Ti-ZnO NWs. • Enhancement factor of ∼6 observed in near band edge emission in NiTi-ZnO NWs. • Suppression factor of ∼15 observed in deep level emission in NiTi-ZnO NWs. • Earth abundant metal-ZnO NWs show comparable photoluminescence over noble metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, the self-made MoS 2 nanosheets were attempted to be modified with oleic diethanolamide borate (ODAB) through a simple one-step route. The as-modified MoS 2 nanosheets were confirmed by a series of characterizations. The results showed that the MoS 2 nanosheets could be chemically well capped by ODAB to form C-S bonds. Furthermore, the tribological experimental results indicated that the ODAB-MoS 2 nanosheets as lubricant additives could improve the friction properties of base oil. At the optimal adding content of 0.06 wt%, the average friction coefficient, average wear scar diameter and extreme pressure performance of the ODAB-MoS 2 -based oil were decreased by about 27.9%, 22.9% and 17.4% as compared to base oil, respectively. Finally, the friction mechanism was discussed and proposed. Highlights • The MoS 2 nanosheets were chemically well capped by oleic diethanolamide borate molecules. • The ODAB-MoS 2 nanosheets possessed the better dispersibility and stability. • The ODAB-MoS 2 nanosheets showed better tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) as a typical p-type semiconductor, has attracted much more attention because of its many potential applications. Its nanoparticles were prepared successfully with a solvothermal method, Cu(II), Zn(II) and Sn(IV) inorganic salts and thiourea as precursors, and deionized water, ethylene alcohol and N, N -dimethylformamide as solvents. The degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution was carried out to investigate the visible-light catalytic activity under metal halide lamp. The results indicated that different morphology of CZTS had photocatalytic activity to RhB under visible light, and flower-like CZTS with deionized water displayed higher photodegradation efficiency than other samples, with degradation rate of 99.8% within 100 min. Highlights • CZTS particles were synthesized by solvothermal method. • Flower-like CZTS exhibits highest photocatalytic activity. • The CZTS particles exhibit excellent visible-light activity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Efficient and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for water-splitting are highly desired. This article reports an in situ synthesis of metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles by etching nickel-copper alloy nanoparticles without additional metal precursors. The nickel-copper nanoparticles serve as the metal precursor sources and are encapsulated into metal-organic frameworks to enhance the catalytic performances and stability for OER. The catalyst shows excellent OER performance, superior to the copper-nickel nanoparticles and pure MOF-74. This work also provides a promising way to extend the application of MOFs for novel catalysts. Highlights • Bimetallic Cu-Ni alloy nanoparticles were in situ encapsulated in Cu-Ni-MOF. • Embedded nanoparticles promoted the electrical conductivity and stability of MOFs. • The bimetallic alloy/MOF heterostructure shows enhanced performances for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fe@C-VS 4 /RGO composite is synthesized via ball-milling the mixture of VS 4 /RGO and Fe@C nanoparticles, and exhibits better electrochemical stability than the pristine VS 4 /RGO. Through the CV, galvanostatic tests in different potential range, and DFT calculation, it is found that metal nanoparticles play positive effects on the redox reactions of VS 4 , which can restrain the irreversible reactions between polysulfides and ester based electrolytes, and catalyze the conversion of Li 2 S into S. our results provide a new strategy to improve the electrochemical stability of sulfur/sulfides electrodes in carbonate ester electrolytes via the incorporation of metal nanoparticles. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Fe@C-VS 4 /RGO composites have been successfully prepared via a ball milling method. • Fe@C-VS 4 /RGO anode exhibits the improved cycling stability. • Fe nanoparticles can interact with polysulfides and catalyze the oxidation of Li 2 S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Plasmonic enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is recognized as an effective approach to improve the solar to hydrogen efficiency. However, the most reports focused on the noble metals such as Au, Ag and Pt and the high cost restricts the practical application. In this work, the ZnO films hybridized with Cu nano particles (NPs) are fabricated by a two-step dc magnetron sputtering method and used as the photoanodes in water oxidation. Various characterizations including XRD, AFM, XPS, TEM, UV–Vis and PL spectra have been conducted, respectively. Moreover, the PEC performance of the samples is also investigated. Compared with the bare ZnO photoanode, the Cu/ZnO photoanode shows higher photocurrent densities under illumination. The enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the improved visible absorption and electrons conductivity based on the surface plasmon resonance effect of Cu NPs. Therefore, it offers a brand new facile method for improving the performance of PEC reactions. Highlights • ZnO films hybridized with Cu nano particles are fabricated. • Cu/ZnO photoanode shows much higher photocurrent densities under illumination. • The improvements can be ascribed to the SPR effect of Cu NPs. • It offers a brand new facile method for improving the performance of PEC reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]