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Hot compression experiments of a Ti55511 titanium alloy are conducted to study the phase transformation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior. It is found that the fraction of α phase decreases with increasing the strain rate or deformation amount. Meanwhile, the original lamellar α phases easily transform into the spheroidal and bulk α phases at larger deformation amounts or higher strain rates. Most of α phases disappear and the final microstructures are mainly β phases when the temperature is over 800 °C. The DRX degree rises with raising the deformation amount or decreasing the strain rate. However, the DRX behavior becomes weaken with raising the deformation temperature. α phases are evenly distributed around β phases during hot compressive deformation, which not only restrains the growth of β phases but also promotes the DRX process of β phases. In addition, the geometric DRX takes place within α phases, while the continuous DRX occurs within β phases during the hot compression. Image 1 • Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of a Ti55511 titanium alloy are studied. • The volume fraction of α phase decreases with increasing the strain rate or deformation degree. • Initial lamellar α phases easily transforms into bulk/spheroidal α phases at the larger strains or higher strain rates. • The α phases not only restrains the growth of β phase, but also promotes the DRX process of β phase. • The geometric DRX takes place within α phases, while the continuous DRX occurs within β phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]