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Six varieties were chosen from three different maturity groups: Galina and NS Princeza (0), Sava and NS Apolo (I), and Rubin and NS Zita (II) in order to examine the effect of priming on germination energy depending on soybean seed age. The seeds were produced in the period from 2012 to 2014, i.e., one- to three-year-old seeds were used. The following treatments were used for priming: distilled water - hydropriming (H2O), ascorbic acid 250 mg/l (ASA), folic acid 15 mg/l (Fol.), hydrogen peroxide 1% (H2O2), and control - non-treated seeds (C). Results showed that the effects of priming depended on the variety, seed age, as well as on the applied treatment. Some varieties reacted to priming very well, while others had an inhibited reaction, so germination energy was significantly reduced. Rubin variety had the most favourable reaction, whereby all treatments of this variety led to an increase of quality, with an average increase of 2-8%. The application of primers on one-year-old soybean seeds had a weaker effect than on two- and three -year-old seeds. However, one-year-old seeds had minor oscillations in quality due to priming. The application of priming on one-year-old seeds can lead to an increase or decrease of germination energy by 3%, while two- and three-year-old seeds reached 7%. The results showed that seed priming in ascorbic acid had a positive effect, while the application of other primers did not affect the value of germination energy, nor did it lead to a decrease of its value. Ascorbic acid activity led to the largest increase in the quality of three-year-old soybean seeds by 2.83%, while the increase in the quality of two- and three-year-old seeds was 1.87%. Therefore, we can conclude that there is no universal use of one single primer, as it might not be suitable for each particular variety and can ultimately result in the seed quality decrease., Da bi se ispitao efekat potapanja na energiju klijanja starog semena soje, za analizu je odabrano šest sorti iz tri različite grupe zrenja: Galina i NS Princeza (0 grupa), Sava i NS Apolo (I grupa), Rubin i NS Zita (II grupa zrenja). Seme je proizvedeno u periodu od 2012. do 2014. godine, odnosno seme starosti tri, dve i jednu godinu. Za potapanje su korišćeni sledeći tretmani: destilovana voda (H2O), askorbinska kiselina 250 mg/l (ASA), folna kiselina 15 mg/l (Fol.), vodonik-peroksid 1% (H2O2) i kontrola - netretirano seme (C). Rezultati su pokazali da efekat potapanja zavisi od sorte, starosti semena, ali i tretmana koji se koristi. Neke sorte veoma dobro reaguju na potapanje, dok kod drugih dolazi do inhibitornog delovanja, pa se energija klijanja semena značajno smanjuje. Sorta Rubin je najbolje reagovala i jedino su kod ove sorte svi tretmani doveli do povećanja kvaliteta, u proseku od 2% do 8%. Primena prajmera kod jednogodišnjeg semena soje ostvarila je slabiji efekat nego kod dvogodišnjeg i trogodišnjeg semena. Međutim, kod jednogodišnjeg semena manje su oscilacije u kvalitetu usled potapanja. Kod jednogodišnjeg semena dejstvom prajmera energija klijanja može da se poveća odnosno smanji za 3%, dok se kod dvogodišnjeg i trogodišnjeg ta vrednost kreće do 7%. Rezultati pokazuju da je potapanje semena u askorbinsku kiselinu ostvarilo pozitivan efekat, dok primena ostalih prajmera nije uticala na vrednost energije klijanja ili je dovela do pada njene vrednosti. U proseku, dejstvom askorbinske kiseline najviše je došlo do povećanja kvaliteta trogodišnjeg semena soje - 2,83%, dok je povećanje dvogodišnjeg i trogodišnjeg bilo isto i iznosilo je 1.87%. Zbog toga se ne može govoriti o univerzalnoj primeni samo jednog prajmera, jer se može dogoditi da on ne odgovara određenoj sorti, ali i starosti semena, pa može doći do pada kvaliteta semena.

The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of biostimulators, with or without the use of fungicides, on seed quality parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling. Testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on cytoplasmic male sterile sunflower line HA-26-PR. The experiment included six treatments: Slavol S (25%), Slavol S (25%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Bioplant Flora (2%), Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicide (a.m. metalaxyl-M), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicide (a. m. metalaxyl-M) and control. Results of the research showed that treating the seed with biostimulators prior to sowing has a significant influence on seed germination parameters and early growth of sunflower seedling. The individual application of fertilizers, with or without the use of fungicide, gave a positive effect, while their combination led to a negative effect. The individual application of fertilizers, with or without combination with fungicide, may increase germination energy by 5%, germinability by 6%, but may also reduce the time of seed germination. Likewise, their use has a positive effect on early growth of sunflower seedling., Cilj rada bio je da se ispita uticaj biostimulatora, sa ili bez upotrebe fungicida, na parametre kvaliteta semena i rani porast klijanca suncokreta. Testiranje je sprovedeno u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu na citoplazmatski muško sterilnoj liniji suncokreta HA-26-PR. U ogled je bilo uključeno šest tretmana: Slavol S (25%), Slavol S (25%) + fungicid (a.m. metalaksil-m), Bioplant Flora (2%), Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicid (a.m. metalaksil-m), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%), Slavol S (25%) + Bioplant Flora (2%) + fungicid (a. m. metalaksil-m) i kontrola. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da tretiranje semena biostimulatorima pre setve ima značajan uticaj na parametre klijanja semena i rani porast klijanca suncokreta. Pojedinačna primena preparata, sa ili bez upotrebe fungicida, dala je pozitivan efekat, dok je njihova kombinacija dovela do negativnog dejstva. Pojedinačnom primenom preparata, sa ili bez kombinacije sa fungicidom, može se povećati energija klijanja za 5%, klijavost za 6%, ali i skratiti vreme klijanja semena. Takođe, njihovom upotrebom ostvaruje se pozitivan efekat i na rani porast klijanca suncokreta.

The aim of this study was to examine optimal time of soybean seed priming and effect of primers under salt stress conditions. Testing was performed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, on Galina seed variety. Optimal priming time was determined by immersing seed into: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0.1%), and H2O with the duration of 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. After drying until the initial moisture, the seed was placed for germination and after eight days germination was determined. In the second part of the experiment, the seed was immersed into: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0,1%), and H2O after which their effect on germination energy and seed germination under simulated salinity conditions was examined. Simulated salinity conditions represented substrate for germination to which NaCl in different concentrations was added (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). Results of the research showed that the six-hour priming of seed was the best with all primers. The percentage of seed germination linearly reduced with the increase of priming time. The research has shown that seed priming represents a favorable technique for the reduction of a negative effect of NaCl on germination energy and soybean seed germination, and the best effect is accomplished with the use of KNO3., Cilj rada bio je da se ispita optimalno vreme potapanja semena soje i njegov efekat u uslovima sonog stresa. Testiranje je sprovedeno u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu na semenu sorte Galina. Optimalno vreme utvrđeno je potapanjem semena u prajmere: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0,1%) i H2O u trajanju od 6 h, 12 h, 18 h i 24 h. Posle sušenja do prvobitne vlage, seme je stavljeno na naklijavanje, a nakon 8 dana utvrđena je klijavost. U drugom ogledu seme je potapano u prajmere: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0,1%) i H2O, a nakon toga ispitivan je njihov efekat na energiju klijanja i klijavost semena u uslovima simulirane zaslanjenosti. Simulirane uslove zaslanjenosti predstavljale su podloge za naklijavanje kojima je dodat rastvor NaCl u različitim koncentracijama (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najbolje šestočasovno potapanje semena kod svih prajmera. Sa povećanjem vremena potapanja linearno se smanjuje procenat klijavosti semena. Istraživanja su pokazala i da potapanje semena predstavlja povoljnu tehniku za smanjenje negativnog uticaja NaCl na energiju klijanja i klijavost semena soje, a najbolji efekat ostvaren je upotrebom KNO3.