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Extra virgin olive oils from drupes of three Sicilian varieties (Biancolilla, Cerasuola, and Nocellara del Belice) collected at three different harvesting periods were analyzed upon heating by means of DSC, and thermal properties were related to the chemical composition of the samples. All thermograms exhibited multiple transitions with a minor exothermic peak, followed by a major endothermic event. Cerasuola samples showed higher overall enthalpy and narrower range of transition at all harvesting periods, as compared to the other oils. A more ordered crystal structure originating from a more uniform chemical composition, with higher triolein content, in Cerasuola may be hypothesized. At different harvesting periods, thermal transitions started at lower temperatures and developed over a narrower range in all cultivars, probably due to the insertion of molecules derived from triacylglycerol lysis (diacylglycerols and free fatty acids) and lipid oxidation products into the triacylglycerol crystal lattice. All heating thermograms were deconvoluted into one exothermic and five endothermic constituent peaks, and the effect of chemical components on thermal properties of the peaks was evaluated. DSC application upon heating appears to be very promising in discriminating among oil samples from olives of different cultivars and/or harvesting periods.

Thermal properties of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (upon cooling) and related to their chemical composition (triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, total and free fatty acids, oxidation status). The overall crystallization enthalpy did not significantly differ among samples and did not account for the differences observed in chemical compositions. On the contrary, a higher degree of unsaturation in the lipid profile induced a shift of the crystallization onset towards lower temperatures and narrowing of the crystallization temperature range. The presence of triacylglycerol lysis and lipid oxidation products shifted the crystallization towards higher temperatures and the phase transition developed over a larger temperature range. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms were deconvoluted into three constituent exothermic peaks for all samples. The area of the two lower-temperature exotherms was found to be statistically correlated with the amount of triunsaturated and monosaturated triacylglycerols present in the oil. Thermal properties of extra virgin olive oil were found to be affected by oil chemical composition.

Molecular mobility of water was studied in a microbiological media containing complex and heterogeneous mixtures of cellulose, l-sorbose, and orange serum broth (OSB) using (2)H and (17)O high-resolution NMR. All mixtures showed Lorentian (17)O NMR spectra but complex (2)H NMR line shapes. Sorbose, when solubilized, caused line-narrowing where as cellulose-OSB mixtures showed wide peaks with flat plateaus. Presence of liquid or solvent water had a profound effect on a marked increase in T(2) relaxation time observed in sorbose-containing samples. (17)O NMR data were not composition dependent, while (2)H NMR data were highly sorbose dependent.