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To compare the effect of a lifestyle intervention programme using mobile application versus booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS) living in the community.A multisite randomized controlled trial with three parallel arms, namely metabolic syndrome app group, booklet group, and control group.The research study has been supported by the Health and Medical Research fund in Hong Kong in 2019. The protocol was approved by the study university and the selected community centres. Three hundred and sixty subjects will be recruited from community centres and randomized into either one arm. Inclusion criteria are those adult with MetS, able to use a smart phone. All participants received a 30-min health educational session. App group participants will receive a mobile application while booklet group participants will receive a specific booklet of MetS care and the control group receive a placebo booklet only. The primary outcomes comprises of body weight. The secondary outcomes include total physical exercise, cardiometablolic risk factors, cardiovascular endurance, self-efficacy for exercise, and stress level. Data will be collected at baseline, weeks 4, 12, and 24. SPSS and generalized estimating equations model will be employed for data analysis.Metabolic syndrome is a common health problem associated with the heightened risk of cardiovascular disease and the risks are potentially amenable to lifestyle intervention. The results will compare the relative effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention using an app versus a booklet on physical and psychological outcomes for adults with MetS.What problem will the study address? The results will inform the healthcare professional and nurses about the effective way for health promotion, to enhance patient's lifestyle modification and exercise sustainability that will be beneficial to the clients' health.目的: 比较对生活在社区中患有代谢综合征(MetS)的成年人采取手机应用程序干预方案与手册进行干预的效果。 设计: 采用代谢综合征手机应用程序组、手册组以及对照组三组平行进行多组随机对照试验。 方法: 本研究已于2019年获得香港卫生与医学研究基金的资助。该方案已被研究大学和选定社区中心批准。将从社区中心招募360名试验对象并随机分为两组。入选标准是那些患有代谢综合征、能够使用智能手机的成年人。所有参与试验的人都接受了30分钟的健康教育。手机应用程序组受试者将接收到一款手机应用程序,而手册组受试者将收到一份关于代谢综合征护理的详细手册,对照组则只会收到一份安慰手册。主要试验结果包括体重。次要结果则包括所有体育锻炼、心脏代谢的种种风险因素、心血管耐力、锻炼自我效能以及压力水平。将在基线、第4周、第12周以及第24周收集数据。将采用SPSS和广义估计方程模型进行数据分析。 讨论: 代谢综合征是一种与心血管疾病的高风险相关的常见健康问题,这些风险可能适合生活方式干预。该结果将比较使用手机应用程序的生活方式干预与手册干预对患有代谢综合征的成年人身心影响的相对有效性。 影响: 该研究将会解决什么问题?该结果将有助于医护人员及护士了解促进健康的有效方法,从而改善病人的生活方式以及加强能促进病人健康的运动的可持续性。.

Aims To examine the accuracy and acceptability of capillary blood glucose monitoring using the earlobe. Background In current practice, blood samples for capillary blood glucose monitoring are obtained from the fingertip. Because obtaining blood samples from the fingertip is sometimes contraindicated, it is necessary to identify an alternative site for the procedure. Design A single-patient design with repeated measurements. Methods Patients from an outpatient clinic and four medical wards were recruited to the study, in 2014, if they met one of the following criteria: (i) were in a relatively stable glycaemic state; (ii) were currently receiving intravenous infusion; (iii) had been diagnosed with chronic renal impairment or (iv) were aged 65 years or above and bedbound. Blood samples were obtained from the fingertip and the earlobe consecutively for blood glucose monitoring. Participants were asked to rate the respective pain level caused by the procedures. Intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to demonstrate the level of absolute agreement between the two blood glucose readings. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the pain levels. Results A total of 120 patients participated in the study between February – December 2014. The intra-class correlation coefficient between the readings at the two sampling sites was significantly high, except in a hypoglycaemic state. Participants generally reported a significantly lower level of pain when the earlobe rather than fingertip was pricked. Conclusion The earlobe is to be recommended as a safe alternative site for capillary blood glucose monitoring unless the patient is in a suspected hypoglycaemic state.

To explore nursing students' perception of peer learning during cross-cultural learning activities through student-led webinars.An exploratory qualitative study.Thematic analysis of data collected from reflective journals and focus-group interviews of participating nursing students across three international universities in Australia, Hong Kong, and Sweden during autumn 2017.Three themes were identified: peer learning as creation of friendship; peer learning from interactions that went beyond what was originally intended; and peer learning as empowered learning.Combining peer learning as an educational approach with cross-cultural and student-led webinars provided new perspectives. On-line learning across global boundaries, based on a sound educational model, creates new opportunities for internationalization without straining individual and institutional financial resources.目的: 在跨文化学习活动中,通过学生主导的在线研讨会探究护理专业学生对同伴学习的看法。 设计: 采用考察性定性研究。 方法: 本研究于2017年秋季通过反馈性日志以及焦点团体访谈收集数据,其中由澳大利亚、香港和瑞典三个国际大学护理专业学生参与焦点团体访谈。 结果: 有三个主题:同伴学习建立友谊;同伴学习交流超过了原先的预想;同伴学习是能力的学习。 结论: 同伴学习作为一种教育方法,同跨文化以及学生主导的在线研讨会相结合,为教育提供了新的研究视角。基于完善的教育模式,跨越国界进行在线学习,为国际化创造了新的机遇,不再受个人和机构资金资源的限制。.

Aims This article discusses the ways researchers may become open to manifold interpretations of lived experience through thematic analysis that follows the tradition of hermeneutic phenomenology. Background Martin Heidegger's thinking about historical contexts of understandings and the notions of ‘alētheia’ and ‘techne’ disclose what he called meaning of lived experience, as the ‘unchanging Being of changing beings’. While these notions remain central to hermeneutic phenomenological research, novice phenomenologists usually face the problem of how to incorporate these philosophical tenets into thematic analysis. Design Discussion paper. Data sources This discussion paper is based on our experiences of hermeneutic analysis supported by the writings of Heidegger. Literature reviewed for this paper ranges from 1927 – 2014. We draw on data from a study of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong to demonstrate how ‘dwelling’ in the language of participants’ ‘ek-sistence’ supported us in a process of thematic analysis. Data were collected from December 2013 – February 2016. Implications for Nursing Nurses doing hermeneutic phenomenology have to develop self-awareness of one's own ‘taken-for-granted’ thinking to disclose the unspoken meanings hidden in the language of participants. Understanding the philosophical tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology allows nurses to preserve possibilities of interpretations in thinking. In so doing, methods of thematic analysis can uncover and present the structure of the meaning of lived experience. Conclusion We provide our readers with vicarious experience of how to begin cultivating thinking that is aligned with hermeneutic phenomenological philosophical tenets to conduct thematic analysis.

leung d.y.p. & leung a.Y.M. (2010) Factor structure and gender invariance of the Chinese General Self-Efficacy Scale among soon-to-be-aged adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1383–1392. Abstract Aim. The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Chinese General Self-Efficacy Scale and gender invariance in the structure. Background. The General Self-Efficacy Scale was developed in 1981 and revised in 1995 to measure people’s beliefs or expectations about their ability to perform tasks on their own across a wide range of demanding/novel situations. While the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale has been examined for adolescents and adults from clinical populations, its psychometric properties for community-dwelling Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults, who are in a transitional stage from adulthood to later life, have not been tested. Females have consistently reported a lower general self-efficacy level than males, but it is unclear whether the difference is a result of response bias of the inventory by gender. Method. A convenience sample of Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults (n = 695) in 28 non-government organizations in Hong Kong completed the survey from March to May 2005. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the factor structure and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to test the gender invariance of the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results. The proposed factor structure of the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale was an excellent fit to the overall data, and held equally well for both males and females, both genders demonstrating an equivalent pattern of factor loadings. The Cronbach alpha value was high (0·89). Conclusion. The Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy is a reliable and valid scale and both genders responded to it using the same framework and metric, thus allowing it to be used with confidence in non-clinical Chinese soon-to-be-aged adult samples.

The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Chinese General Self-Efficacy Scale and gender invariance in the structure.The General Self-Efficacy Scale was developed in 1981 and revised in 1995 to measure people's beliefs or expectations about their ability to perform tasks on their own across a wide range of demanding/novel situations. While the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale has been examined for adolescents and adults from clinical populations, its psychometric properties for community-dwelling Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults, who are in a transitional stage from adulthood to later life, have not been tested. Females have consistently reported a lower general self-efficacy level than males, but it is unclear whether the difference is a result of response bias of the inventory by gender.A convenience sample of Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults (n = 695) in 28 non-government organizations in Hong Kong completed the survey from March to May 2005. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the factor structure and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to test the gender invariance of the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale.The proposed factor structure of the Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale was an excellent fit to the overall data, and held equally well for both males and females, both genders demonstrating an equivalent pattern of factor loadings. The Cronbach alpha value was high (0·89).The Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy is a reliable and valid scale and both genders responded to it using the same framework and metric, thus allowing it to be used with confidence in non-clinical Chinese soon-to-be-aged adult samples.