1. The Role of Social Support in Machismo and Acceptance of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence Baseline Results
- Author
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Barbara Jankowiak, Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez, Nicola Bowes, Carmen Vives-Cases, Alba Ayala, Sofia Neves, Belén Sanz-Barbero, Vanesa Pérez-Martínez, Cristina Pereira Vieira, Katarzyna Waszyńska, Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales, Nicoletta Rosati, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Psicología Aplicada a la Salud y Comportamiento Humano (PSYBHE), Salud Pública, Investigación en Género (IG), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and European Commission
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Male ,Adolescents Promoting healthy relationships ,Adolescent ,Dating violence ,Psychological intervention ,Intimate Partner Violence ,Hegemonic masculinity ,Violence ,Adolescents ,Social support ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Association (psychology) ,Risk of dating violence ,Crime Victims ,Portugal ,Acceptance of violence ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bullying ,Social Support ,Machismo ,Violence against women ,Interpersonal violence ,Europe ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Italy ,Adolescent Behavior ,Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico ,Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the potential association between social support, experiences of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents and the likelihood of acceptance of violence and machismo in different European countries. Methods: Cross-sectional design. We recruited 1,555 participants ages 13–16 from secondary schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Iasi (Romania), Matosinhos (Portugal), Poznan (Poland), and Cardiff (UK). We used linear regression models to identify how social support from teachers and parents, experiences of violence—dating violence, bullying, cyberbullying, abuse in childhood—and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with violent thinking, specifically: machismo and acceptance of violence. The analysis was stratified by sex. Results: Acceptance of violence was higher for those who had lower perceived social support from parents (βgirls = −154, p < .001; βboys = −.114, p = .019) for both sexes. Perpetration of bullying and/or cyberbullying was associated with higher scores for machismo and acceptance of violence for both sexes (βgirls = .067, p = .035; βboys = .225, p < .001; (βgirls = .118, p < .001; βboys = .210, p < .001). Being the victim of dating violence, having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood, and lower perceived social support from teachers were associated with higher scores for both machismo and acceptance of violence. These associations differed between girls and boys. Conclusions: Machismo and acceptance of violence are widely present amongst adolescents in different European countries. Our results suggest the importance of providing educational/psycho-educational interventions with boys and girls to prevent these attitudes and, in turn, prevent interpersonal violence, including bullying and dating violence. The project “Lights, Camera and Action against Dating Violence” (Ligts4Violence) was funded by the European Commission Directorate-General Justice and Consumers Rights, Equality and Citizen Violence Against Women Program 2016 for the period 2017–2019 to promote healthy dating relationship assets among secondary school students from different European countries, under grant agreement No. 776905. It was also cosupported by the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health of Spain for its aid to the Gender-based Violence and Youth Research Program. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021